reserving the right to discontinue tne xrorzc ;
iinluns-well upon an agreed basis as populated k
the contract. A copy of this contract , will 1 *
found In the report of the cotnraiMJoticir r.l
public lands and building * . UK also the very full
and satisfactory statement or the commiroioiu-i
upon this subject. The report of the jreologist jn
charge of the work upon the part of tlie tZKte.
contains much useful and valuable lafi'ttuatlas
bearing upon the present condition OIK ! future
prospects in the work of developing our sail
Interesta
DIECOVEBY OF COAL.
"We have at this time upon the statutes of Ne
braska a law which provides that th board ol
county cosnmistioners of each county In this
state are authorized and required to ubmlt tc
the legal voters thereof , on presentation of a pe
tition of twenty .resident freeholders of said
county , the proposition to issue bonds , not ex-
needing twenty thousand dollars , the proceeds ol
which shall be applied to defray the expenses ol
boring and prospecting for coal In their respec
tive counties under the direction o , the commis
sion ere thereof , and xaid boards are authorized
to issue the said bonds for said purpose , in case
the vote shall be favorable lo the proposition.
We have also a law which provides that when
it shall be made apparent to the governor of Ne
braska , by affidavit of the owner or owners
thereof , that a vein of coal not less than twenty-
six inches in depth , and of sufficient capacity tci
pay to mine , and within paying distance from
the surface baa been discovered , or vein of good
iron ore eighteen iuclies thick , it shall be the duty
of the governor to appoint a suitable person to
examine the same , whose duty it shall be to re
port the probable extent and capacity of the vein
or veins , upon personal examination' meas
urement , all expenses for said examination to be
paid for by the owner or bwners of said mines.
Said report being satisfactory to the governor ,
he shall direct the auditor to draw an order on
the treasurer for the sum of four thousand dol-
larsto be paid to the owner or owners of said
mine of-coal.
The grjest importance of the fnel _ question to
the people of our state , and my desire to bring
this subject to your notice in the most favorable
light is my _ justification for quoting thus freely
from existing laws , and I have done so for the
two-fold purpose of showing the importance of
this matter in the minds of legislators who have
preceded you , and their practical views upon it ns
expressed by existing laws , and with the hope
that you may see it in the direct line of duty
nnd sound public policy to occupy advanced pub
lic ground upon this subject. 1 do not recall a
single instance in which tha peopl ? of a county ,
exercising their right Under th ? stat
utes , hare s en lit to assume tbQ
burden 9f Seeking to develop their coal interests ,
and it presents itself to my judgment as a burden
or duty that should be assumed by the state.
Numerous Inquiries have ben reads of this e-
jjartnient during tie past tvro years in the nutter
ot rewdrd offered by the state' for the discovery
of coal , but in one case only has the reward ! > een
claimed , aad an examination asked for. This re
quest was upon proper showing granted , and I
tent as my representative on benalf of the state
tha present professor of geology in the University
of Nebraska , Mr. L. E. Hicks , who procscdfd to
make examination , and as the result of his Invcs
tiga'tion , filed in this officc'an interesting and ex
haustive report deciding adversely to the claim
ant. Several of my predecessors have shown
their belief upon this question by recommending
the policy of a geological survey upon the part of
the state , and it lias been my privilege and honor
to make a similar recommendation to tho
legislature of I8S3 and to renew it at
the session of 18S5. "While my recommendation
has been made with reference to the general de
velopment of the wealth contained in our hidden
resources , it has been made with special reference
to the development of pur coal interests , teliev-
ing as I do that coal will yet be found within our
borders in abundance. The suggestion is again
.made-with the expression of judgment that re
sults hoped for , and. such as may be reasonablv
looked for from a carefully ordered geological
survey , arc such as will warrant the necessary
expenditure for that purpose , with the probabili
ties strongly favoring the discovery of resources
that will prove in point of profit to the state a re
turn not only commensurate with , but vastly in
excess of any reasonable outlay. This question
should have ycur most careful consideration.
CAPITOL BUILDING.
The Trork on the main or central portion of the
Capitol has con * steadily forward during the past
two years , and the buildingis nearingcompletion.
The cost to the state thus far is as follows : "West
wing , S7 ,988.7o ; east wing , 5100,000. The amount
appropriated and expended under the levy of
ifta aud 1684 upon the main building was $11G-
901.45 , and the amount expended for the same
purpose under the appropriation and levy of 1883
and 1685 was 51 3,613.75 , making the total amount
expended hi connection with the central building
during the past four rears. $205,578.20 , and the
total expenditures on the Capitol to date Novem
ber SO , ibSG , including amount paid for plans and
specifications and pnv of superintendent , as
$430,567.15. To complete tho building under the
terms of the contract will require an appropria
tion of 5188,039.74. The commissioner of public
lands and buildings in his report touching this
subject calls attention to needed changes in the
original plans of building and the necessity of
providing for same as well as fcr the finishing of
the interior , and the laying out and general im
provement of the capitpl grounds. The commis
sioner's recommendation is based upon state
meutsand estimates furnished by the architect
and superintendent of construction , and has the
approval of the board of public lands and build
ings.
The amount asked for to carry into effect tho
recommendation above indicated is S93.000 , di-
vided _ as follows : S15 , < XX ) for change from stone
to iron in construction of dome : S10iXX ) for granite
columns for porticos ; $10,000 for interior decora
tion ; S7/-00 for change in second floor plan of
main building , and $50.000 for improving capitol
grounds , including terracing , curbing , making
walks and driveways , and carriage porches at
east and west entrances. You should make
ample provision for the continuous prose
cution of this work to completion. The thrift
and enterprise of our people , our resources and
development , speak through and are shown by
the character and quality of our public buildings
and their surroundings.
"Within reasonable limits a spirit of state prido
is not only to be indulged in this direction as
commendable , but as being within the line of
' wise economy.
CESSCS.
The census provided for in the act approved
February .9,1KS5 , appropriating the sum of § 50-
000 or so much thereof as might be necessary for
that purpose , was carried out by the appointment
of Hon. George B. Lane as superintendent of this
important work , which , under his careful and en
ergetic management was brought to a successful
and highly satisfactory conclusion , as regards
both the showing made with reference to tie
growth , development and general resources of
the state , and tne cost of the work. The original
returns of enumerators and other original rejxjrts
have'been deposited for safe keeping in the office
of the secretary of state as required by law. Ths
total cost of this census was $39,774.35. deducting
from this amount $34,759.1 : ! received from the
general government for prompt and accurate re
ports , leaves as the actual cost to the statd
| 5,015.3. !
Statements and figures in connection with this
work have from time to time been given to the
public. The law providing for this census was
radically defective inasmuch as it failed to make
provision for the full and immediate publication
of its results. The requirement contained in the
ninth section of this act , making it the duty
of the superintendent to compile the returns
and deliver the same to the governor , who shall
incorporate them in his next Triennial message , is
cot "practicable , in that if carried out it would
necessarily so dwarf and mutilate the work as to
practically destroy its usefulness. I am informed
by the superintendent of census that the material
on hand would make a volume of not less than
150 pages. The legislature should at once provide
means for the publication and circulation of this-
matter in such form as its importance with rela
tion to the interests of the state so clearly de
mands.
LEGISLATIVE JLPTOIRTOXXENT.
It becomes vour duty to cany out the provision
contained in section two CJ ) , article three (3) ) , o *
the constitution entitled legislative , which says
that the legislature at its first regular session after
each enumeration shall apportion the senators
and representatives according to the number of
inhabitants , excluding Indians not taxed and sol-
die.-s and officers of the United States army and
navy. This apportionment will be based upon the
census taken as of date June 1,1885.
The maximum number of senators and repre
sentatives nnder the constitution having already
been reached will necessitate a relinquSshment of
representation upon the part of some of the older
counties , in favor of counties in the more recently
settled portions of the state , which in some in
stances , under the condition of unequal growth ,
practicallv without representation under the
arc
apportionment now in force. To fairly adjust
and distribute this representation will be no easy
task , but with the one object in view , viz. , that
of securing to each count v her just share of rep
resentation , vou will finally reach an equitable
result.
coysrmn IOXAI. AHZXDMTXTS.
The defeat at the last election of the amend
ment to the constitution providing for additional
compensation of members of the legislature , and
increased length of stssiou , has called forth con
of
siderable discussion as to the impossibility
passing aa amendment , and the necessity thereby
created for a convention to revise ant ) remodel
constitution coupled with the statement
the ,
has the "present consti
that the state outgrown
tution. , ,
-I am reluctant to interpose my personal views
this important subject , and do so only _ from
upon
with the desire to
a deep conviction of duty , and
Again impress upon your minds that the ques-
' tion of Ji'change in the' fundamental lawot our
state is oaonpon which the people cannot well be
too conservative. "With reference to the diffi
culty of amending the present instrument , it
may be eaid that as compared with those of
tlxer states owr constitution is susceptible of
easv ym T"5fp > Tit Three-fifths of the members
of the legislature may propose amendments , *
majority of the electors voting at the election al
wiiich It h submitted may adopt tlm amendment
or amendments. The governor within ten days
after tiie result is ascertained , makes procJama
tion declaring the finu-ntlinents to be a part oi
the eoDtuinUou of the state. This work is done ,
your constitution has been amended.
Great rare should be taken to distinguish , and
the distinction should be clearly made , between
the belief , want , needs or desuvs of a special
class or profession , and the needs of or the ueliel
among tue great body of the people as to the
necessity or advisability of proposed amend
ments. In this matter , aa in all other matters ,
the good sense and Intelligence of the people may
be trusted , and I firmly believe that when it shall
have been made clear to reasonable men through
continued discussion and agitation by the press
of the state , anl from the platform , that an
amendment is needed , it wfll be made. With
reference to the state having outgrown the pres
ent constitution it may be said that amendments
providing for an increase of the salaries and the
nutnbsr of our supreme court , salaries of state
officers and members of the legislature , an
amendment most carefully guarded and re
stricted providing for needed auxiliary boards ,
an amendment providing that the peo
ple may vote upon amendments at
elections for that purpose , thus enabling them to
judge of the merit or need of proposed changes ,
standing alone and relieved from disturbing side
issues would leave our present constitution well
nigh perfect in its provisions. That which had
been approved by the severest tests of time and
experience in older states was taken as a guide hi
the formulating of this instrument. The rights
of individuals are fully protected , and it is ex
pressly provided in the bill of rights thattho
enumeration of rights therein contained shall not
be construed to impair or deny others retained
by the .people , and that all powers not herein ex
pressly delegated remain with the people. Ths
several articles relating to the distribution of tho
powers of the state government , executive de-
jmrtment , judiciary , revenue and finance , educa
tion , and Rtate , county and municipal indebted
ness when changed as above indicated , will stand
the severest criticism. The article relating to
corporations , railroad , municipal and miscellan
eous , with iu carefully guarded limitations and
t fitrittioiis ns to their rights or grants of power ,
is such as to place thein entirely subject to your
control and could not well be strengthened.
In conclusion it may l > e said that under the
present constitution the power preserved to and
vetted in the people is absolute , and it therefore
follows tbp.t cliange as needed should be made by
amendment and not through the expensive me
dium of a constitutional convention.
LiSD DEPARTMENT.
A condensed history of the several "grants of
land made by the general government to the stato
fpr educational purposes will prove of interest.
The enabling net passed by congress , and ap
proved by tha president April 1" , 3501 ; catitlud
an act to enable tiio peoplz of the territory of
"Nebraska to form a constitution and state gov
ernment , and for the admission of such state into
the union on an equal footing with other states ,
embodied provisions making grants of land as fol
lows. For CCBijnon school purposes , sections
numbered sixteen and thirty-six in every town
ship , or their equivalent in other lands ,
under which we have received for this
purpose 2,745,010 acres. For public buildings , a
grant of twenty entire sections , amounting to 12-
tJOO acres. For the erection of a penitentiary ,
fifty entire wetions , amounting to 32,000 acres.
For the use and support of a state university ,
Feveuty-two sections , amounting to 46,080 acres.
Location of salt springs , not exceeding twelve in
number , with FLT . Cticusnf laa'I adjoining or
contiguous to cacb.W,080 acres. Froni thest = - -
line lands the legislature , byan act approved
June 20,1G7 , entitled "An act to locate , establish
and endow a state normal school , ' " selected and
caused to be set apart as an endowment for said
school twenty sections amounting to 12,800 acres.
An act of congress , approved July 2,1SG2 , en
titled "An act donating public lands to the several
rtntes and territories which may provide colleges
for the benefit of agriculture and mechanic arts ,
including military tactics , a quanty equal to 30,000
acres for each senator and representative in con
gress1 under which provision we received
for the use and support of an agricultural col
lege DO.OOil acres of land. An act of
the legislature , which took effect June 21 ,
1EGT , united the Agricultural college and State
university as one institution. The very full and
comprehensive tables contained in the report of
the commissioner of public lands and buildings
present the exact status of these several grants of
land , giving the number of acres unsold , the num
ber of acres uuder lease and sale contracts , re
spectively , and the amount credited to the several
funds arising from the sale of lands , and the Ic-
come thereof.
The property iu the city of Lincoln , reported in
my last message as in bad condition , and as re
turning but small revenue to the school fund , has
been sold for the sum of $22,500 , which is drawing
interest at the rate of 0 per cent per annum. Iu
the matter of lots in the city of Lincoln owned by
the state , and to which the attention of the legis
lature has heretofore been directed , it is recom
mended by tho board of public lands and build
ings , and concurred in by me , that said lots , 303
in number , be sold , and the proceeds applied to
ward the finishing of the Capitol building. Action
can be taken ia this matter only as provided by
the legislature. Your attention is called
to tbe resolution of the board of educa
tional lands and funds , recommending
such action by the legislature as may be neces
sary for the protection of the lessees and pur
chasers of educational lands heretofore leased
without having been first advertised and offered
at public sale. A description of these lands will
be found in the report of land commissioner.
The school fund has been fully protected , and it
will be your duty to furnish all needed protection
to these innocent lessees and purchasers. Tho
question of whether _ lands that are appraised
below the minimum price at which they may be
sold under the constitution shall be offered for
sale before they are subject to leaso has nsyer
been passed upon by our courts , and the question
is one that involves grave doubt. The sater con
struction of the law has been followed , save as
above , and all lauds advertised and offered for
sale before leasing them. The labor of this de
partment has increased rapidly from year to
year , and you should provide additional clerical
force as requested. The severe test of actual
comparison will convince any who may doubt
that the school lands and funds of Nebraska are
in condition second to those of no other state ,
and such as may well excite the envy of others
who , having received the same munificent
grants , have managed them less wisely. "With
the foundation thus safely laid , we need feel no
further apprehension as to the cause of popular
education in Nebraska.
RAILROAD LEGISLATION.
"While the question of railroad legislation has
been for years a fruitful thema for discussion ,
the laws enacted prior to the session of ISSo were
of little practilal utility , and afforded small relief
fprthe honestly entertained grievances of the
people , some of which were well founded. This
cuestion demands at the hands of a legislative
Eody a most thorough consideration of all inter
ests involved. There exists between the people of
the state and the railroads a community of inter
est that should be kept constantly in view , which ,
if given its proper weight , will , in the settlement
cf points at issue , result in good to both. The
wisdom or a properly constituted commission ,
with power to arbitrate and decide between
the people and the railroads upon exist
ing matters of difference is no
longer questioned. The system is cp-
proved ; the only difference being with reference
to the extent or its powers. The law passed at the
last session of the legislature , providing for a
board of railroad commissioners , and defining
their duties and powers , while not as radical in ils
provisions as desired by some , was nevertheless a
step in the right direction , and has been pro
ductive of good to the people. The report of this
board , "containing such facts , statements and ex
planations as will disclose the actual working of
the system of railroad transportation ia this state ,
and its relation to the general business of the
citizens of the state , and such suggestions and
recommendations in respect thereto , " as have
seemed to them appropriate , and as required by
law , has been filen with the goverr-.or , and , as it
seems to me , needs only a careful reading to con
vince the intelligent and unprejudiced
mind of the value of their work. Their
discussion of existing lawis thorough , and their
presentation of the intricate and weighty ques
tions embracing the subject of transportation
rates , Is strong and able. The several sugges
tions and recommendations contained in this
report embody the results of study and investi
gation upon the part of commissioners , and
should have great weight. "Within the state your
powers are clearly denned and undisputed , but
Cor needed protection of inter-state commerce wa
look to the national legislature. Ihe bill re
ported bv the conference committee of the two
bouses ot congress upon this subject , providing
For a national commission , and its provisions
relating to special rates or rebates , pooling , pub
lication of schedules relating to pessen-
ger and freight rates , and notice of change
in rates , penalties for violation of law
and defining the powers of said commission , con
tains in substance the weight of opinion of repre
sentative men from widely separated sections of
tbe country , and from all the leading branches of
industry , as given before the senate committee on
inter-state commerce.
"With the work that has been already done by
the states , and action as above indicated by the
national legislature , it would seem that this
troublesome problem would in a measure bs
solved. As in all other matters , we reach perfec
tion in law only through experimental stages.
Too radical legislation is the oanger. Such con-
> ervative action should be had as will result in a
just and equitable determination of this matter.
BEPOBTS ANO STATEMENTS TIMNSXUTTED.
In compliance with section twenty-two , article
five , of the constitution. I herewith transmit the
biennial reports of the secretary ofstate , state
treasurer , aut 'tor of public accounts , commis
sioner of put ic lands and buildings , attorney
ijeneraL superintendent of public ; instruction ,
idjutant general , stats librarian , principal of tea
institution for the Blind , nrirdral of Deaf and
Dumb Institution , euperfniendefit of the Refon
school , superintendent of the Insane Ilospita
Institute for Feeble Minded Youth , warden c
State Penitentiary , principal of the State Nonnt
KchooU and board or regents of the University c
Nebraska. Also transmitted are tie annual rx
ports of the board of railroad commisslonen
lave Stock Sanitary commission. Board of Fis
Commissioners , State Agricultural society ; Stat
Horticultural society , and State Historical sc
ciety.
Appended hereto and made a part of this mes
sage will be found the following tabulary state
ments : Register of convicts discharged from Nc
vembsr 30 , 1686. Pardons and commutation
granted and remission of fines. Statement of in
surance policies now in force covering propert ;
and buildings belonging to the state. Report o
expenditures for executive office for the two year
ending November 30,1W50. Statement of money :
received froia the general government and paii
into tho state treasury during the tw (
years ending December 3J , 1856. State
ment of railroads in the state , giving name
number of miles , the assessed valuation per mill
and total assessed valuation ot railroads. State
ment giving number ot miles of railroad con
structcd in the state during the years 1885 am
1886. Statement showing the appropriation ;
needed for the operating expenses of the govern
ment f r > tn the 31st day of March. 1S.S7 , to the 31s
day of jlarct. 1889. Statement showing the bal
nncR of each remaining in thu state treasury No
vemberSO , 18S5 , the receipts and disbursement
to November 30.1880 , and the balance remaininj
ic the state treasury November 00,18S5.
COXCLC6IOX.
Nebraska , passing through the days of infancy
and youth , long since entered into the period o :
vigorous life , and stands today among the pros
perous and prominent commonwealths of th <
nation.
In material progress and upon all lines of de
vslopment , the strides of improvement have beer
without precedent. The changes that have beer
inwrought into her history are marvelous and
far reaching. The throb of progress , filling al
, occupations , stimulating all industries , intensify
ing all activities , is strong and constant.
That my services have been given to the ! state
at so prosperous a time in its history will bo tc
me a pleasant memory. The many courtesies
and acts of kindness received at the hands ol
those who have been co-workers with me in tht
discharge ot public duty , call for my hearty anil
sincere thanks , which are hereby returned. Tc
those who in the bestowal of their coufldecct
have so honored me , to the people , from whoa
this great trust was received , I wish , before
closing my relations with the executive office , to
make profound acknowledgment : and in con
cluding my message , to express the wish and
hope that tha future of Nebraska may , under the
continued guidance of the llult-r of nations , be
that of ptasp , happiness and prosperity uninter
rupted. JA31ES W. DAWES.
, I'KJfQMfj January C. 1&-7.
GOV. TSIATER'S
Gentlemen of the Senate and House of Repre
sentatives : My predecessor having presented a
full review of the affairs of the state , it will not be
expected of me to traverse the same ground. It
will be sufficient tomato 2onie sJ ? CStions , ac
companied with a few rftcbnstncndauous.
It is a subject for congratulation that you meet
under favorable auspices , with the evidences of
general prosperitysurroundingourpeople. Com
ing together as the representath es of a state of
wide geographical extent , with a large population
and with extensive resources , especially in an
agricultural point of view , it will be your duty to
provide such legislation as the new and changed
condition of things which arise in a young state
my require.
require.Tflfi
Tflfi ADMISSION' Or XEBHASEA.
On the first day of next March , just twenty
years will have passed since Nebraska was ad
mitted as a state of the federal union. Those
years have witnessed marked progress in its
carter. There were but twenty-two organized
counties at the time of its admission.
There are now seventv - three. Those
recently organized , as well as the older ones have
been , and are still , receiving large accessions of
people. Lands previously regarded as useless ,
have been demonstrated to be susceptible of a
high degree of cultivation , aud they have greatly
extended the area of remunerative farming.
The state has developed resources not antici
pated by those familiar with its earlier history ,
and has advanced in material prosperity to a de
gree that has challenged the surprise even of
those who had looker for a large and rapid
growth. It has passed several of the ; old states
in representation in congress , whose people re
garded its application for admission with jeal
ousy and suspicion on account of its small popu
lation ; and their expressed apprehension that it
never could possess sufficient to place it on
a footing with them iu the exercise of
national legislative powers. The results
have justified the foresight of the peo-
who favored statehood. Those who have
Ele been identified with its history from its
very beginning , and those who have been con
nected with it in lator periods , and all who have
in any manner contributed to its present prosper
ous condition , can point with satisfaction to most
beneficial results accomplished. No nobler part
in life can be filled than that which helps to found
communities and build a state.
TUE EXECUTIVE OrTICE.
To be called to the executive office of Nebraska
is a distinguished honor , and one which should be
c mmen&urate with the ambition of any of its
citizens. To the people who have conferred this
distinction upon myself in so marked a manner ,
I express the profoundest gratitude , and they are
entitled to. and shall have my best efforts to
serve the state faithfully.
mr TIBTY "OF ixaisLATons.
In accordance with the provisions of the con
stitution , important and responsible duties now
devolve upon you. The respective spheres of
action of the executive and legislative depart
ments of tha government are "clearly and dis
tinctly defined , and the two should work in
harmony. The legislature must frame laws , and
the executive must see that they are enforced
without favor , enmity or partiality. To pass
such laws as the public interests de
mand , to repeal unjust laws , to amend
defective ones , to protect tha rights of all the peo
ple , whatever their condition , corporations or in
dividuals , rich or poor , to see that the burdens of
government rest aliks upon all without favor or
discrimination for or against any one ; to provide
for a just and equitable basis of assessment of all
property ; to secure a fair , just and uniform sys
tem of taxation according to values and not ac
cording to ownership , as is sometimes the case ,
and to enact wise and judicious laws , must be
your aims. The public interests must be the con
trolling purpose of the faithful legislator.
TO GUARD AGAINST HASTY LEGISLATION.
I desire to impress upon you , in a respectful
manner , the necessity of giving attention early in
the session to such matters as must necessarily
come before you. It is a common fault with leg
islative bodies that the most important subjects
for their consideration are deferred to the expir
ing hours of the session , and are then disposed of
in scenes of hurry and confusion. Jlost of the
uncertainty as to the meaning of statutes and
their incongruities may be traced to this cause.
No bill should pass into a law until it has first
been fully considered , thoroughly digested , and
clearly understood. Statutes should be expressed
hi terms so plain and unequivocal , so free from
ambiguities , that there shall be no occasion for
referring to the supreme court for interpretation.
OUR SCHOOL SYSTEM.
A wise forecast has provided Nebraska with
the means of establishing and maintaining a
school system , the advantages of which , we nave
reason to believe , are not surpassed by those of
any state , and its endowment and its interests
should be guarded with the most jealous care.
It is a trite truth , but none the less true because
trite , that our institutions , society , order and
good government depend upon the education and
enlightenment of the people. Our educational
interests should always nave the fostering care ,
of the legislature. It will be well for you to in
quire whether any act ion is needed to increase
still further the efficiency of our system. I do
not mean that system which seems to regard tha
amount crowded into the mind as of more conse
quence than a thorough understanding and com
prehension of it. and which tends to dwarf the
intellect , but that system which intelligently in
structs and enlightens the pupil in regard to that
irhich is being acquired and learned. "When
boards of education and educators will compre
hend that the smaller amount of learning , intelli
gently explained and thoroughly understood , is
much to ba preferred to the large amount
crowded upon the mind but poorly comprehended
ind unexplained , our educational interests will
be largely beaefittcd. Thoroughness instead of
quantity. Practical studies more than orna
mental. The languages of the present instead of
the. ages past. More schools and fewer colleges.
Iff. it he remembered .that tlie hi-rli Roumlinp-
titles do not create universities and colleges ot
the first class. They are the outgrowth of time ,
xperience , hard work aad liberal endowment.
Tarn CULTURE.
One of the pleasing features of civilization in
this state is the planting and growth of trees. The
increased value added to lands from this source
: annotbe overestimated. Nebraska led in this
most useful work of raising groves and forests
jpon the prairies hitherto treeless , and is receiv
ing the gratitude of the present , and will receive
; t from luture generations. Owing to the rapid
Tonsumption of old forests , those who cultivate
Tees are helping to make provision for meeting
"uture wants. Tree culture should be encouraged
n every possible way.
KATIOXAL GUARDS.
Universal experience aad practice In the states.
; believe , sustain the proposition that a well or-
csnized national guard is a necessary "adjunct to
he civil authority In a state. To be prepared for
varisthe surest safeguard against war. This is
ipplicable to nations , bet the spirit of it is eppli-
rabletotho states. Every stale should possess
vithin itself the means of asserting its authority
md maintaining the public peace. We rely upon
ha civil yower for tte protection of life and
' property , the preservation of order and the er
forcement of the laws. The military power mui
ever be subordinate to civil authority , and can b
used only as a last resort. When peace and orde
are overthrown ; tbe laws violated , tho civ
ppv.-ers defied and are powerless to suppress th
disturbances , and life and property arc endai
gered , then the employment of the military force
of the state is fully justifiable.
SECOND REOIUEXT Or X. n.
I concur with my predecessor In recommendln
the organization of the xecond regiment c
national guards and provision for annual et
campment
OUR STATE issrrnmoNS.
I recommend that you cause a thorough inves
tigation to be made of all the state institution !
This is not inspired by reference loanypartieala
institution , nor by any information that they ar
mismanaged , but it is inspired by the genera
rule or principle that all penitentiaries , jail'
asylums , houses ef correction , reform school-
homes for the friendless , and pror bouses shoul
be the subject of careful inspection at frcquen
intervals. They are shut la from.the world. Th
authority of those in charge is autocratic. It
exercise is unseca and unknown outside of thi
high walls surrounding. There is no one to ques
lion its abuse. Tha continued exeix-i.se of sue !
power in such circumstances , end withou
restraint , oftentimes leads to tyranny and pppres
sion. The people who support these institution
have a-right to know , and to demand , that the ;
be rranaged and controlled by enlightened am
humane rules and rgulatlon , and that thofa
confined therein , whether from criminal , physi
cat or mental causes , shall be under wholesom
and beneficial Influences and shall receive prope
care and treatment. Although the governor is
not a member of the board of manager * , I shal
regard it as my duty to make frequent cxamioa
tions into the conditioc of these institutions.
A SEPARATE ASYLUM TOR INCURABLE IXSAXE.
In this connection it may be stated that scvera
eminent medical gentlemen have called my at
tentiou , and have requested me to present th <
subject for your cocsuierat ion , to necessity o :
making provision for tlie care and maintenance
of the curable iuKane separate from those wh <
are curable. This proposition must comment
itself to the sound judgment , the common sense
the humane instincts of every one who has givei
thought to this subject. It does not need actual
demonstration to IKS convinced that the influent
of association and contact of the hopelessly in
sane with those for whom there is hope of the
restoration to reason , is most deleterious to the
latter. Sr rything thaj , humanity can dictate ,
the highest developments ia ir.islsl science pre
scribe , the most enlightened studies of insanity
can propose , must be done for these two classes
of unfortunates. Hospitals for the insane are
provided for the purpose of furnishing the neces
sary treatment for the patients for the restora
tion cf health to the body und the mind. Asylums
for the insane are created for the purpose of pro
viding safe retreats for the incurables , where
proper aud kind treatment shall be administered
to tiiem and where tbey _ shall receive every com
fort consistent with their security and detention.
There is no condition fit human beings on this
earth so pitiable , so deplorable , as is the condi
tion of those-from whom the light of reason baa
forever departed. pj:1 T O linger to life drivelling
idiots raving uiacics.
Asvlums for maniacal insan3 should ha pro
vided with all proper appliances. Binding pa
tients to walls and tfoors with chains , confining
them thus in irou dungeons from which they
never emerge till death has relieved them ,
is abhorrent to every humane sentiment.
The dcy for chains for tilK-o hip-
less beings lv 3 p = SStd. In such institu
tions there should be padded rooms for
the maniacal , in which they can do no harm to
themselves or to others ; light , and airy rooms
from which the appearance of the dungeon can
be as far removed as jxjssible. This treatment
of such unfortunates would increase their com
fort , and would impart some satisfaction to the
relatives and friends of such. I commend this
subject to your earnest attention.
JAILS Asa rooR HOUSES.
The beard of managers of our state institutions
are required to inspect them at frequent inter
vals. Grand jurors are required to inspect the
jails and make reports to the courtwhich sits
but twice a year. It would be well if this duty
could ba performed at more frequent intervals ? .
It is noteworthy that more public attention
and thought is bc'ing attracted to the subject of
correctional and charitable institutions than has
heretofore been given them. I trust that the ses
sion of the national conference of charities and
correctioas. whish will meet in Omaha early
in the coming summer , will disseminate benifi-
cent influence in this state.
CT.L-ELTY TO AJ.TMALS.
It is also noteworthy that increasing interest is
manifested in the subject of prevention of
cruelty to animals. Some legislation may be re
quired in this regard , for lamentable as the fact
is.there are human brutes as well as dumb brutes.
RAILROADS AND CORPORATIONS.
That serious differences arise , and antagonisms
consequently exist , between two important fact
ors in all business enterprises , should be a source
of profound regret witn evengood citizen , for
they cannot exist without inflicting great injury
upon the general public. He who seeks to widen
tbe breach between the two elements , between
those who employ wealth in private and public
pursuits and the toilers whose labor makes that
wealth effective in accomplishing the purpose in
tended , and thus array thesy two elements
against each other. de > troying confidence and
frequently the public peacf. is a public enemy.
He who employs his influence 5r > efforts to remove
causes of antagonism K-tween the opposing ele
ments , and to secure fair , just and equitable ad
justment of all such differeuces. _ Is a public bene
factor. Creating hostilities against railroads for
the purpore of weakening them or inflicting inju
ries is not the surest way of securing release from
burdens imposed by them. Railroads have been
of vast benefit to this state. They have been the
pioneers of civilization into this western section
of the country and have advanced the settlement
from a quarter to a half century beyond what it
would have been without them. The people , hav
ing become accustomed to them and dependent
on them , cannot dispense with them. They have
come to be an absolute necessity in the economics
of life.
Butwhile doing justice to railroads and freely
acknowledging their benefit , it must also be
maintained that railroads must be so managed
snd controlled as to improve the interests of the
people. While railways are a neessity to the
people , the people are also a necessity to rail
ways. The relations they sustain to each other
must be mutual , aud should be so adjusted that
the interests of both shall be promoted and pro
tected. Those who invest their means in railroad
property have a right to expect a fair return en
their investments. Those who labor have the
same right to expect a fair reward for their la
bor , which is their capital invested. Railwavs
should so arrange their tariffs of charges
that farmers , grazers , manufacturers , merchants
and all who ship over them , can do so and re
ceive a remunerative profit from their business.
Ihat familiar precept , ' 'live and let live , " should
be the controlling spirit of all. If the managers
of corporations and all who employ lalx > r would
always appreciate tbe conditions of the toilers ,
tvould manifest an interest in their welfare and
seek to Improve it. and would bestow a compen
sation just to the employes and commensurate
K-ith a fair return to the properties they repre
sent , there would be less conflicts between them.
If the people are subjected to oppressive charges
by railroads , sleeping car companies , or other
jomniou carriers , and redress is refused by
those who have the power to grant it ,
then the legislative powers of the
nation and the state must inter
pose by applying the remedy , and see that it is
jnforced. The legislative power must always be
sxerted for the mutual benefit aad protection of
ill tho people. The same rules and laws which
lirect and control the assessment and taxation
> f the property of individuals must direct and
xmtrol the asssssment and taxation of the prop
erty of corporations. There must be no dw
inction or exemption. The people are masters ,
ind must rule. In whatever legislation you may
idopt , care should b ? taken that no measure be
jassed which will cripple or hinder the building
) f railroads in Nebraska.
THE LABORING INTERESTS.
Any measure which enlightened statesman
ship and intelligent consideration of the sub-
ect can devise to elevate the condition of the la-
wriiiic classes , should receive from you the most
houghtful and favorable consideration. Our
sympathies should ever lay with those whose
ives are devoted to daily toil , for they ar < j
imong the strong pillars of support to society
ind government.
The most practicable plan , in my judgment ,
'or the adjustment of these difficulties is by the
iStablishmentof > > . board of arbitration.
All reforms must be worked out. and accom
plished by anil through the law , aided by en-
ightened public opinion. If the laws are not suffi-
nt , let them be amended , or new ones enacted.
Yhen one steps outside tlie Jaw and attempts to
ecure redress by violent means , he then becomes
L law breaker , and forfeits his claim to public
ympathy and support. The law will prevail. It
nay at tunes be set at defiance , but it will prove
upreme.
rCRTTT IN ELECTIONS.
I pray you to consider whether aayamsnd-
ncnis to our present elwtion laws are newled lo
rndcr thrill Tnnre rfTective. to make tlieir pro-
Isions more stringi-nt. and tlieir penalties more
rrtain fttnl Sfvorv , atniin.--t brilvry at eltitions.
'lii'if is rensnn tn ap n-Jit-ml that IliU crime i
ucrensiug and Uiat its very fn.tiirney is caus-
ng it to be regarded with leniency end
ndiffercnce. It has ccaie to pass that
ome men look forward to the coming
f the annual elections , as their financial
larvest time , when they will seek to secure the
ighest price attainable for their votes , thus mak-
3g the most sacred right of American citizenship
b.e subject of barter and sale ; thus sinking them-
zlves' to the lowest depths of moral degradation ,
"he purchase and sale of votes is a crime of the
lost heinous character against the state , against
sciety , against civilization. Prosecuting oflicera
and grand Juries throughout the state must rea
ize that it is their duty to employ all means i
their power to suppress this great wrong. Me
who will purchase and sell votes In primary elei
tians , municipal elections , county elections , stal
elections , congressional elections. In state legUl ;
tures and in public offices , should be exposed an
held up to public reprobation. I submit to yc
the advisability , yea , the necessity , of making oi
election laws iu this respect applicable to the pt
tnaries. In addition to calling your attention 1
this subject , I shall indulge the hope that , by gi1
ing expression to these views in this public mai
ner , the attention of the people may be awakene
to a realization of the enonnity of this evil , au
that the full power of public opinion may I
brought to bear npon prosecuting officers to pe
form their whole duty , and to sustain tkesa i
doing so.
so.AMENDMENT or THE REVENUE LAWS.
It is evident that a revision and amendment <
tho present revenue law are necessary , especial !
in rrgard to the method of assessment and tax :
tion , which is faulty , and liable to abuse. In II
execution there is inequality and partiality. ]
leads to dishonest and corrupt practice. Thei
are many who will resort to every scheme , devic
or deception which ingenuity can devise , ye :
even to falsehood , to deceive an honest assessoi
while they easily arrange matters with a dfc
honest one. They are guilty of that for whicl
under other designations of crimes , convicts ar
serving the state in the penitentiary , and yet the
are honorable men , of course , and good citizen ;
though half or two-thirds of their property es
capes taxation and the assessors grow rich ; an
those property owners admire theirown shrewd
ness in devising successful schemes to defrau
the state.
Permit me to suggest a change in the basis o
assessment. Let all taxable property , real an <
personal , be appraised and assessed at its ful
fair , actual value. Then let the levy be.madeoi
ore-third or one-fourth of its appraised value. 3
there is reason to believe that the owner is cot
coaling any property to evade taxation , make i
obligatory on ths assessor to put him under oatl
witli the pain and penalties of perjury attached
If-the as.Sfs.sors fail "to require the oath , let the as
sessor l > e punished with imprisonment.
By this plan tho property of all will be treatc-i
alike , which is one of the highest aims of gov
eminent.
TEE EQUALIZATION EOAJU ) .
It may be doubted that state officers are th <
persons who are best fitted to be mt-mbers of th. .
state board of equalization. They can at l > e.- >
have but a vague idea of the value of proper ! ;
in different and distant portions of the state
But if there could ba established a board of com
missioners of assessment and taxation to bi
composed of one commissioner for the state a
large and one for each county , who might be thi
chairman of the board of county commissioaei :
or of the supervisors , who shall meet at the stall
capitol once a year , there would then be severe
members present from the section of the stati
from which tho case of disputed assessmen
should come , and they would l > e much bette :
judges in such matters than state officers. Fur
thermore , property should be assess-d by thro
disinterested persons. The power and the temp
tations are too great for one man to exercise am
to meet.
COMPENSATION TOR STOCK SLAIN TO PREVENT TUJ
SPHEAD Or CONTAGIOUS PISEASES.
I submit that when animals are killed to preven :
the spread of contacious diseases , they arekillec
for the public good ; and therefore the pulili <
should bear its share of the loss. It is too great t
hardship for the owners to bear it. They shouli
be allowed by the state a fair compensation.
SCITS IN STATS INSTEAD OF CJITED STATES COURTS
The attorney general in his report refers to th <
large number of suits in the United States courts
which could be brought in the state courts will
far less expense to the parties litigant. I submit
herewith a memoranda which might l > e embodLt
in a statute which would result in bringing mnsi
of such suits in the counties where the defendants
reside , and in case of foreclosure of mortgages ,
where the mortgaged propel ty lays , aud thus
greatly reduce the cost to the parties.
PRINTING THE LAWS IN NEWSPAPERS.
I suggest that it will l > est accommodate tlif
gent-ral public by providing for the printing ol
the laws in one paper in each county ot tile state ,
thus making them more accessible to the people ,
and mm-h earlier than by waiting the printing ol
them in book form.
PISnfRSEKENTS Or 7TJE P"CMC FUNDS.
Every safeguard should IK thrown around all
the expenditures of the public innney. Every
one iu the service of the state is entitled to re
ceive jurt what the constitution and laws provide
as compensation and no more , li'ooae iiasaiij
right to make money at the expense ot thestate. .
fientlemen In every measure designed to ad-
x-ano ? the public interest , to lessen ths bunions
of tlie people , to secure the blessing of education ,
teinprracce and the happinfss of the citizen , ami
to promote the public welfare , yon will huv
my liearty co-operation.
'Ilic public weal , equal and exact justice to all
the people.
A Story of Charles Francis Adams.
The late Charles Francis Adains was pnmu
of the fact that he was the son and graudsoi :
of a president , lie thought , however , that he
had some of tue elements cf greatness in him
apart from his ancestors , an.l I am told tli.it
he grew very tired of beinn introduced as the
grandson of John Adains and the son of the
p-eat John Quincr Attains. He expressed
this feeling at a political meeting al which he
once spoke in connection with Hannibal Hair.-
lin and other prominent men. Mr. Adams
was the last speaker. The others referred to
Dim in their speeches , aud nearly every one
dilated on the fact that they had with "them
that day the sou anil grandson of a president.
When at last Charles Francis Adains was in
troduced , the chairman of the meeting said :
"I am very glad that 1 can introduce to you
to-day the grandson of President John Adams ,
acd the son of the jrrcat John Qulucy Ad
ams. " Charles Francis Adams opened his
speech by saving : ' 'The fact of my ancestry
has bsen referred to several times during tbe
evening. I am proud of mv father aud grand
father , but I wish it distinctly understood that
I appear before you a * myself and not as the
son and grandson of any man. " Ke then went
on and made one of the most powerlul
speeches of the day. Cor. Cevlatd leader.
Child Labor in the Coal Regions.
The miner's boys and girls have no child-
lood. Hundreds of children from 7 to Is
rears of age are at work at tbe hard-coal
[ nines slat picking , and at the soft-coal mines
coke trimming and mule driving. Hard ,
drudging toil is tbe lot of these little ones , all
lay long , in the dust and grime of the nicking
shed , winter and summer.Yhat wonder that
the majority of graves in the miners' cemetery
ire short ones. A stunted , defrauded child-
bood , a sickly and infirm youth , end a man-
bood od ! and" di-crepit before its time ; this is
iot an uncommon experience among these
Mai workers. It is true that there is a law
forbidding the employment of youns children
n colleries on the statute book , but the cvi-
ieace. is convincing that it is verv rarely en-
"
> jrccd. The poverty of the parents and"the
ndiffercnee of the employers stand in the
"
s-ay. As late as 18S3 there "was no compulsory
! ch"col law in Pennsylvania , and if there be
sow , it is , like the law referred to above , al-
nost never enforced In the coal regions.
kVhen work is slack the miner sends his boys
: o school , where they get all the education
; hey ever have. At other times they , as well
is their father , must work. George A. Deni-
on. in Work and Wagst , Holyoke , JIass
An Unfounded Statement.
"Is it not shock ing to note the American
tendency towardt be corruption of _ our beau
tiful lannuace bjr the introduction of slanir
words and phrases ? " asked Miss Belinda Bos
ton of a belle from the west , "and I have
beard that this deplorable tcndencv Is verv
marked among even young ladies of the west.
[ hope that vou can tell me that it is an un
founded statement. " "That's what it is , " was
the prompt reply ; "it's a canard , and you can
> et your bottom dollar on it ; us western
sprouts can shoot oft just as fly chiu-music a-s
, on cistern damozels ; no slang in ourn not
f we know it ; we're heavy on the cult , and
lon'tyou forget it ; I'd smile to hear any of
.he regular uppercrust of western society
ihooting off slang ; I should , reallv smirk to
witter " But Miss Boston's friends bsd
: arried her oil ia a fit of hysterics. 2'id-JJtt * .
A little fricad of ours was recently taken to
be barber's shop to have hts hair cut for the
rst time. As the barber cut and clipped , the
Ule fellow seemed to become considerably
larmed. for he suddenly said , In anxious
ines , "You'll leave enough to grow , won't
on , mister ] " Harper1 f B.izar.
It is tbe fact that fainting has gone ont of
ishion. "Whether the stays are worn looser
: whatever may be tho came , ladles faint
r > w only on tbe stage and In covels. .Van
'raacuto Al a.
THE SENATE A\D I1OVSE.
filial Li ISehiff Itotus in Jlolh llranches of
tht National Conyress.
SHSATI : , Jan. 5. Senator Mitchell ( Pa. ) \
from the committee pensions , reported
B. bill grunting a pension ol $2,000 u year , - ,
to the widow of John A. Logan , and nsked -
for HH iniinediiite consideration , but under
tlie objection of Cuke the bill went over.
Fenntor Mcl'hcrson offered a resolution
cilliii mi tlie secretary of the trensnry for
11 B ntemcnt of indchtednesH of the Pacific
railroad companies to the government on
Jim. 1. 1SS7 , with tlie details of nil pay
ments made on account of the same ; nlflO
us to the sums due or to become due ( prin
cipal anil interest ) under the existing law ,
severally , and what difference will rtwilfc
to tlie ircamiry if the pending senate fund
ing bill should become a law. The matter
went over. Senator Ciillom presented n
memorial ot the 1'ittsbur chamber of
commerce in favor of the passage of the
inter-state commerce bill ; also one of tho
proceedings of the railroad convention on
the bume subject.
HOUSE , Jan. 5. Consideration was given
to the Indian appropriation bill. The bill f
gave rise to no opposition in any of its
features ami , the committee having arisen , ; '
it was passed without discussion or divi- ;
sion. It appropriates Su.iiOO.OOO. The *
military academy appropriation bill was I
taken up and passed. Tho speaker laid <
before the house the following communica
tion , dated Washington , December 31 ,
18SG :
"J hert'by respectfully re3i > ; n my ofllcc as
representative in the l-'orty-nintli congress i
from the Fifth congressirnal district of
North Carolina , to taKu effect from date.
IfrHpectfully yours , JAMKSV. . REED. "
The communication was laid upon the
table.
SK.VATB , Jan. G. The senate then took
up the resolution offered ypsterdny by
McPhersnn , calling on the secretary of the
treasury for a statement of indebtedness
of Pacific Railroad companies to the gov
ernment , and as to the effect of the funding
bill thereon. Agreed to. The Hi'imto on
motion of Senator Mitchell ( I'a. ) , took up
iiml passed tlie bill to L'ive a pension of
52,000 : v year to Mary S. Logan , widow of
General Lnsan , ns mnjor-ZLMienil of volun
teers. Senator .Mitchell slating that tlie bill
proposed to dy precisely what ' .vas done
for the widows of fJcnerals Hancock and
Thomas. Senator Vest thereupon intro-
hici'.d his bill increasing tlieiviisinn of Mrs.
Blair from § 50 a month to Jf'.OOO a year ,
anil , at h's rrque.-it. the bill wa imme
diately rnnsi.lereil and passed. The inter
state commerce > > ill was then considered
until adjournment.
HOUSE , Jan. G. Mr. Henderson , of Iowa ,
ntrodiirei ! a bill aiithoriziiii ; the construc
tion of a bridge across the Mississippi river
at Dubuque , Ia. Referred. The house
went into committee of the whole ,
Springer , of Illinois , in the chair , on the
peiininu appropriation bill , which appro
priate * § 70.247.500 , being only ? 5.000
below the estimates , tlie reduction being
in the item fnr the rent of oflii-t-s for pen
sion asenciis. Witlioiitamc-ndmcnt or dis-
rnssion the bill was read , reporter ! to the
house and passfd. House then went into
committee of the whole on tlie naval reor
ganization biii , ai : ! without final action ,
adjourned.
BEXATE , Jan. 7. The senate proceeded"
to business on the calendar and pa.ssed tho
following bills : To settle and adjust the
claims oT any state for expensed incurred
by it in defence of the United States ; for
the relief of Joh McXaughtnn , of Ohio , an
ex-lieutenant in tlie volunteer service ; a
bill appropriating § :500OUO for the wiilovr
and daughter of Krskiii ; * S. A'liu ( former
master-armorer at thvripringlieli ! armory ) ,
the inventor of the Springfield breech-load
ing riflmusket , in compensation for thd
use of tiie invention by the government.
Senator Minlerson leported back the
Iiou-e bill providing fi > r a school of iiiptruc
tion for cavalry and light art-Hery at Fort
Riley , Kansas ; and for the completion and
constnutioii of ( juarters for the army at
certain posts. The bill was amended by
appropriating S.'IO.OOO for I'oit U. A. Rus
sell and ? 55tJOO for Fort Robinson , Neb. ,
and the bill was passed.
HOL-.SE , Jan. 7. Or. motion of Mr. Per
kins ( Kas ) the senate bill was passed ,
amending the act providing for the sale of
the Sac and Fox and the Iowa Indian res
ervations in Nebraska and Kansas. Tho
amendment provides for the allotment of
lands in severalty to minors and orphans.
At the evening se-siou the house passed
forty two pe.iMon bills including one crant-
ing § 50 a month to General UurbiaVarJ. .
Adjourned.
JtKTTKR TITAS1I.IXGTXG. .
Fort Smith ( Ark. ) special : John W.
Parrotfc , one of the Indian territory mur
derers , to have been banged here on the
14th inst. , had his sentence commuted to
five years imprisonment in the Chester ,
III. penitentiary to-day. Parrott became
very angry , on hearing the telegram read ,
IHcause he had not received an uncondi
tional pardon. Ilia crime was the killing
of an old man named McAdams and his
son , in Ihe Cherokee Nation last summer.
He claimed the killing was done in self-
ilefense , but the jury , thinking otherwise ,
round him guilty on both counts of the in-
lirtment for both murders. Judge Parker
nnly sentenced him for one murder , and
the commutation may not help him much ,
ior he may now be sentenced to hang for
the other murder if the court sees lit to
sentence him.
Jackson Crovr , a nezro desperadonnd tho
murderer of Charles Wilson , a prominent
Ulioctaw citisfn. was brought in to-day
from the Gioetaw Nation and lodged in
the United States .
jail. Crow resisted ar-
ret. smd Marshal Barnhiil had to set fira
to Crow's house and barn and smoke him
: mt before lie would surrender. There wero
i number of women and children in the
louse at the time , but the marshal ami his
losse wenstood off by Crow with Jiis Win-
: hester rifle. Crowwan caught Sunday ,
ind while attempting his arrest Barnhiil
lad his feet badly frozen and is suffering
; reat uain.
THE KICIIZS OF JIOXT.iy.4.
I5itt > ? ( M. T. ) specii.l : The product of this
erritorv in the precious metal * for the
rear just past will reach S2X.OOO.OOO ,
livided as follows : GoM , S3.500.000 ; sil-
-er. Sii,500.000. : Tiie copper and lead
iroducta of the territory can only be csti-
nated , as they do not pass through the
issay and express oict.s. ! anJ there is no
vav ofeeing the slatifticc ) anil although
.he iepi-tc ! : > ition in thi ; copper market has
irol-iibly operated in decrease the output ,
15 * Hiife to nay that copped and lead have
tdili-d to our mineral production on a con-
ervativeestniiite7.0lO. < lOO. which would
nul.e the gross mineral output of the terri-
ory for the year at least § 2:5.000,000. : In
he'output Silver How county takes the
ad with a production of S5.1G4 lS4 in
ilver which was shipped through the Paci-
ic Express company at IJutte while about
12.000.000 worth of bullion wasbhipped
n the copper malte of which no correct
stimate can be made.
WATXB'S improvements for the past year
mounted to 502,000.