THE POET'S DEATH-SONQ.
The recent death of Paul Hamilton Hayne ,
flic noblest poet that the South has produced ,
lends peculiar interest to the strain of final
triumph which appeared in the May number
Df ITarntr'a Jfuffoxlne. Mr. Haviie early de-
roted himself to JUeratiire , and his name is
associated with nearly all tne American mag
azines , especially the Southern ones , several
of which , though snort-lived , rose to eminence
nnder his editorship. When the war deprived
him of his fortune he still continued true to
bis standard. JIls picturesque little home
near Augusta , furnished with what ancestral
goods IIP. managed to save in the destruction
Df Charleston , "has been the scene of his labors
Tor twenty years. Having experienced all the
phases of"prosperity and adversity , his linger
ing decline with consumption made him a
calm and fearless student of the coming
change. The result is beautifully shown In
this poem , which , though written two years
ago , by a strange coincidence was published
< ust before the writer was permitted to verify
Is truth.Ve repeat it for those Who may not
lave seen it in Jlarper'a Magazine.
FACE TO FACE.
BT PAUL H. HATXE.
Sad mortal ! couldst thou but knovr
"What truly it means to die ,
Th" wings of thy soul would glow ,
And the hopes of thy lieart beat high ;
Thou wouldst turn from the Pjrrhonlst schools
And laugh their jargon to scorn ,
As the babble of midnight fools ,
Ere the morning of Truth be born ;
But I , earth's madness above.
In a kingdom of stormless breath
I paze on the glory of love
In the unveiled face of Death.
I tell thee his face is fair < .
As the moon-bow's amber rings ,
And the glcato inliis unbound hair
Like the flush of a thousand Springs ;
IIi smile is the fathomless beam
Of the star-shine's sjcml light ,
When the Summers of Southland dream
In the lap of tfhu holy Night :
For I , earth's blindness above ,
In a kingdom of halcyon breath
I gaze on the marvel of Jove
In the unveiled face of Death.
Jn his eyes a heaven there dwells
But they hold few mysteries now
And Lis pity for earth's farewells
Half furrows that shining brow ;
Souls taken from Time's cold tide
He folds to his festering breast ,
„ And the tears of their grief are dried
Ere they enter the courts of rest ; '
And still , earth's madness above ,
In a kingdom of stormless breath ,
I gaze on a light that is love
In the unveiled face of Death. v
Through the splendor of stars impearled
In the glow of their far-oil grace ,
He is soaring world by world ,
With the souls in his strong embrace ;
Lone ethers , unstirred by a wind ,
At the passage of Death grow sweet ,
"With the fragrance that floats behind
The flash of his winged retreat ;
And T , earth's madness above ,
' .Mid a kingdom of tranquil breath ,
Have gazed on the lustre of love
In tne luiveiled face of Death.
But beyond the stars and the sun'
I can follow him still on his way , .
Till the pearl-white gates are uon
In the calm of the central day.
Far voices of fond acclaim
Thrill down from the place of souls ,
As Death , with a touch like flame ,
Uncloses the goal of go.ils :
And from heaven of heavens above
God speaketh with bateless breath-
JIv angel of perfect love
Is the angel men call Death !
TIGHT WITH PIRATES.
James Torrence was a foremast hand
on the British bark Huntress , and one
morning in the seventies we left Singa
pore , bound to the south by way of the
Straits of Sunda. We had sixteen
hands on the bark , and for armament
we had a nine-pounder mounted on a
carriage and a good supply of muskets
and spikes. All the seas to the north
of Australia are suspicious waters for
an honest ship. Pirates have abound
ed there ever since ships began to sail ,
and I'm thinking it will be long before
the business is entirely wiped out
There are hundreds of islands in the
Java and Banda Seas , and each 'one of
them oilers a secure headquarters for a
gang of native pirates. They are not
as bold as before the Government
cruisers got orders to patrol those
waters , and sink every craft which
could not show honest papers ; but they
are there still , and the temptations are
too great to expect they can ever be
entirely suppressed. On our way up ,
when off the Red Islands , on the north
ern coast of Sumatra we overhauled an.
Italian brig called the Campello. She
was stripped of sails , cordage , and
most of her cargo , and had been set
fire to and scuttled. For some reason
the flames died out , and the water came
in so slowly that she was floated six
hours after the pirates abandoned her.
Our mate was sent off to board her ,
and he found a shocking state of affairs.
She had been laid aboard without re
sistance by two native boats , armed only
with muskets and pistols. The crew
had at once been made prisoners , and
set to work to strip the ship and hoist
out such cargo as the pirates coveted.
She was run in behind one of the
islands and anchored , and for three
days and nights the pirates were hard
at work on her. Each man of the crew
worked under a guard during the day ,
and at night captain and all were
secured in the forecastle. The crew
numbered fourteen.
Toward evening of the third day the
pirates had secured all their plunder.
Several native crafts had been loaded
and sailed up the coast to some ren
dezvous , and only one remained to take
.the last of the plunder. As no actual
violence had been offered Captain or
crew during the three davs there was
' hope that the pirates would go away
and leave them in possession of the
robbed and dismantled brig. Just what
shift they would have made in this case
I cannot say , for the craft was left
without sail , rope , block , or prcTjis-
ions. About 4 o'clock in the afternoon
the crew were ordered forward , while
the natives collected aft , and at a given
signal fire was opened on the defense
less men. To their credit let it be re
corded that they seized whatever weap
ons they could lay hands on and dasli-
ed at the pirates , "but it was simply to
die like brave men. In ten minutes
the last one was shot down. The
pirates then raised the anchor and got
it into rheir boat , bored holes into the
ships bottom , and started a lire in the
hold amidships. The information I
have given you came from a little chap
on board who was mating his first voy
age as an apprentice. He was. if I re
member right onlv thirteen years old.
On the morning of the third day he
managed to hide among the cargo , and
the pirates completed their work and
sent the bujk dri/t'nur out to sea with
out having miss d him. He Tvas on
deck to catch tho painter of the mate's
boat when she drew alongside ,
and to one of our crew who
could speak Italian he gave tho story
as straight as the Captain could have
talked.
We reported the affair at Singapore ,
and a British gunboat was sent off , to
investigate. She returned before we
had completed our loading , and report
ed that she had made no discoveries *
It was a warning for our Captain , and
he wisely determined to heed it. We
took on shell and grape for our cannon ,
"
a dozen revolvers"were purchased for
the crew , and on the very day we left
the Captain brought aboard two very
heavy rifles which he had picked up
somewhere at a bargain. I call them
rifles , but they were young cannon ,
carrying a three ounce ball , with pow
der enough behind it to kick the marks
man half way across the ship. We
left Singapore as well prepared .as a
merchant vessel could be , and it seems
that the Captain was advised to bear
well up to Borneo , and give the Red
Islands a wide berth. We crossed the
equator at least a hundred miles to the
east of the islands , as I overheard the
Captain say , and then altered our
course to the southeast , calculating to
pass to the east of Biliton Island before
hauling away from Sunda Strait
The bark made good weather of it ,
and we had crossed the equator and run
down on the new course until Biliton
might have been sighted from the
masthead , when there came a calm.
The wind 'had died away about mid-
forenoon , and the drift of the bark was
to the north. We looked for a change
at sunset , but nothing came , and the
night passed without wind enough to
move a feather. My watch was below
when daylight came , and we got the
word to turn up lively. To the north
east , off the coast of Borneo , two or
three green islands were in sight , and
between us and the islands were two
native craft buaring down upon us.
These craft were about the size of
pilot boats , half decked over , and
rigged like a catboat They had been
sighted when six or eight miles away ,
and as my watch came on deck the
mate descended from the perch aloft ,
where he had been using the glass , and
reported to the Captain that the craft
\yere approaching us by the use of
sweeps. The calm still held , but it
was clear enough to a sailor's eye that
we should have a breeze as soon as the
snn began to climb up. No man asked
himsejlf the errand ot these boats' mak
ing out for the Huntress. At that time
and local.ty there could be but one an
swer. The captain presently called us
dft and said :
"Men , the craft which you see pull
ing out for us are pirates. We shall
have a breeze within an hour , but they
will be here first If we can not beat
them off we are dead men. They take
no prisoners. I look to see every man
do his duty. "
We gave him a cheer and began our
preparations. The cook was ordered to
fill his coppers full of water and start
a rousing lire , and the arms were
'
brought up a'nd served out There were
three or four men who had served at a
heavy gun , and these took charge of
the cannon , and the piece was loaded
with a shell. When the captain called
for some one to use the rifles , the only
man who answered was an American.
He took them aft , loaded them with his
own hands , and bythe time the pirates
were within a mile we were as ready as
we could be. The bark was lying with
her head to the east , and the fellows
were approaching us from the north on
our broadside. The mate kept his glass
going and announced that both craft
were crowded with men , but he could
see no cannon. Tliemade slow pro
gress , and we were impatient to open
the light By and by , when they might
have been three-quarters of a mile
away , the captain passed word for the
gunners to send them a shot In a few
seconds the big gun roared , and we all
saw tluit the shell flew over the pirates
and burst in the air. It was a good line
shot and something to encourage , but
before the cannon sent another shot
the American had to try with one of
the rifles. The mats was watching his
shot from the rigging , and the report
had scarcely died away before he
shouted :
"Good for the Yankee ! He hit at
least a couple of them. "
The second shell from the cannon
burst over one of the boats and took
efl'ect on some of the men , as reported
by the mate. The American then fired
again , and again' his bullet told. We
were doing bravely and were full of en
thusiasm , but the struggle was yet to
come. The fellows bent their energies
to creeping closer , and pretty soon
they opened on us with musketrv , and
the balls began to ring through the
rigging in a lively manner. We had
our muskets ready , but the Captain or
dered us to hold our lire and keep
sheltered behind the rail. One of the
piratical craft Was a quarter of a mile
in advance of the other , and the third
shell from the cannon bursts aboard of
her and musthave , killed and wounded
a dozen or more men. There was
great confusion aboard , and she re
mained stationary until the other craft
came up. During this interval the
American got in two more shots which
'
found victims. We now looked upon
the victory as assured , and there was
"
cheering "from one end of the ship to
the other. We were 'a little alfead of
time. The third shot from our big gun
burst it , and although none of the
men were hurt we were thus deprived
of a great advantage.
As soon as the Captain knew what
had , happened he called upon all the
crew to shelter themselves and wait to
fire at close quarters. One man was
detailed to assist the cook with the hot
water , and powder and bullets were
placed handy for reloading the muskets.
I was stationed near the gun carriage ,
and I noticed several shells lying about
under foot The American kept firing
with the rifles , knocking over a pirate
at every shot , and pretty soon the two
craft were near enough for us to open
fire with tho muskets. I presume we
wasted a good many shots , for we were
green hands and greatly excited , but I
am likewise certain that we also did
great execution. We had a plungin"
fire down upon a mass of half-naked
fellows , and we must have weeded oui
a full third of them. There was no air
stirring , and the smoke grew thick
about us. By and by tho shouts am
yells of the pirates sounded close at
hand , and their craft were laid along
side. We now flung down the muskets
and used the revolvers and pikes.
When the revolvers were empty we
used capstain bars , clubbed muskets ,
or whatever ould serve to strike a
blow. One dhow lay on our quarter
and the other on the bow , and the fel
lows 'tried ' to carry us by boarding.
I can't describe "the fight to you ,
further than to say that there was
shooting , clubbing , and stabbing all
along our port rail. We beat them
off the rait again and again , and
twice I brained pirates who reached
the deck over the blades of pikes. By
and by I heard some one sing out tha't
tho fellows had boarded us forward.
I did not see how we could spare a
man from the quarter , for two had
gone down and the rest of us were
hard pressed. All of a sudden 1
thought of the shells lying at my feet
There were half a dozen burning
wads on our decks from the jingals ol
the pirates , and .with one of these ]
lighted the fuse to a three-second
shell and gave the ball a toss for the
dhow. It fell right into the thickest
of her crew , and it was a settler.Our
rail was clear in half a minute , and
then I picked up another shell and a
burning wad and ran forward. A
dozen natives had gained 'the bow and
were pushing our men back. I lighted
the fuse and gave the shell a roll
along the deck into the crowd , and
give you my word that not one of
them was left alive after the explosion.
One of our men on the quarter threw
a third shell , and I brought the fourth
one and threw it from the bow.
The fight was ended. A bit of wind
blew the smoke away , and we looked
down upon the terrible sight. The
boats seemed full of dead and wound
ed , the living having sought shelter
under the half decks. Why , there
were bodies without heads , heads with
out bodies , and arms and legs and
pieces of bloody meat enough to make
the bravest turn pale. As we cut their
lashinjrs they drifted off , and the Amer
ican with his big rifles , and two or
three of the men witk muskets , kept
up a fire on everything that moved.
Presently the breeze came up , and as
we made sail and got the bark where
we could handle her we ran down for
the dhows. They were light built , and
it needed only a fair blow to crush
them. The first one we struck on her
starboard quarter , and although the
bark glanced off , we crushed in her
timbers , and she filled and went down
inside of five minutes. There were
about twenty living men on the other ,
and as we bore down for her at a good
pace they uttered shouts of terror and
made signs of surrender. Our captain
had no mercy for them. We put the
the ship right at the dhow's broadside ,
and we cut her square in two and roll
ed the bow one way and the stern the
other , while the living , wounded and
dead went into the sea together. New
York World.
The Judge Knew His Father.
Bob C. tells the funniest thing on
himself. Bob can tell it far better
than I can write it , and you must
imagine a wheezy , fat man , with
numerous little hitches in his voice , to
appreciate Bob's style. He tells the
story thus : "When Huff was mayor ,
way back in the long ago , I was just
about as wild a chap as there was in
town. I got to hitting the red eye
pretty heavily , and several times I was
called up before his honor , who would
fine me $5 or $10. But one time I got
on a big tear , and when I was brought
up next morning I knew right away
that Huff was going to swinge me. He
looked at me a little , and then began a
lecture , enumerating my sins on his
lingers as he went. 'Bob , ' he began ,
you are making a nuisance of your
self. Yon are getting to be a vaga
bond , ' and the calm , measured tones of
liis voice took me down considerably.
Then he grew more benevolent as he
continued couuting on his fingers :
'Bob * of . I
, 3011 come a good family.
mew your father a good , honest citi
zen. I knew your two uncles , and both
of them are as good men as the coun-
; ry affords. ' Here he told off three
Ingers and I felt real good , for I thought
ic was placing that many points to my
credit. 'Yes , Bob , I knew them well ,
md now I am going to teach you a les
son. I fine you $35. ' 'Phe-w-w ! ' I
nvoluntarily ejaculated. 'Please , your
lonor , if yo"u had a-known my grand-
'ather , I believe you would have made
t $100. ' " Atlanta Constitution.
Forgot IIimsel
Old Sandy and Col. Blunt , both about
lalf drunk , sat under a tree. The *
colonel took out a bottle , drank , and
landed the bottle back to Sandy. Sandy
drank and returned it to the colonel.
The colonel wiped the mouth of the
bottle , drank and handed the bottle
) ack to Sandy. Sandy wiped the
mouth of the bottle and drank. This
nade the colonel furious. "You d d
jlack scoundrel , " he exclaimed , "ho.w
dare you wipe a bottle after me ? "
"Who , me ? "
"Yes , you infernal scoundrel. How
can you have such impudence ? ' *
"Wall , sah , lenime tell yer. Yer
; olQ me jes' now tor ack like er white
man , an' I done it , an' now I wants ter
enow wh } ' yerse'f's got de imperdence
; er wipe er bottle arter me. Oh , I'se
wid yer , sah , Hadn't wanted me ter
ack dat cr way ver oughtenter tole
me. "
"That's all rightSandy , I forgot I
was a Democratic candidate. " Arkan-
saw Traveler.
Hoiv to Find a Sweetheart
1. Visit a cemetery after nightfall ,
spit upon twelve graves and repeat the
Lord's Prayer backward.
2. Unravel a woolen stocking and bury
the yarn in the backyard , with a paper
on which your desires have been in
scribed.
3. Kill a black cat and drink a por
tion of its warm-life-blood and repeat
some fetichistic jargon. Chicago Mail.
A STUDY OF CRIMINAL TYPES.
Tho Character ot Greater Importance
than the Act Relation UotAveen
Insanity and Crime.
The current number of. Science con
tains a statement by Prof. Joseph Jas-
trow , of the Johns Hopkins university ,
of the theory of criminality propound
ed in the Nouvelle Revue May , 1886 , by
Dr. Lombroso , a representative of
number of scientific men in Italy who
for tho last few decades have devotee
themselves to a careful study of crimi
nal types. Their point of view is a
strictly scientific one they regard a
crime as the expression of a dangerous
trait of character. The character i
more important than the act More
over , the criminal is not a spontane
ous , capricious product ; ho does nol
standalone , , but belongs to a class.
Thus the anthropology of the criminal
classes becomes a distinct object oi
study. Again , criminality is essential
ly a morbid phenomenon , and is a de
fect analogous to insanity or idiocy.
In this aspect the criminal is a psychol
ogical study. To characterize the spir
it of this movement in a few words ,
one may say that it lays stress on the
criminal rather than on the crime.
In general one may recognize three
types or causes of the outbreaks
against the social order physical , so
cial , and anthropological. Among tho
first may be. mentioned climate. In the
Argentine Republic the sharp changes
of temperature favor a revolutionary
character in the inhabitants. The sea
son of year influences the amount of
crime ; crime predominates in the warm
months. Of 192 revolutions in Europe ,
the months of June and July have the
largest share ; November and January
the smallest.So , too , heat is a factor.
Southern countries Italy , Spain , and
Greece have the largest number of
revolutions ; northern countries Rus
sia , Sweden , and Norway have the
least Geographical positibn and other
physical causes could be added. As so
cial causes Dr. Lambroso regards the
struggle for supremacy among the va
rious social castes or classes ; a dishar
mony between the existing civilization
and the prevailing economic condi
tions ; an opposition between the politi
cal forms and the national feeling and
needs. Such are the more constant oc
casions of revolutionary outbreaks as
shown in history. Mere accidental cir
cumstances , such as the appearance of
a great leader or writer , must also be
considered.
Finally , the following are the promi
nent anthropological causes : The co
existence of races not leally assimilat
ed , with , perhaps , a ten-Iency to politi
cal changes , hereditary anomalies of
character , such as criminality and mor
al insanity , or acquired anomalies , as
alcliolism and insanity. All these go
to form three classes criminals by he
redity , by habit , and l > y mental"dis
ease. These have furnished the subject
matter to the new science of criminal
anthropology.
One must not suppose because these
criminals are classed under the insane
they will not be active in political
crimes , for though they may be men of
small intellect , yet the absence of the
restraining power of a well-developed
moral sense makes the bridge between
thought and action shorter and smooth
er. A mere fanciful conception of possi
ble crimes will take so strong a hold
on their minds that the act itself will
follow. More sensible and reflecting
criminals would be repelled by the con
sequences and dangers of the act. In
addition to this class of criminals , who
become breakers of the peace simply
because that happens to be the most
accessible method of venting their per
verse instincts , there ss another ciass
who are led on by a wild passion for
the destruction of the old and the crea
tion of something new. They need rest
less activity ; their present condition
seems the worst possible. As a rule ,
too , they are very fond of notoriety ,
They are in love with crime. The pain
of others is a keen satisfaction to them ;
its horror attracts tliem. The French
revolution shows such types. Lejeune
made a little guillotine and used it on
the chickens destined for his table.
Jean d'Heron wore a human ear in his
cockade on his hat , and had others in
his pockets. Carrier confessed that the
writhings of the priests whom he con
demned to torture gave him exquisite
pleasure.
The modern anarchists , socialists ,
and dynamiters no doubt contain an
element of these hen-ditary criminals ,
who use the political object as a mask
for their instinctive tendencies to law
less outbreaks. The socialistic and the
criminal t3rpes of face present strong
resemblances. In some cases the intro
duction of such a cr'minal element
transforms a purely poi * ical organiza
tion into a band of outl : . .vs ; the Mollie
Maguires are an exampl of this.
All these facts urge the study of
these defebtive classes. Society has a i
right to defend ifc = elf apiinst these ene
mies of all peace and j'rogress. But
the punishment must be lirectcd to the
removal of the evil. Tho born criminal
can readily be detected : I he craniologi-
cal peculiarities , the absence of a moral
sense , the reckless cruelty of his deeds
point him out. The treatment of these
must aim at removing all opportunities
of indulging their passions , for meet
ing others of their kind ( for the epi
demic contagion of this disease is one
of its worst characteristics , ) for bring
ing into the world others fated to fol
low in their footsteps. For their chil
dren houses of correction and careful
discipline should be at hand.
The relation betweeen insanity and ,
crime is one of both cause and effect
Esquirol has shown an increase of in
sanity and suicides at each outbreak of
; he French revolution. Lumier de
clares that the excitements of 1870 and
.871 were the more or less indirect
causes of 1,700 cases of insanity. This
simply means that the same morbid ele
ment , tending to prounounced insanity
n one direction and to pronounced
criminality in another , is brought to
ront by a common sause. Very fre
quently too , both tendencies can be
seen in the same individuals. Marat.
or example , had attacks of maniacal
exaltation and a passion for continual- .
y scribbling. He had a sloping fore-
iead , was prognathcus had a promi-
nent jaw and high check-bones , and a
haggard eye , all of which correspond
closely with tho insane type of face.
Later his delusion of ambition changed
into oue of persecution and homicidal
monomania. Dr. Lombroso cites case
after case , all telling the same story.
He includes Guitean in this list , and
agrees with the opinion of an Italian
alienist that his trial was simply "scan
dalous. " The real place for such be
ings is in a much-needed institution
an asylum for insane criminals.
A few words as to criminals who have
acquired their sinful traits. Alcohol is
the most common cause. This always
plays a prominent role in political out
breaks ; the French revolution is no ex
ception. Hero is another great practi
cal problem needing solution.
So very hasty a sketch of an impor
tant theory is necessarily unsatisfactory.
It may serve , however , to call attention
to the fact that a change in our view of
crime .and criminals seems about to
take place.
The several interests involved in this
change of view arc many and impor
tant When a chemist is called to
court to give expert testimony tho law
accepts the results of science as iiual ;
but when the doctor testifies it is at
once evident that the medical and legal
points of view are * essentially difl'erent
and in conflict with one another. The
law is interested only in the question of
responsibility , and demands a "yes" or
"no" when a truly scientific answer
can not be given in that form. A
medico-legal case almost always pre
sents strange inconsistencies. The law
should certainly be as ready to accept
the testimony of science from the doe-
tor as from the chemist , and should re
member that they may both be equallj
valuable though not equally definite.
If such views as those urged by Dr.
Lombroso ever become the guiding
principles of the law courts , a great
and beneficial change in the treatment
of alleged insane criminals is sure to
follow. Our knowledge of these mark
ed classes is becoming sufficiently ac
curate and scientific to warrant a prac
tical application of these views in their
legal trials , and a theoretical apprecia
tion of them in our theories of ethics.
Farmers Can liaise Their Own Trout.
There are many farmers who own
trout streams , and would like to have
them restocked , and some others very
feebly attempt to do it by putting in a
few thousand young fish. This would
restock a small stream if it were done
every year for some years. But it is
folly to suppose that a large stream ,
which has been fished for years , and
thousands taken from it every year ,
can be restocked quickly by putting in
a few hundred , or even a few thousand
young fry. It is much easier to stock
a stream than to raise fish in ponds ,
because the young fish will take care of
themselves much better than anyone
can take care of them , and if they are
fn-otected from danger until they are
about forty-five days old which is
about the time the fish culttirist takes
charge of them until 'they are road } '
to feed , they are then tolerably able to
look out for themselves. In "stocking
a stream with trout , the young fish
should be taken to its head-water * , or
put into the springs ami little rivulets
ivliich empty into it. As they grow
larger , they will gradually settle down
stream , and run up again to the head
waters in the fall and winter to spawn.
When putting fish into a stream , do
not put them suddenly into water much
warmer than that of the \ essol in which
they have been transported. They
will notbe so likely to be injured by
Hitting them in water a few degrees
jolder ; but try to avoid all sudden
changes , and gradually raise or lower
the temperature oJ the water in which
voti bring them , until it is'even w.th
hat of the stream in which the } * are to
jlaccd. Perhaps , in no branch of li-.li
culture , are the results more immedi
ate , or more apparent , Hum in reatock-
ng streams. Very many inland streams
that were once inhabited by trout , are
now wholly depleted , not only of that
ish , but of'all others. They are beau
tiful , sparkling little streams , but so
ar as food-producing element goes ,
hey are valueless , and in a large rua-
ority of cases , they make a wonderful
eturn for the restocking.
No brook , that has once contained
rout , need be without them if the wat
ers remain , pure and cold. I believe
here are no waters more satisfactory
o stock than brook trout streams , be
cause they are always before you. In
stocking waters witii shad or salmon ,
hey migrate to the ocean , and only re-
urn once a j-ear for the purpose of
pawning ; with salmon-trout and white-
is ! ] , they stay most of the time in the [
leep waters of our lakes ; but brook-
rout remain where they are placed ,
nrow ; , and are caught among the resi
dents , and contribute directly to the
support and amusement of the people.
Streams that have been wholly worth-
le-s in producing food , can be once
more replenished , and be made a very
ralttable addition to the farm. Setfi
Green , in American Agriculturist.
She Took .the Pledge.
There is a little three-year-old tot ,
ivhose parents live on Fourth street ,
ivho is of a very reflective nature. Xot
ong ago , in company with her mother ,
; he was passing the police station. The
loor was open and two policemen were
; een around'a dirty , drunken man who
ay on the floor in a drunken stupor.
Hie little one was much imnressed by
he scene , and she asked her mother
vhy that man was lying there. She
vas told he was drunk. That night
> he was very uneasy in her sleep , and
if ter a few hours of restless to&sing
she gave a long sigh and muttered
slowly and determinedly : "I will never
jet dwunk as long as I live. " Fond
lu Lac Commonwealth.
Justly Celebrated.
"Do you know why we celebrate
IVashington's birthday ? " asked Mr.
lendricks of his son Bobby ; "why his
jirthday is honored more than than
nine , for instance ? "
"Oh , yes , " responded Bobby , proru-
Jy ; "George Washington never told a
ie. " New York Sun. \
} i
SUICIDES IN LARGE CITIES.
A dumber of Tables from "Which.
Certain Interesting Facts Are *
Gleaned.
An investigation into the causes of sui
cides furnishes few facts upon which to
formulate any theory that solf-destrnc-
tion is the resultant of social conditions.
Suicides is thorough individualism.
Tho somewhat empiracal philosopher ,
Buckle , howovefr says that "In any ;
given state of society a certain number
of persons must put an end to their
own lives. Suicides is merely the prod
uct of the general condition of society.
The individual felon only carries into
efl'ect what is a necessary coifsequenco
of preceding circumstances. " The fol
lowing specially obtained statistics give
the number of suicides in each of tho
leading cities in the United States dur
ing the year 1885 :
> "UJIBER OF SUICIDES.
New York 207 Boston 45
Chicago ,113 Cincinnati 44
Sail Francisco 1)4 ) New Orleans 89
St. Louis 79 Baltimore 2 $
Philadelphia 75 Newark . .23
Brooklyn . ' 50 Buffalo IS
The number of suicides to popula
tion , which is the only comparison of
value , is given below :
SUICIDES TO roruLATiox IN 1SS5.
San Fran'co.,1 to 2,300 Cincinnati. . ! to 7,300
St. Louis 1 to 5,100 Boston Ito 8.800
Chicago 1 to 5,700 Buffalo Ito 11,200
Xew Orl's. . . . ! to 0,000 1'hil'a Ito 12.000
New York. . . .1 to 0.700 Brooklyn. . . . ! to 14,000
Newark ItoG.DOO Baltimore. . . ! to 14'JOO
The above statistics show two curi
ous facts : 1. That the number of sui
cides to population is greater on tho
Pacific coast , and decreases in almost
an arithmetical ratio , city by city , until
the Atlantic coast is reached , 2. That
Brooklyn , which is practically a part
of the city of New York , has less than
half the number of suicides that tho
latter has. The census of 1880 places
the number of suicides in the United
States at 1 to 20,000 of population ,
while the statistics above show that tho
average in the twelve cities named is 1 to
8,450 , which indicates that self-destruc
tion is nearly two and a half times
_ cities than in tho
towns and villages.
Research shoVs that tho details of
suicides in New York apply generally
to the other cities mentioned , and in
fact to the whole country. This is
shown by the following record of the
ages of suicides in Xew York during
1885 compared with those in the Uni
ted States for the census year :
New United
Ages. York. States.
10 to 15 13-
to 20 S 141
20 to-Jo 2o 2oO
lito.TO 22 350
: $0to.r $ 0 9S 995
50to70 47 703
70toSO 7 153
Total 207 2,511
* One 00 years.
The methods of self destruction were
various , but the principal means com
pared with those shown in the census
record were as follows :
New Unitdd
Means employed. York. States.
Shooting 70 473
Poisoning 5 < J 335
Hanging IS4 154
* \\\\\MJZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! L . . .
Drowning 7
All others 23 1,330
Total 207 2,511
Of thu total number of suicides in
New York , 55 were native born , 152
were foreign born , 167 wore mules , and
40 were females. Those who were mar
ried numbered 83 ; widowers and wid
ows , 2(5 ( ; singleperson , ( JO , and 58
whose martial relations were unknown.
The record of occupations of those
who sought death at their own hands
ought to throw some light upon the
question as to whether poverty is to
any great extent the cause of suicide.
It dous not , however. The statistics
are as follows :
Number.
Professional occupations 5
Mechanical occupations 49
Other occupations 7 < i
Unknown 77
Total , .207
-Loslon Globe.
The Boarding-House in "Washington.
The boarding-house women of Wash
ington are numbered by thousands.
There are two classes of these. The
first merely rent rooms and the second
give board : is well. It is a great busi
ness here at Washington for women to
take large houses , paying from § 75 to
$300 per month for them , and then to
sublet the rooms to gentlemen or to
families as the case may be. They re
ceive , as a rule , as much for their
ground floor rooms as they pay for the
whole house , and there have been in
stances in which women have made
themselves room-rent
independent by -
ing. One hundred dwllars and more is
not an uncommon rent here for a coup
le of furnished rooms in a good loca
tion , and § 50 and37.3 are often gotten
for two rooms on the second Hoor. A
good third lloor front room will bring
§ 25 , and a house that rents for § 100 a
month unfurnished will often bring in
$200 or $250 if furnished and sublet ,
besides giving a room for the landlady.
A number of landladies make money
here keeping boarding-houses , and tho
one who entertained W. D. Howells
during his last sojourn in Washington
has been able to buy the house in which
she lives , which is worth about $40,000 ,
and is now starting a new hotel near
the treasury. Of course her success ia
phenomenal , but there are numerous
others who arc doing well in a similar
way , and the number of those who
make their living by feeding others is
legion. Cor. Cleveland Leader.
A Practical College Education.
"Charles , " said a fond Philadelphia
mother to the son wlio had just grad
uated from Harvard , "I see in the
papers that France has expelled its
princes. Can vou tell me what it was
for ? "
"Well , mother , you see I played with
the Harvard nine and pulled stroke oar
in the eight , and had no time to either
read or study. I guess , however , they
were expelled for selling base-ball
games and giving tips to the pool
rooms. " Philadelphia Herald.