Jot-ce of 96,000 men , a force large enougl
lorany probable necessity during the re-
maider of this century.
-Che militia and volunteers of the states
would soon follow suit , and we should have
throughout the country these small hand v
uattalions of four companies , instead of
"io largecuinbersomercgiments of ten com
panies a bad tactical unit , and in practice-
always scattered. "
_ As to this the secretary of war , Mr.
Lincoln says :
The report of thegeneral of the army has
a special interest in being the last annual
report that General Sherman will make.
At Ins own request he has been relieved
from the command of the army , prepara
tory to his retirement from active service
under the act of 1882. He has , therefore ,
thought it best to refrain from making any
new recommendations in his report , leav
ing that duty to his successor in the com
mand , of the army , Lieutenant-Genera ]
faheridnn. He , however , calls attention to
and renews a former recommendation that
a new organization be adopted for the regi
ments of infantry , so that erfch shall be
be composed of twelve companies , making
three battalions of four companies each ,
each company having one hundred men ;
and that in time of peace two of these bat
talions shall be maintained on a perfect
war footing , while the other battalion may
be a mere skeleton , with its complement of
officers , and be used as a nucleus for re
cruits. The great advantage of this change ,
as suggested by the general , is the im-
important ono of being able to put a large '
and effective force in the field , on 'short
notice , by merely enlisting a sufficient
number of additional private soldiers , the
officers and organization being always
ready to receive them.
1884 General Sheridan , being in com
mand of the army , says :
Were I called upon to recommend any
change whatever , it would be simply to
make a uniform organization for the three
arms of the service
by adding two com
panies and the corresponding majors to
each regiment of infantry.
And in this the secretary of war
concurs. In bis report for 1885 he
again says he would "increase the
number of men in the companies and
add t\vo majors to each regiment of in
fantry , " and Secretary Eudicott hopes
it may be done and "the three arms of
the service be made uniform. "
Ignoring , however , these well-con
sidered recommendations , and casting
aside "the European intelligence that
discards and the Oriental obtuseness
that retains" the
old-time-ten-company
battalion , let us examine the case upon
its merits. General Graham , tnan
whom there is no better authority ,
suj-s :
3fc ? formation of infantry for battle
must be such as to favor to the utmost
the effect of its own fire , and to minimize
the damage done by that of the enemy.
IN. So , first considering the change in
arms since the last war , let us then pass
to the change in the line of battle that
must follow to enable the infantry , the
bone and. sinew of the army , to be
effectively used on the field of battle.
In a quarter of a century we have
progressed from the muzzle-loading ,
smooth-bore musket to the breech-load
*
ing rifle. The muzzle-loader meant at
most two , and usually one , shot a min
ute , with uncertainty of aim , execution V
at not exceeding 400 and no assurance
of a death-dealing shot at over 200 re
yards. The breech-loader means firing
six times a minute , with accuracy of
aim , carrying the dearly missile 2,000
yards. The increase of effective range d
is therefore over five times ; .which be
means that if it would take an st
advancing line four minutes to pass n
over the shorter space of 400 yards it tliV
would take it twenty minutes to pass \V
over the greater distance of 2,00) yards. oi
Practically ; however , it ceuld not pass h
over the greater space at so rapid a y
. gait , and it is safe to say that the power or
of the present arm for inflicting loss of csm
life upon an advancing line is at least m
10 , and perhaps 20 , to 1 in relation to in
the weapon used during the late war fr
In the same tactical formation of in in
inai
fantry probably fifteen men would lie ai
killed where one was killed with the 2C
fortner fire-arm. Add to this the power 01w
ful machine guns now used , snch as the w
Galling and Hotchkiss , and the rate of "
death to the closed files -double rank ce
would be terribly increased. This it is cepi
that makes the present single-battalion ,
double-rank formation -suicidal'one behi
and that has caused its abandonment in hi
other civilized nations. For a line to tl
live under these changed conditions er
means that it shall he a single line , with al
intervals or spaces between the men ic
who are to receive attack , or make si
assault. The length of line of the pres tiiw
ent one thousand men of a regiment , in w
double rank , without intervals , is about ef
300 yards , and in single 600 yards.
Every regimental commander of our to
late Avar will appreciate the difficulty of jc
commanding even this length of line. In 1
the din of battle neither voice nor bugle- 1ai
note can easily be heard. The noise of 3CP
conflict has been greatly intensified by P
the introduction of the breech-loading
repeating fire-arm. PJCi
Ci
Von Scherfl , the great German mili
tary writer , referring to the 1'ranco-
Prussian war , says :
Itwas very difficult for officers to keep bi
their men together , because of the noise of tr
a close conflict between breech-loader and to
breech-loader. toLi
Li
Let the single line be lengthened by ni
intervals between the files , as it must tb
now be , and how powerless would Pi
anv colonel be to control and command hi
his"regiment. . He absolutely needs the ev
three battalion formation with a sub st
ordinate commander , a major , for each tic
i/v battalion. Ho can not even personally
/ command one and supervise the action en
of the others , for with the battalions an
properly placed according to modern miS anmi
tactics , each in rear of the other , the ( S
first with its skirmishers and support-
in"lines and columns holding a front
to
and of 400 , the
of 200 yards a depth Ca
second and third battalions in column Cai
with space of about 250yards interven Fi"i
ing with a total depth ( owing to the far "i
penetrating power of the modern arm ) Fi
of about 1,000 yards , being about the Fi
depth of a division prepared for battle
as it was formed in the three-line Se
brigade organization during our war ,
the"colonel commanding could not only Se"i
not be heard , but in most cases he could i
not see his command. The lieutenant- }
colonel , as the title implies , is needed Scf f
as the lieutenant or general assistant of i
the colonel , and the majors command- S *
in ° - battalions become an absolute \
necessity * for successful warfare. So
To sum up the tactical matter , the 3
old line-of-battle formation and during
our civil war "now belongs to the past ap
as completely as the Macedonian pha
F lanx , and the general who would use it pn
I
5
.vould simply invite the murder of his
army and sacrifice tbe cause of his
country on the altar of imbecile con-
servatism. " The present organization
'
< s objection ab'le in that it has no exi
pansive power and must be total/y
changed in time of war , thus violatii
a familiar military maxim that "the
plan , of an army should be the same in
time of peace as in time of war. " The
bill before us proposes a regiment in
time of peace of twelve companies of
fifty men each , comprising the three
battalions so urgently nedeed. It would
have its full complement of officers at
the outbreak- war and would simply
need the order of the secretary of war
to recruit its ranks to the maximum
and the force of six hundred would
become twelve hundred men. A war
footing would be reached promptly ,
without the delay incident to calling
new battalions into life , and , as com
pared with the formation of new regi
ments , with great economy. This rapid
expansion would permit the speedy
crushing out of any hostile demons trat
tion.
An important incident flowing from
passage of this bill is promotion to the
infantry branch of the service. Fifty
captains will be made majors , one hun-
'dred first lieutenants will be made cap
tains , one hundred and fifty second
lieutenants will be made first lieuten- i
ants , and two hundred second lieutcnj j
ants would be commissioned provided
ilt is deemed best to fully officer the i
third : battalion of each regiment. Since
the reorganization of the army , imme
diately after the war , promotion has
been at a halt in the infantry branch ,
tie its great injury. In the other arms ,
except as to lieutenants of artillery , it
has been reasonably rapid. Jn the staff ,
engineer , and ordnance corps it has
been quite so.
Every second lieutenant of engineers
of : 1861-62 reached major's rank over
ttsi years ago , and many graduates'
since the war in that corps are majors
to-day. No fault can be found with
this , but by reflection it acts injuriously
tla the infantry , the officers of which ,
as : one of them has observed , "have
apparently ] received the tactical com- '
mand : 'mark time ! march ! ' which , while
itP' stimulates marching , admits of no
progression. ' " Promotion is needed to
Keep a proper esprit dc corps. 31 broad
01hi an officer's experience andgives
him an incentive to do good work. Kb
business man would feel that he was
doing < right in keeping an efficient em
ploye in the same grade for a quarter of
a century. Advancing years mean in
creased family and other cares and
greater responsibility. It has been well
said by a naval officer , writing upon a
subject akin this :
The enforced continuance in subordinate
stations can not fail to tell upon even the
best men. The tendency of such a system
is to make mere routine men , to substitute
apathy and indolence for zeal and energy.
* * Officers who grow old in their grade
and without promotion are but little en
couraged to exercise their own powers of
volition. They come to regard themselves
aspartofamachine. * * "a 'Self-reliance ,
resolute action , readiness of resource , and
reHi exercise of individual judgment are all
trampled out by this stagnation.
trd There are lieutenants of infantry to
day ! who served during the war of re
bellion who , under the existing circum
stances , will consider themselves fortu
nate if on reaching the age of sixty-four
they will be able to retire as captains.
With children grown to manhood these
officers , some of them grandfathers , pji
hold a rank always associated with §
youth and its physical activity. I have
one officer in mind , and I mention his ea
case simply because he is a type of
many , who served with distinction dur Wi
ing all the late war ; has been on the to
frontier ever since faithfully perform ar
ing his duty ; been in the Indian wars Pi
and stands to-day beyond the number g1
200 on the list of captains. In but little ac
over twenty years he will be retired la
with the bars and not the leaf or eagle lagi
upon ] his shoulders. This gallant offi gi
cer is in the slough of despond. The yc
passage of this bill will lift him out. se
I would not urge tli's bill simply
because of the incidenc of promotion , ca
but the existing stagnation is so great caTl
that many bills are before , congress foni
endeavoring to recognize that necessity ni
alone , whereas this bill in accomplish ar
ing the proper construction of the phy pt
sical > machine of the army pays atten 8
tion also to that axiom of war that le
without promotion an army cannot be ftl
effective. th
A few words upon the cost incident at
this change and I will leave the sub Si
ject upon which I have unnecessarily to
prolix. The cost of maintaining the lit
army for the fiscal year ending June CO
, 1886 , is : ce
Pay of officers and enlisted 00
men § 12,205,000 in
Pations of enlisted men 1,800,000 00
Clothing of enlisted men 1,250,000
§ 15,255,000 AVI
But little additional expenditures will nc
bring about the the ex
great good to coun
try that I have endeavored to set forth va
to-day. Eesponding to my request , as
Lieutenant-General Sheridan has fur ta
nished me with a detailed statement of of
the total cost of adding the full com tic
plement of officers and the twenty-five cie
hundred enlisted men needed to bring in
every company up to the full peace sp
standard ; on the three battalion forma tin
tion. I give it in full : pe
the
Analysis and summary of the annual in
crease in pay of officers and payrations ,
and clothing allowance of enlisted men
under the provisions of the Manderson bill th ;
S. 137. )
OFFICERS.
ne
Increase in pay of each officer promoted
higher grade :
he
Captains of txventy years' service to
majors § 920 feem
First lieutenants of over twenty years' m (
service to captains 420 jet
First lieutenants of between fifteen and its
twenty 1 years'service to
captains 390 ass
First lieutenants of between ten and
to
fifteen 1 years' service to captains 3GOi
Second lieutenants of over twenty I ) ut
years' service to first lieutenants 140 a c
Second lieutenants of between fifteen ch
and twenty years' service to first I ! ]
lieutenants 130 let
Second lieutenants of between ten and co ,
fifteen years' service to first lieuten
ants 120 ity
Second lieutenants of between five and it :
ten years' service to first lieutenants 110 3
Second lieutenants of less than five ref
years * service to first lieutenants 100 affi
The annual pay of each of the newly- 1
ippointed second lieutenants
would be
1
51,400.
All of the fifty captains who would be foU
promoted to majors have served over , nd
twenty yearn ; tlio total increase in their
pay would then be 540,000.
Uf the one hundred first lieutenants pro
moted to he captains seventy-two have
over twenty years of service , twenty-three
between fifteen and twenty years' service ,
and five between ten and fifteen years' ser
vice < ; the total increase in their pay would
then be 541,010.
Of the ono hundred and fifty second lieu
tenants promoted to be first lieutenants ,
two have over twenty years of service ,
eight between 'fifteen and twenty years ,
forty-six between ten and fifteen years ,
1 eighty-seven between five and ten years ,
and seven less than five yeai-s of service ;
the total increase in their pay would-then
be 517.110.
The grand total or increase of pay for
the officers promoted would then be $104-
120. Two hundred second lieutenants
would be added to the army ; their pay
would be 5280,000. The aggregate of
these two last sums , or 5384,120 , ex
presses the total annual increase charge
able to officers' pay as affected by the bill.
ENLISTED MEN .
Each company of infantry as constituted
by law contains ' one first sergeant , four
sergeants , four corporals , two artificers ,
two musicians , one wagoner , and thirty-
six privates ; their pay and allowances are
given in the following table :
S
3 ,
\
1
* Average annual value of allowance.
NOTE. Daily value of rations average 20
cents for each non-commissioned officer
and private.
As a matter of fact many infantry com
panies do not contain more than forty in
stead of fifty men , as stated in the organ
ization given above ; the computation as
to the cost of maintenance of a company
is therefore , in the following table , given
upon the basis of fifty and also of forty en-
3
Thus an expenditure of SI.000,000
would place us where we should be as
tne infantry arm of the United States
army. The actual cost of the full com
plement would be less , in fact. The
graduating class at the West Point
academy this year is declared to be the
largest in number , and the highest in
efficiency " that institution has evper
graduated" . There will be seventy-eight
"
young men , fairly grounded "in the
science of war , at great expense to the
government , to be placed where they
can do their country some service.
There will be but thirty-nine vacancies
for them to fill , bu ; the other thirty-
nine will undoubtedly be added to the
army as additional lieutenants. The
pay of these , amounting to nearly
8110,000 , should be deducted , thus
leaving ; the amount § 900,000. Still
further reductions might be made in
the estimate. If the companies are left a
forty men each the cost is $932,000.
Suppose it should be deemed advisable is
promote but one hundred second
lieutenants , leaving the two'additional
companies without that subaltern oili-
cer , the saving would be about 8140-
000 , thus obtaining a fair measure of
improvement at an increase of $800-
000 per annum. "
We should not confound parsimony
with ecenomy. True economy consists
not in penurious expenditures , but in
exercising care that one gets the full
value of money expended. Spending a
we do $15,000,000 annually'to main
tain our army , we do not get the worth
our money ; for the obsolete organiza
tion I have described makes it ineffi
cient , a broken staff to lean upon
the hour of danger. Let us
spend $1,000,000 more , and we will get
worth of the entire amount ex yer
pended , and the first war will show PI
economical wisdom of having thus his
prepared for it. An army officer has hipp
jiven me a homely but apt illustration ppW
hat ! I will present. lit
Let us suppose that a frontiersman litmi
iceds a rille to protect himself from dc
javage foes. We will say that for $15 so
can get one of old model , with de to
tective mechanism , which at the critical be
nomcnt may miss fire. For $16 he can ca
a rifle of approved pattern , true to
aim and sure to deal death to any
issailant. To buy the former would be EU
save a dollar and risk destruction , Se
should the frontiersman make such res
choice his mistaken economy would be S °
iharacterized : as the grossest stupidity. ceira
need not make application. Do not ; ra
us be so stupid , but pursue the he
lourse thac has De
everymilitary author-
worthy of consideration to support Ui
and none against it. have
Mr. President , I move that the bill be ivas
eferred to the committee on military mi
.flairs. eg :
The motion was agreed to. ind
Mr. MANDERSOtf introduced the an
ollowing bill ; which was read twice , lea
Co
ordered to lie on the table.
lor
A bill to increase the efficiency of the in
fantry branch of the arnvy.
Whereas experience has shown that the
three battalion organization-of the cavalry
and artillery branches of the nrmv is tlut
most useful in time of peace and best
"Inptod to expansion in time of war :
Therefore ,
lie it unacted bv the senate and house of
representatives oi the United States of
America in congress assembled , That
section 1100 of the revised statutes of the
United States of America be amended so
as to read jis follows :
"Each infantry regiment shall consist of
twelve compan es , one colonel , one lieuten
ant-colonel , three majors , one adjutant ,
one quartermaster , one sergeant-major ,
one quartermaster-sergeant , and one chief
musician , who shall be instructor of music ,
and two principal musicians. The adju
tant and the quartermaster shall be extra
lieutenants selected from the first or
second lieutenants of the regiment : Pro
vided , That all appointments to the
original vacancies above the grade of
second lieutenant created by this act shall
be filled by seniority in the infantry arm of
the service. "
A DandyVltiiess. .
Jim McSnifter was being tried in San An
tonio for trying to bribe a colored witness ,
Sam Johnsing , to testify falsely.
' 'You say this defendant offered you a
bribe of $50 to testify in his behall ? " said
Dawyer Gouge to Sam Johnsing.
"Yes , sah. "
"Now repeat precisely what he said , using
his own words. "
"He said he would git me 550 if I "
"He can't have used those words. He
didn't speak as a third person. "
"No , sail , he tuck good keer dat dar was
no third pusson present. Dar was only us
two. Do fendant am too smart ter hab
anybody listen ! n1 when he am talking
about his own raskelity. "
"I know that well enough , but lie spoke
to you in the first person , didn't he ? "
"I was de fust pusson , myself. "
"You don't understand me. When ho
was talking to you did he use the words , 'I
will pay you $50. ' "
"No , boss ; ho didn't say nuffin about
you payin" he $50. Yore name wasn't
mentioned , "ceptin * dat he tole me ef eber I
got inter a scrape dat you was de best law
yer in San Antone to fool de jedge and
jury. "
"You can step down. " [ Texas Sittings.
ABU fertile JUlkniloVorwMpers. .
It is a custom among the Chinese to give
several dollars to the man who is first to
report to a family the fact that their sen
has received the degree of Ku Yan. A
numbe- men determined to avail them-
selves of the opportunity of making money
which such a custom presented. These
men armed themselves with knives and pis
tols , which they concealed under their cloth
ing. Others of them held leaflets , which
are regularly sold in the streets during an
examination. These leaflets contain the
names of the successful candidates. Thus
prepared they proceed to the house of a
man named Ho. The foremost usan went
to the door to congratulate the lamily on
its good fortune. The second report was
close at his heels , n 'id then followed the
men with the leaflets. The men marched
inside and then revealed their , true mission.
They then robbed the house of some thou-
sand'dollars in money and clothing. On
coining out their congratulations were long
and loud. At the door they fired off their
crackers , thus thoroughly deluding the
neighbors , and amid the noise and uproar
of a pretended family rejoicing , got away.
The hard pait of the luck is the fact that
no member of the Ho family hud got a de-
rree.
Etiquette.
The ctiquettee of the "At Home" is by
no means the etiquette of the ball , the
lunch , orthedinncr. People talking of send
ing "regrets" in response to an ' at homo"
which is not at all the thing to do. If
a lady is not able to be pro&ent she
has but to mail her card to arrive
on the afternoon on which the tea is given ,
and later when the hostess looks over her
cards she discovers who were present in
person and who acknowledged her invita- .
ly
tion by sending cards. The "At Home" is
;
a miscellaneous affair , and special accept st
ances or regrets are quite out of foFi
place. The practice of removing the Fi
tii
bonnet at lunch is almost exclu
tc
sively confined to Boston. In New York Fo
no lady would dream of removing her bon er
net at lunch any more than she would in enWJ
church. In the dining-rooms at the Wind WJ
sor and the Victoria it is exceptional to see
wi
lady without a bonnet at the luncheon of
hour , while in Boston , at the Vendome , it ro
exceptional to see one with her hat , un- to
less it is a transient guest. [ Boston Trav-
*
cller.
,
of
A Careful "Widow. tr
"I can furnish a stained-wood coffin ,
madam"said the undertaker to the widow ,
"that cannot be distinguished from the It
genuine mahogany , and comes much
cheaper. "
"The stained-wood will do , " replied the N :
grief-stricken womn , and then she went into tic
dry goods store. Al
"What quality of madam ? " in
crape , of :
quired the dealer , gently. .Jo
"T thebest , " said madamwith difficulty .JoHi
repressing a sob. [ New York Times. of
f < >
n.s Good as Xe\v. 300
As an evening train AVUS pulling intoSaw- cia
City on the Buffalo , New York and wli
00 )
Philadelphia railroad , a young man and
00
best girl happened to be the only occu 111
pants of the roar coach. The young man jut
was improving each opportunity to do a on
little hugging and kissing just at the mo coi :
ment the brukeman stuck his head into the vas
WJ
door and yelled : "Saw-ycr ! Saw-yer ! " As Yo
soon as the young man recovered , he re 51
torted : "I don't care if you did ; we've bu
been engaged more than two weeks. " [ Chi tin
tin
cago Times. Bo
A. telegram was received announcing rcs , '
sudden death of Hon. John G. Thompson , ex-
Sergeant-al-arms of the National House of rep
resentatives , at Seattle , "W. T. , where he had
gone as land agent , an appointment he had re
ceived from the President last August. The
iramediated cause of death was dropsy of the
heart , with which he bad been troubled since '
December last Mr. Thompson was born In
Union county , Ohio , Feb. 7 , 1S33 , and would hid
been fifty years of age in a few days. He e'
twice a member of the Ohio Senate , Com
missioner of Railroads for Ohio , .twice a del-
ion
sgate to the National Democratic Convention ,
for three terms of
congress Sergeant-al
arms of the house of Representatives. He
leaves a wife and four children , who reside al
Columbs , Ohio , the remains will be taken there
Xa Ef IJTE SIZEXT TOStB ,
Tlie Mortal Remain * of Gen , Hancock Zalil
Awaiat Jforrtslown , 1'a.
The funeral of Gtn. Hancock took placa
on the llUh. At 10 o'clock Trinty church ,
New York , was reached by the carriages
containing the pall-bearers , who followed
the casket into the sacred ediffca in the fol-
lowing order : Secretary of State Bayard ;
Gen. Sherman ; Lieut.-Gen. Sheridan ; Maj.t
Gen. Schofield ; Gen. Franklin ; Brig.-Gen.
Fry ; Brig.-Gen. Terry ; Brig.-Gen. Miles ;
Brig.-Gen. Newton ; Brig.-Gen. Wilcox ; Gen.
Walker ; J.V. . . Hartshorn , Col. W. P. Wil
son and Maj. D. W. Miller. Trinity church
bore no trace of mourning save a white
cross on a black border which rested upon
the pulpit. The casket was deposited on n
catafalque in front of the altar. The choir
chanted "Lord let me know my end , " after
which Kev. Goodwin , of Governor's Island ,
read the lesson. The choir sang "Hock of
Ages , " and the services were concluded by
Itev. Dr. Morgan Dix reading the Lord's
prayer , after which the funeral piocession
re-formed , and to the strains of the "Dead
March in Saul , " marched down the aisle to
the main entrance , where the casket was
once more placed in the hearse.
The funeral train made the journey from
Jersey City to Norristown , Pa. , with no
untoward incident. All along the route
the people , men , women and children , were
out to see the passage uf the black-robed
cars , testifying to their respect and honor
for the brave defender of the union. Afc
Philadelphia committees representing the
Loyal Legion and citizens awaited the
train. Among th'e distinguished Pennsyl-
vanians there gathered were Gov. Pattison
and ex-Govs. Hoyt and Hartranft. The
train reached Norristown at U:40 p. in.
The procession was at once formed , con-
sisling of the pall-bearers , town council ,
Hancock veterans of Philadelphia , Zouk
post G. A. It. , Masonic organizations and
citizens. The procession filed through
Main street , which was crowded with
people to site of the tomb on the hill over
looking the city. Several thousand people
had gathered at that point and the Loyal
Legion and Zook post formed a cordon
around the tomb to keep the crowd back.
The hearse at length reached the sepulchre
and sergeants of the Fifth artillery Iffted
the heavy casket and , eight on a side , with
reliefs on hand , slowly led the way around
the last bend of the general's last journey.
The pall-bearers had alighted and formed
1S each side of the remains. Secretary of
State Bayard walked level with the head of
the coffin and half his colleagues followed ,
while Gen. Sherman led the file on the op
posite side with Secretary of War Endicott
next him , Ger. . Sheridan was next behind
Bayard. There was no pause at the en
trance of the tomb , regulars carrying the
casket ; directly inside , and where they
rolled it into a niclu' that was waiting.
As the body was passed through the
gateway of the tomb the first of three sal
vos were fired froin tlie hillside by the light
battery of Fort Hamilton. Then came
forward the bh.e coated messenger from
the widow. He bore two wreaths of mar
guerites. Upon one , in purple immortelles ,
was the word "daughter , " and the other
bore the word "husband. " The upper
right-hand niche was opened and upon the
casket of the general's daughter was placed
one of the tokens from the widow , while
the other was placed upon the general's
daughter's casket. Then the marble blocks
were &et in position and sealed. Then , aa
the regulars withdrew from the sepulchre , a
bugler came out from the ranks and stand
ing upon the gentle slope sounded the last
1 taps" for Gen. Hancock. The bearers re-
entered their carriages , the gate of the
tomb was fastened , and the thousands
melted away through the snow-wet paths
and down the hillsides to the town , and
the last rites were ended.
A. GItE.ll TJSJI1 > ER.IXCE O1UTOR DJEJD.
John .B. Gonyli Vies front the Effects of a °
Stroke of Paralysis.
John B. Gough , the eloquent temperance tl
leeturej , died on the 18th at the residence tlO
of Dr. R. Bruce Burns , in Fr.xnkfort , Pa. ,
where he was taken a few nights previous
when stricken with paralysis while lectur
ing at the Frankfort Presbyterian church. a
j1
His wife was at the bedside when he died. II
It has been recalled that the last words IIn
spoken by Cough were , "Young men , make
your record clean. "
[ John B. Gough was 04 years old , having
been born in Pennsylvania in 1822. His pa
rents were poor , and both died when he was V
very young. He was reared among thelow-
liest people of the mining regions , and never
attended school after his eleventh year. Wl
When a young man he drank immoderate
_
, and became a drunkard of the mostdis- 611
justing character. Suddenly , by main 611P"
"
strength of will he"forsook P"
personal , forsook his
former companions and stopped drinking. P"Y
From that time he began to study at such Y
times as he could , and without anv instruc 5
tor. When 22 he took to the lecture plat-
form , and devoted himself to the mosc en
ergetic temperance work , in which he was fir
engaged until his death. Oneof his avowals a-
was that he had years before offered a sol
emn praye. that if he ever spoke in public
without making some reference to the evils ive
drink , his tongue should cleave to the It
roof of his mouth and his right hand refuse his
do his bidding. Mr. Gough had a won
derful memory , and an endle > s fund of
striking stories illustrative of the terrible an
consequences of intemperance. Hf was one anMi
the best anecdotal lecturers in the coun GO
try , and was always in great demand.
THE GRE.I T jy HIYIXTEKEST. rec
is ItciiHj Entirely Jlithmd IKJ Jiuse Imita atWl
tion. * . WlI
The sixth animal convention of the
National Agricultural and Dairy associa mi
tion was opened at New York on the 10th. whI
About .sixty delegates from various parts
the country were present. President Sin
Joseph H. Real made the opening addre > s. tro
spoke of the growth of the manufacture' ind
artificial butter. Dairymen every whore j fan ;
'o'liid their vocation ruined. The 18.000- >
milch cows in flic country had depre
lair
dated $10 per head , and the land on
ivhirli they were kept , something over 7.- poi
)00,000 acres , worth nominalv ! § 1,000- rith
)00,000This was not brought about Iica
Ihrough ! honest and fair competition. { - .
in consequence of the most
ju'rageous and glaring fraud that for
ould be practiced , for the substitute gen
not sold to the consumer for what it Bui
vas. but as butter. The people of New
falc
fork city alone were paying no less than
510,000,000 for stuff they-supposed to be
Hitter and which ijrought to the innnnrac- T
urer one-half profit. Some 700 grocers of
city have refused to di-al in the article. at t
Boston , New York. Cleveland , Baltimore. ida
'incinnati , Louisville and St. Louis have one
urge IJOSUH butter factories , while Chicago sha
nanufactuvs more bogus butter than all eacl
tiicr cities together. Something must be den
lone to htop this encroachment upon the ben
lairy interests. The name of the body was it iv
hanged to American Agricultural associa- nial
ion. G. II. Read , of New York , was elected y.oi ,
resident and F. K. Moreland , of New
'ork. secretary , with a number of vice pres-
lents. The convention endorsed Mr.
well's bill and recommended its
-
passJ <
'
Dul '
Anderson county voted on the
proposi- ing
to subscribe 5100.000
to the capital por
tock of the Kansas , Nebraska & Dakota Am
ailroad. The bonds were defeated" by no\\
ver200 majority. Itwas one of the most lian
the
itterly contested elections ever held in the we !
ounty. trer
STE2V TT1IO XA1TDI& THE .V.ilZS.
TThat Was Done In 1'hcir National Cbnren-
tion Held at Chtca'jo.
At the second day's session of thePost-
nuistcra * National convention held in Chi
cago the committee on mailing letters rec-
oinmcnded to congress that postal clerks
be supplied with cards , and they shall enter
thereon all letters , cards and papers , and
their denomination and return to the mail
ing point , and that the respective post-
offices receive credit for all such mails. The
committee on resolutions made the follow
ing report :
We , representatives of the United States
of the third ami fourth classes , in national
convention assembled , hereby resolve :
Firnt That we point with prde to the
postal system of the United States as built
up and extended by successive administra
tions of the national government until it
stands to-day a marvel of simplicity , econ
omy and efficiency , transacting the most
complicated and laborious of public busi
ness , with such facility , convenience and
dispatch as to command'the respect and
confidence of the nation.
Second That in the president's recom
mendations to congress relative to postal
affairs , we recognize Mr.Cluveland'rt admin
istration as a worthy successor to any
which preceded it , and in Postmaster-Gen
eral Vilas ami Assistant Postmaster-Gen
eral Stcphenson we recognize earnest and
consistent < champions of every valuable
improvement in the postal service and in
the conditions of its employes ; that we
realize the i dative position which third
and fourth-class postmaster * retain to the
public , and that we earnestly reromniL-nd
that ] each individual postmaster consist
ently study public convenienceanil in every
way possible aid thedejiartment in making
the service more efficient and of greater
usefulness to the public.
Thiid That the present operation of the
postal regulations , fixing salaries and al
lowances of third and luurth-chi.ss post
master , has been found by practical experi
ence to work great hardship to incumbents
of these offices , the reasonable demands of
the public as to convenience in the hand
ling of mail making the administration of
these offices very expensive in proportion
to the salaries allowed , these expenses hav
ing to be borne entirely by postmasters
out of their slender salaries , and in all
cases consume a larger proportion of it
and in most cases more than three-quar
ters of it , leaving them as a return for the
entire time devoted to the postal service of
the public in positions of great responsibil
ity and constant labor and watchfulness a
compensation which is entirely inadequate
and out of proportion to the fabor and re
sponsibility involved.
Fourth That we recognize in the Post
masters' National association , as the
oider is to be formed by this association ,
the official representative of the third iiiid
fourth-class postmasters of the United
States. To them we delegate the duty of
preparing a memorial to congress .specify
ing in particular the irregularities in the
present postal law as affecting salaries and
compensation , authorizing them to pre
pare and have submitted to con-
press suitable legislation looking to re
lief ; that to our senators and represen
tatives in congress we recommend the. e ,
qur representatives , respectfully unking for
them patient hearing and equitable con
sideration of claims which they may pre
sent , having the utmost confidence that
the representatives of the people in con
gress will afford to their postal servants
sufficient means to fairly mcejb the reason
able requirements of the people in regard to
the proper administration of their offices.
The resolutions were heartily applauded
and adopted without question.
'I he committee on money orders recom
mended that letters of advice be abolished
Tilai cumbersome , and that the name of the
payee ' and remitter be written in the face
of ' "the order and a copy entered on the
stub after the style of the present postal
note. The committee also recommend
that the fees charged on issuing money
orders ! be reduced and graded as follows :
follows : 51 to 510. 8 cents ; 510 to 515 ,
30 cents ; 515 to 530,15 cents ; 530 to 550 ,
21a cents. Itwas resolved to appoint an
advisory < committee of five to work in con
junction ( with the national committee. J.
II. Patterson was made a member of the
national committee.
POLITICAL.
Mrs. Senator Stanford's diamonds are
valued at-51,000,000.
Little Lotta pays taxes on 5179,200
worth of property in Boston.
Dr. Mary Walker wears one of those
small short overcoats. She calls it her
petty " coat. *
Joe Howard , it is said , will leave the New
York Herald and work on the World at
5150 : a week.
It is said that Clara Louise Kellozis a
first-class cook. If Clara wishes to hear of
place ] at § ! J a week , now is her chance.
Evangelist Moody has refused the seduct
offer of 55,000 to sit for his portrait.
is not known why he is afraid to show
: face.
Ex-Marshal ] Bazaineis f-tout and bloated
mid careless about his dress. lie Jives in
Madrid , but is not recognized by tip top
society.
,
Eugene Field , the wit of the Chicago News ,
recently made hi.s debut as a public reader
Indianapolis , along with Bill Xye and J.
tVhitcomb Uiley.
Edward Atkinson , the political ccono-
nist : , wears an eight dollar suit of clothes
vhile delivering his lectures on cheap living.
Eighty-seven years .Id next month ,
sinion Cameron is hale
and hearty , never
roubled with dyspepsia or rheumatism ,
almost as observant of political af-
iirs as ever.
Mark Twain , with his long an : ! bushy
, with its frequent lines
of gray , is re-
lorted as looking like an unkempta miller
a liberal sprinkling of flour on his
ead.
Miss Cleveland is becoming quite famous
her bon mots. In reply to a western
jntleman. who asked her if shehailed from
luffalo , she said : "Yes , we hail homBuf-
. and we reicn here. "
1 SHORT WRESTLING HATCH.
The catch-as-catch-can wrestling match
Chicago < between Evan Lewis and Mat-
Sorakichi was decided in less than
minute. Scarcely had the wrestlers
liakon hands when the two were rolling
other other about on the floor. Sud-
enly Lewis seized the Jap's left leg and
it over his own by main strength till
was dislocated. Lewis was awarded the
latch , but was hissed without stint by the
,000 people present.
JtULE FOR IREL.IXT ) .
John Dillon presided at a meeting of the
'ublin branch of the National league meet-
held in Dublin and made several im-
ortant declarations in his address ,
mong other things , Dillon said : "We are
on the eve of achievinga national par-
nment for Ireland. We will only accept
completest form of home-rule. When
have that , then I and other Irish ex-
emists will join hands with Englishmen. "
