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About Hemingford herald. (Hemingford, Box Butte County, Neb.) 1895-190? | View Entire Issue (Sept. 4, 1896)
MMINGFOltD HERALD. TltOS. J. O'KUMFITR, I'lililUlmr. IIEMINQFOIID, NEBRASKA. Many a man hnB lost popularity b causa ho could not talk -without do claiming. Several men have alrcndy gono crazy rer politics, and, only think, tho fun luw Just begun. A notablo thing among politicians la tho fact that personal cnorates aro gen erally members of tho samo party. During tho last ton dnya a Georgia man has tvrltten thirty campaign poems and rocoircd two offers to go on tho etago. If It proves truo tfliat tho czar of Rus sia lhaa no objection to tho landing of Greek eoldlers on Uio Island of Croto it -would seem as If a war between Greoco end Turkoy wore Inevitable. Tho buI tan has sent thither threo extra bat talions of infantry, and if tho czar makes no objcotlon tho Greeks will certainly go thoro also and a mooting Is imminent. Tho sultan has also bor rowed money onough to purchaso a fast torpedo boat catcher, ' built in Kiel, wlhlch la now en routo to Constanti nople. A St. Louis man is playing a great Joko on his contrary hens. And nny one who over owned hens knows that thoy will not sot when they aro wanted to, and thoy Insist on sotting on any thing remotely resembling nn egg at easons when their efforts should bo di rected to egg laying exclusively. This man knew that a blindfolded hen will squat wherovcr it is placed, and stay thoro till it sees tho light of day. Ho just blindfolded six of his hens, and thoy aro now Involuntarily doing tho batching act Tho work of constructing tho coast defenses authorized by congres3 will soon begin. Preliminary arrangements for carrying out tho projects contem plated havo been mado -by Genoral Oralghlll, tho chief of engineers, and one-half of tho $5,000,000 availablo un der tho law will bo oxpondod imme diately undor plane already approved. Tho remaining amount will bo expended by contract All Import ant points along tho Atlantic coast and tho Gulf of Mexico from Portland, Mo., to Galveston. Tex., and on tho Pacific coast from Pugct sound, and tho mouth f tho Columbia river and San Diego, Cal will bo fortified under tho present arrangemont. As soon as theso projects are undor way, bids for tho work to be dono by contract -will bo called for. Somo startling information has come from tho far oast, tho announcement .being mado that Russia has Intimated to Japan that sho must withdraw from iFormosa. Tho fact has attracted notice Ithat Russia has mcusicd at Vladlvostock . strong fleet and 100,000 men ami vast J Jetores of war material.. England Ib . 'said to bo recalling her inferior war Yessois rrom tno orient ana replacing them with stronger ones, but, nevor 'thelces, is now spoken of as tho third Inaval power in tho far cast, Russia ibelng tho first, and tho second being Heft unnamed. Russia's courso is al luded to sarcastically in tho Japanese Dress as a splendid policy of accres- Wlon. One journal says that Russia has Iprantlcally turned Japan out of Corca, and declares that anything short ot hypnotism of the most powerful order (absolutely falls to explain why all tho .world stands with folded arms and in jhelpless apathy watches tho develop ment ot tho gigantic plans of Russia 'for the domination ot tho East. Kvl dently the fear ot Russian aggression 'is becoming more pronounced in tho east In no moro emphatic manner arc modern facilities ot transportation em phasized than in tho safety with which perishable food Is convoyed from a great distance. In this particular Aus tralia, South America and tho United 8tates aro no further removed from Europe than a slnglo province formerly was from tho capital of tho country of which It formed a part. Algeria Is now supplying Paris markets with camel meat An extensive plant has been created in that French colony for tho killing and refrigerating of those ani mals, and dally shipments aro made to Paris. The meat of tho camel is de scribed as not unllko beef, with tho tenderness of veal. Tho hump Is tho choicest portion. Eggs that formerly were gathered near tho localities whero they wero sold now conio from distant points. Four million dally are recelv- j ed in London from foreign countries. Most of them come from Russia. Thoy ' command in England twice tho price they bring in tho home market The export of eggs from Russia, that In ' 1885 amounted to 235,000.000, Increased , in 1895 to 1,250,000,000. These are offl- I clal figures. Tho larger proportion ot this product goes to England. In addl tlon, great quantities of dressed fowl aro annually exported from Russia to all European cities. A young lady In Munclo who was booked to bo married was thrown Into violent hysteria for fear "something might happen." Tho physicians wero powerless to aid her. Aa a lost resort the young man was sent for, tho knot was speedily tied, tho girl recovered at onco and sho hasn't seen a sick moment since. You needn't laugh; It's tiue. It is said that LI Hung Chang is looking for American money. If that is tho case the only suggestion wo can mako la that ho come here and open a laundry. DAIRY AND POULTRY. INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR OURl RURAL READERS. Ilorr fincceful l'nrniPM Opornfo Till Department of the l'uriu A l"or Hints Bi to tlie Care ot I.Ito Stock nd 1'ooltrr, T this time of year it Is somewhat difficult to keep tho milk that goes to the factory In prime coridltlon, where It la strained Into largo delivery cans, seventy - flvo to eighty pounds to tho can,unles thor nitehlv aorntod as It goes into tho can, or Is afterwards dono. It can hardly bo kept in flt condi tion by tho uso of water alone, writes C. II. Everett in Wisconsin Agricul turist It may seem to bo sweet in 'tho morning, as it starts for the fac tory, but It it has far to go, and is ex posed to tho hot sun on tho way, or if tho morning's milk Ib added to the milk ot tho night boforo, by tho time it reaches Ha destination it is not good milk, and it is not to tho interest of tho patron, especially u it u " oporativo factory, to havo tbo milk In nny other than prlmo condition. I do not know of a slnglo farmer In my neighborhood besides myself that used 'tho aerators; somo of them sot tho cans in tho stock tank over night, but that method is frequently ot no benefit, as tho water In the tank this hot weather 'is often ncarl ns warm as tho milk, and Ib really a detriment, as the milk 'is kept warm throughout tho night, and moro than that tho covers arc re moved from tho cans and tho foul odors of tho barnyard find their, way into tho milk. Others use n small tank through which tho water flows from tho pump to the stock tank. That method Ib bettor, but necessitates ex crclso at tho pump handlo many a night when thcro 13 no wind to turn tho wheel, and tho farmer in tired and anxious for his well-earned rcst.so thnt tho milk Is often neglected. Some men Btrnln (ho milk Into the delivery cans and nllow It to set In tho stablo dur ing tho night. If I wero boss at tho fac tory I would send such milk back; It is hot flt for butter nor cheese. It seems strartgo to mo that men will resort to all methods but the ono that is the 'cheapest, tho easiest executed, tho one that will glvo the best results and re turn tho greatest benefit. A milk aerator does not cost much, Bay ?2; It iflts tho top of tho delivery can, the strulner fits tho top of tho aerator, or can easily be mado to. Set tho can In !the puro air, pour tho milk in at tho top, it runs through in lino small 'streams, and every particle comes in 'contact with puro air. When handled in this way it requires but little water, Wd much of the time not any. The milk Is always sweet and wholesome. 'HUP tli? morning's milk through in the ?amo way. This la very easy lo acom rpllsh. No extra work but to wash tho 'aerator, and no worry and bother about tho milk. Tho man who draw3 tho milk will not havo word that tho butter-maker says your milk wa3 sour nnd ho wouldn't tako It Milk aerators are mado by all firms of dairy supply goods. An aerator that will uo uno work may bo mauo oy utung a biuuu tin tubo on to a common houso bel lows, such as Is used to start a Are. Havo tho tinner maito a tuue two iuui. long that will flt tho noso of tho bel lows tightly. When tho can Is Ailed with milk insert tho tube clear to the 'bottom and work tho belloWB vigorous ly for a few moments. This will drlvo uro air all through the milk. Re heat tho operation in twenty to thirty knlnutes. Have a cork for each end ot tho tubo; All It with boiling water and shako well to wash it. Theso Bimplo things put Into practice often mako men successful. Another reason milk la often in bad condition comes from filthy cans, improperly mado and washed. Cans should bo emptied lust as soon a3 thoy arrive itoiu tho fac- tory, and not allowed to stand In tho I ihot Bun full ot sour milk until night. They should bo thoroughly washed ' with cold water and then Bcaldcd with boiling water, after which they are , ready to bo placed In tho sun. When buying cans It Is well to examine them 'lnsldo, and if there aro open Beams tako them to tho tinner ana nave tno seams filled with solder. Indication unit Cholera. Tho Farmers' Review frequently re ceives from its readers reports on the diseases of their fowls, in which chol era Is Bpoken of. Now, wo would llko to nsk this. "How do you know it 13 cholera?" It Is not to bo doubted that In a majority of cases the disease that la called cholera la nothing but Indi gestion. Tho two aro so much alike in many cf their symptoms, that even tho scientists connected with tho Bu reau of Animal Industry at Washing ton havo been mistaken sometimes and havo experimented for cholera with fowls sick with Indigestion. This may not bo the case today, but It was bo leomo years ago, at tho beginning of their work In that line. If veterinar ians can bo fooled by the symptoms, what can we expect of the ordinary farmer and poultry raiser? It 13 a very excusable mistake. Now. we are convinced that Indiges tion Is a trouble that carries off a great many fowls, and Is due directly to a too severe system of feeding. The di gestive organs of the birds are not capable of eustalnlng the tax put upon them for a great many months, in their wild state tha birds cat part gralr, ?irt Insects, part leaves and graBn, so that the work required to di gest them is comparatively light. But In a domestic state the birdo find more work put upon tho samo organs. Thoy are tad corn, oats, wheat, rye and bar ley. 'I ho work of grinding dono by the gluard must bo very great in tho course of a year. The glands must also work to tholr hlghOEt capacity to furnish tho solvents necessary to put j uio rooc. In n condition where It can be "-vu ut i0 eiauorauon 01 uioou. This wo think Is largely tho causo of Indigestion, Blnco exhaustion in any animal must load to Indigestion as a pnttlal result. Tho indigestion flrst makes itselt manifest in tho fowl by the suspension of activity by tho organs of digestion. It Is not at that time noticeable by the fnrmor, who, It ho notlcos any thing, will bco only a disposition on tho part of tho bird to rest and refrain from activity. Tho comb is still red, and tho feathers nro omooth. Tho organs havo ceased active work from exhaustion, tho food becomes often times Impacted in tho dlgestivo canals, and thin is called constipation. As a part of tho organs recommence activ ity, tho reslduo of tho food Is ex creted, but In a form that Indicates great derangement of tho organs. Tho constipated condition Is followed by diarrhoea, and moat frequently tl.a owner of the poultry declares that his, birds havo cholera and wants to kno what to do for It. Somo nostrum Iw recommended, and he begins to uso It, without, however, stopping the feed ing of tho grain ration. If tho bird gets well, tho organs aro again asked to undertake for another year tho enormous task of grinding grain and elaborating blood from the samo ma terials that caused tho trouble at first Fowle that havo tho run of the farm should not be troubled with indiges tion In the summer time, slnco thoy arc enabled to 11 vo largely on grass and insects, thus lessening tho tax on tho digestive system. And it is a fact vciy notlceablo that Buch fowls are seldom afflicted in tho manner men tioned. On such farms tho trouble comes in late winter or early spring. On farms whero the birds are kept shut up through tho summer months, and on all farms In the Avinter, tho rem edy would seem to bo to feed cooked food for a part of the ration. Tho cooking does not perhaps add to tho digestibility of tho food In the way of getting moro from It or of do ing tho work In less time, though this Is doubtless sometimes the case. The benefit lies In tho way of lessening the aggregate work to bo dono by tho or gans of digestion. It is evident that If tho food is fed in a cooked form tho forco to grind It In tho gizzard will bo nil. This leaves so much more forco to bo applied in other directions. Cooking food need not bo an expensive affair. Thcro Ib no necessity of put ting tho kcttlo on tho Btovo and stand ing over it to keep the meal or ground feed from burning down. If the quan tity Is more than a gallon, it will bo easy to cook it quite thoroughly In an other manner. Heat the water to a boiling point, and 600 that It Ib boiling not only In the middle of tho kettle, but ali over. This gives the total liquid u heat of 212 degrees. This water poured Into the mess to bo cooked and left Btandlng over night, will do the work. Those who havo say 50 hens, can neat a teakettle of water In tho morning and scald tho meal to bo used at night At night they can scald tho mess that is to bo fed the next moinlng. Of course, tho largor tho amount of feed to bo cooked tho better will tho cooking bo done, for the longer will the heat remain at a cooking point Such feed secm-i greatly to aid the health of tho fowls. This health question is a great ono, for tho number of fowls lost every yeat Is incalculable. This means the cut ting down of tho profits very materi ally. This In itself is sufficient reason for every progressive farmer owning some kind of an appliance for heating water for the uso of the stock. It is cheaper to keep the stock healthy than to cure them after they aro sick, and this is especially truo of poultry.. Doctoring poultry Is a very discourag ing business. Happy is tho man who knows how to keep them in a condi tion whero drugs and medicines aro not needed. Farmers' Review. Tho Family Homo. A horso that is dlfilcult to find, and one that Is in constant domand, Is -no that can be guaranteed to bo safe for family use. At any place whero horso sales aro held, one cannot but bo Im pressed by tho largo number of search ers after horses suitable for family use. For this purpose a horso must not only bo sound and good looking, but he must bo absolutely safe In the strictest sense ot tho word. Ho must be afraid of nothing, and must bo possessed of sense enough to behavo under circum stances which to tho average horsj would mean a runaway. He iwust W safe for n woman to drive, and in nian cases t!i woman will know llttlo about driving and absolutely nothing about what should bo done in case of an accident In view of the dependency that must necessarily bo placed on the family horse, it is not to be wondered at thnt horses suitable for that purpose aro sevee, and also that they com mand a high price whenever thoy are offered. The only wonder Is that some enterprising man does not make a specialty of high-class, reliable family horses. Horse World. Effects of Filled Cheese Law One of tho buyers of the Utlca board yester day took 8C0 boxes of cheese on orders from the south. This Ib ono result ot tho Ailed cheese bill, and others are sure to follow. Tho samo buyer has orders for 1,400 boxes more to be iMlet within a reasonable time. No such ord ers as theso have been received In sev eral years, and they would not be htro now If Ailed cheeso makers felt at lib erty to puh their goods. This law must make a great difference la the sale of genuine goods the coming fall. Ex, WOLF HUNTING. Grat Sport with llonnd unit lionet la Colorado. A writer in tho American Field tells , of nn oxc'tlng wolf hunt on a Colorado ranch, with tho aid of mustang ponies and two well-bred hounds, Czar and Shirock. It in a rare sport, and ono that can be but seldom enjoyed, oven in tno west, or lato years, because tho vicious animal that was onco tho terror of tho lonoly travolcr across tho plains Is becoming scarcer and scarcer bb tho years go by. Tho story concludes with this Interesting climax: But Czar led, closely followed by Shirock. On, on, went tho wolf. Fast er, faster, flow tho bravo hounds, run ning with a determination that fore shadowed tho doom of tho fleeing boast. Now it turned to tho right In n vain effort to cludo the swift coming hounds. Tho ground Is smooth and free from cactus, and they aro within 100 yards of their game. The wolf, with long, graceful strides, presents a beau tiful picture, but hia dajs aro num bered, for tho dogs aro fast closing In upon him, good Czar still leading, and soon will have his long, whlto teeth deop In the flesh of tho now discouraged wolf. In a few seconds Czar had him by tho log, and they both rolled over together, broaklng tho dog'o hold. But when tho wolf gained his feet he en countered another enemy, for Shirock was there and fastened his fangs In tho wolfs shoulder, whilo the wolf in re taliation turned his head and sank his teeth In tho dog's neck. Czar held a leg, and the two dogs pulled apart as If to stretch tho animal. Neither Shi rock nor tho wolf seemed much con cerned about tho bites of each other; both held on with a grit that was sur prising, uttering no sound of complaint or pain. Thla was tho position they wero in when wo reached them. Mr. Schaefer, quick of action, soon dis mounted, and, with a small basoball bat with which ho had provided him self, gave the wolf a terrible blow across tho back and aide. Tho wolf, Incensed nt the latter attack, loosed Its hold on the dog3 and turned Its atten tion to hlu new enemy. Whereupon Shirock fastened his teeth In the throat of the wolf, and the death Btruggle be gan. In vain the wolf tried to Bhake off the hounds, they held too firmly. It turned and twisted, but they held on. Shirock with his throat-hold was fast choking out the wolf's life, and the end came soon. FIRST USED In Knclnnd Over Tvo Centuries Va llfi:lL-et l'aner. Ago A letter from James I., bearing his sign manual and addressed to Sir John Stanhope, requesting him to pay 200 Into the royal exchequer, and dated 21 July, 1C04, is written on cquared pa per. A holograph letter from Lord Cranborne to his father, tho Earl or Salisbury, Lord High-Treasurer of En gland, and dated Paris, 18 February, 1C08, is written on cut and gilt-edged paper (the flrst example of this pro cess In my collection). As tho paper was, however, doubtless purchased in France, this date cannot be claimed in a description of English letters. All through this period the edges of the pa per are almost uniformly rough; but wo como to another letter on squared paper in 1619, 7 February, from Henry, Lord Clifford, to Sir Thomas Fairfax, asking him for a subscription ot Ave Jncobnees to a fund for furnishing a piece of plate to be run for evpry year at Pepllngcoates (an early racing date). Tho position of tho seal affords In this Instant an Incontrovertible proof of tho original shape of tho paper. A let ter, with sign manual and holograph subscription, from Charles I. to the Due d'Orleans, 28 April, 1G3G, is on gilt edged paper (my earliest English ex ample.) An Interesting Illustration of tho uso of gilt-edged paper in this reign is af forded by tho original accounts for sta tionery supplied to the Princes Charles and James in tho year 1641. Theso documents are signed by Bishop Duppa, tho tutor of these Princes, and certified for payment by tho Earl of Essex. Among tho Items aro tho following: "1 Reame of fflno Cutt paper, 00. 10. 00. 6 quires of fllne Venlse fol. gilt, 00. 12. 00." Government's Camels. Tho British Government is the own er of about 25,000 camels, tho greater number being In India, whero thoy are kept in reserve at the commissariat depots to meet various requirements, such as the carriage of stores to out stations and camp equipages of troops changing quarters by line of march. In the war of 1878 in Afghanistan camels wero used by the British. Some 50,000 died during tho campaign from cold, neglect and starvation. Included In the above 25,000 are tho camels em ployed In Egypt with tho British array of occupation. In 1884-85 a camel corps of 1,000 was formed, which did excellent servlco during the war against the Mahdl. At present between 0,000 and 7,000 camels belonging to the British Government aro engaged In tho advance on Dongola in tho Soudan, and tho Government Is still buying largely, so that probably before the autumn campaign is over thoso numbers will be at least doubled. As the camels aro obtained they aro organized into com panies of 400 each. The UlsliM or Frlemlnhln. It io night Herr Awkward steps up on a gentleman's toe3. "I hog your pardon, sir," ho cries. The Gentleman (an old friend ot Awkward'B) "Oh, don't mention it." (Rccounlzoa Awkward.) "Oh, it's you, 13 ItT You fool, can't you see whcio you are going?" In Paris there are over JOOO pro fessional fortune tellers. IN WOMAFS CORNER. INTERESTING READING FOR DAMES AND DAMSELS. Irvine Warm We-Ulior Ment SU'.tts Orovtlnj- Nnrrower I'rctiy Clown for ThU Spaon of Uio Wur Interesting to the Sex. HE MATTER OF breakfast and lunch during tho heated term, when the very thought of eating until tho cool of the evening is annoying, Is one that puzzles many srSSSgae a business woman, who finds that it is difficult to do good work when sho has forced horsolf to partake of tho UBual breakfast of meat, rolls and coffee. Ono woman, whoso salary depends upon tho clear ness of her brain, has discovered that n brecfast of fruit, bread and butter nnd egg lemonado sufllcen for nourish ment, whilo it does not overheat her. Her lunch is modeled on the same lines, iced tea or coffee, iced consomme or sour lemonado being frequently sub stituted for the egg drink dlfilcult to obtain at the ordinary restaurant, while a cool salad sometimes takes tho place of fruit. After two such meals as theso sho goc3 homo at night ready, after a bath and an cntiro chango of raiment, to do ample Justice to tho hearty dinner that awaits her. Brought up to believe that a heavy meal at night was Injurious, It was only after harrowing experiences with dyspeptic pangs that che worked out such a summer regime for herself. In winter both breakfast and lunch are more nourishing and always made up of warm hot dishes, but both are light, bo as not to overtax tho stomach. GOWN FOR A BRIDE. (From Godey's.) Color Combination". p'urple is one ot the colors whoso va rious depths of tone comblno well, and, this being a purple season, that fact Is taken full advantage of in many ways. Green, too, is very fashionable, and green and purple also form a pleasing combination. Gray and yellow aro again seen In companionship, and, like green and black, the association always has a re fined and exclusive look. Curiously enough, gray and yellow are not com monly placed In conjunction by some freak of taste. Perhaps that Is one reason why the combination seems so elegant. Foulard Is Increasing In favor In Paris, and probably by next summer it will be universally worn here, although us yet llttlo of It is seen. It is light, cool and pretty nnd suited to tho com position of charming toilets. Lace Is tho preferred trimming,, with embroi dery and all sorts of white accessories. Sometimes plaltlngs of gauze aro em ployed as a trimming; sometimes ap plication. White Is used a3 much as posslblo with all varieties of color and Tabrlc. Belts of whlto satin, collars, vests and cuffs are seen with almost every kind of costume. Ribbons, both white, black and colored, aro used to di versify plain bodices. Plaited mousselnino do solo forms a part of tho fnshlonablo costumes. Some times tho plaiting Is plain; oometlmes clusters of plaits alternate with plain ir laco filled spaces. When fill Vf nt Plwl ra'h. When the Princess or Wales Intends to visit tho photographer's sho us ually arranges that her sitting shall take place in tho morning. A special studio is set npart for tne princess and other members of the royal family. It Is approached by a private door that leadB to un anteroom provided with easy chilrs and a plentiful supply of Illustrated papers. A smell rbamber B B i PKKJtMJtVfUWJWWlMMHUl In fitted up 03 a dressing-room, and hiire Is to bo found a maid from Marl borough house, who has presorted her royal mistress with a drewlng caso containing all toilet requisites. Th princess, having decided on the posi tion In which sho wishes to bo taken, arranges herself. It Is etiquette on these occasions for tho photographer to address any remark ho may have to make to tho lady-ln-waltlng In attend ance, who In turn, addresses tho prin cess, who replies through her. llerilmr.lfn Wcnltli nt Hnlr. Bernhardt, wno has really the most remarkable personality of nny living woman, will not exercise, and hates fruit unless sho happens to feel In a mood for eating it, nnd otlll sho has a handsome head of hair, and this, tho health doctors say, Is quite remarkable, In view of tho fact that fruit and ex ercise mako beautiful hair. Sho makes hor hair grow winter anil siramer by exposing it. For several hours a day that hair hangs down her back with tho air blowing through it nnd tho sun touching it. Her theory 13 that w her eyer the hairpins touch her hair it will be dull and glokelesa. In tho morning Mme. Bernhardt's locks nro scattered over her brenkfast robe, and caugljt on ly by tho narrowest of ribbons, that do. not tie tho hair, but only confine It Not until dressing for theater is her hnlr "done up," and this Is for getting in and out of her carriage in street dress. In most of Bernhardt's plays tho heroine wears unconfincd locks, and hero again madam has a chance to car ry out her theory and show the resuli of it In tho magnificent gloss of her long locks. Tim Hummer Mode. Notwithstanding all persistency to the contrary, the skirt is getting nar rower, and H1I3 3 synonymous with saying that it is to bo trimmed; tucks- nnd volants with narrow laco belong: to tho light batistes and muslins; rib bons, braids in application, borders, etc., to tho heavy stuffs. The stiff skirt disappears, and with it tho folds; it is simply pleated all around, tho pleata Tormlng a point in tho front breadth. A remarkable feature is the prefer ence for small Jackets on the wal3t principally tho zouave jacket, reaching barely to tho waist line. The little sleeveless Jacket harmonizes cither with tho skirt to contrasting Bleeves and front parts of blouse, or else It consists entirely of lace of embroidered fabric, of batiste or gauze with volant edge. The supplement Is tho corselet or ribbon belt, which must stand In full contrast to the costume; for in stance, black to bluo or green, whlto to gray or brown, ruby to black or white. Iioklnu lUokwnrrt. The past has a power. The wise man is the man who sometimes looks back on bis track. 1 V WE '.is'1 SVtK SiS ' . ten k 4 1 x&WtJwmk Mil lffii I Vll 4 IMF 1 1 v ,n fi i t?v y wifMvK f TV ft QJjr J l v h JEM W -ffc fo J wr vy .,' J.