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About The Omaha morning bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 1922-1927 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 15, 1924)
s Coolidge for Economy—Lower Taxes—New Armament Conference _ ______ _11 ■ ' 1 Points Out Big Strides in 3 Years President Demands Clean Government, Is Against Pub lic Ownership, Sympathizes With Farmers. “Peace” Foreign Policy Mr. Chairman, Members of the Committee, Ladies and Gentlemen: You bring formal notice, Mr. Chair man, of a nomination for president of the United States. Our system of nominations is not the outcome of chance. It Is the product of experi ence. Very early In their search for a sound method of self-government the American people discovered that tHfe only practical way to secure re sponsible political action was by the formation of parties, which they miopted because reason pronounced It t Ijkmost promising, and continued be W practice found It the most suc cessful. Jjnderneath and upholding political pities was, and is, the enduring principle that a true citizen of a real republic can not exist as a segregated, utfattached fragment of selfishness, but must live as a constituent part of. the whole of society. In which he ciljti, secure his own welfare only ns he 6«nre8 the welfare of his fellow-men. ^arty means political co-operation, nijt ns an end In Itself, but a means, an Instrument of government. If founded upon a grent moral principle acid directed with scrupulous regard taf its Integrity, It can not fall to sweep onward and upward, advanc ing always steadily and surely, a mighty constructive force, a glorious bearer of progress. Anxiety of 1921. That Is what the republican party altyays has been and is today. In full faith that such It will continue to be, deeply conscious of the high honor 11 cojifcrs and the responsibility It Im poses, I accept Its nomination for president of the United States. In the history of our country Is recorded the public services rendered by our party for more than three score years. That Is secure. I pass on to the recent past and the present. Easy To Forget Chaog Republican* Faced Greatest Peace Time Problems. It is easy to forget, but the im pression which the condition of our ci.untry in March, 1921, made upon the people was so deep, so vivid, so alarming, that it will not soon pass away. Over two years after the ar mistice we were still technically In a state of war. We had no diplo matic relations with Turkey, Greece. Hussia, Colombia, or Mexico, and the far east was causing grave apprehen sions. In raising and expending for war a vast amount of money a reck less extravagance had come to char acterize the administration of public affairs and was all too prevalent In private life. An enormous debt had been contracted, then standing at about $24,000,000,000, of which more than $7,000,000,000 was In short-time obligations without any provision for payment. Government bonds were far below par. The high war-time taxes still burdened the people. Demobilization and liquidation re mained to be completed. Huge ac counts with the railroads were still unsettled. Transportation was crip pled. Over $11,009,000,000 of unliqui dated debts were due to us from for eign countries. The whole people were Buffering from e tremendoue de flation. Our banke were filled with frozen assets, and everywhere scute financial distress existed. Interest was high. Capital was scarce. Ap proximately 5,000,000 people were w-ithout employment. No adequate provision had been made for the relief ot disabled veterans and their depend ents. There was an avalanche of war worn people and suddenly cheapened merchandise impending upon us from k foreign lands. The great powers were still engaged In burdening their peo ple by building competitive arma fndhts. A Staggering Array Foreign and Domestic Problems Have Been Met and Solved. This staggering array Indicates some of the major problem* of this administration. Perhaps in no peace tin}^ period have there been more re markable and constructive accom plishments than since March, 1921. W# have ratified separate treaties of world wide Importance with Germany, Austria, Hungary, Colombia and Mex ico, Forty-two other treaties have been approved by the senate and six treaties are now ewaitlng its action. Friendly Intercourse has been re in.med with Turkey and Greece, and we' have established our rights and Insured pears In the far east and the Paelflc ocean. Our foreign relations have been handled with a technical skill and a broad etateamanahlp which has seldom, If ever, been surpassed. In the domain of finances a budget system was promptly enacted and put Into operation, resulting In tremen doue savings. For the fiscal year end ing June 30, 1921, our expenditures Were $5,533,000,000, and our surplus v/a* $38,000,000 For the year Just closed our expenditures were $3,497, 000,000 snd our surplus exceeded $500,000,000. This was a reduction In the annual cost of government of $2 041,000,00. The public debt now •(ends at shout $21,250,000,000, which Is a reduction In three years of shout $2 750,000,000 and means an annual saving In Interest of more than Jl'm, 000,000 The $7,000,000,000 of short finis obligations hove all been quiet be* * |v refunded or paid. Tbe inlet rial • in cut A taxes have been reduced twice, and martv of them repealed, go that during the present fiscs) yest flic tax receipts will show a saving to the people of approximately $6,000,000 • a day compared with 1921. One gov ernment bond has sold well over 105. Foreign Debt* Arranged Money From Other Countries Will Pay $13,000,000,000. More than 40 per cent of the amount of debts due us from foreign countries has been liquidated, and will provide funds for the retirement of shout *13,000,000,000 of the prin cipal of our national debt In the course of ff2 years. These settle ments are not only stupendous finan cial transactions, but demonstrations of the most profound nature of inter national good faith and the dominion over International relations of moral power. The finances of this nation have been managed with a genius and a success unmatched since the days of Hamilton. The army and navy have been re duced to a low peace time basis, and surplus materials and supplies con verted into cash. Hundreds of millions of accounts have been settled with the railroads which have been financed without any public expense so that they could adequately serve the great est peace-time commerce ever moved without a shortage of cars. A great revival of industry took place, which is now spreading to agriculture. Com plaint of unemployment has ceased, wages have increased. Capital has be come plentiful at a low rate of interest and the banks of our country, as a whole, show a high percentage of liquid assets. Disabled Veterans Helped. Most generous laws for the relief of disabled veterans have been enacted, and the veteran’s bureau established. More than 71,000 men and women have been rehabilitated, of whom over 38,000 are earning more than they earned before the war. Compensation is being paid to nearly half a million at the rate of about *1.080.000 a year, which will he Increased about *30,000, 000 under legislation recently passed. Forty million dollars have been pro vided for hospital facilities, and under a new law hospitals have been opened to all the veterans of all wars,' re gardless of the time or cause of their disability. No government ever pro vided so generously for those dis abled by service in time of war. Immigration Restricted Foreign Goods Also Curtailed to Protect American Standards. To preserve American standards for all our inhabitants, whether they were the descendants of former generations residing here or the most recent ar rivals, restrictive immigration laws were passed. I should have preferred to continue the policy of Japanese exclusion by some method less likely to offend the sensibilities of the .lap anese people. I did what I could to minimize any harm that might arise. But the law has been passed sul approved, and the Incident Is closed. We must seek by some means besides immigration to demonstrate the friendship and respect which we feel for the Japanese nation. Restricted immigration is not an of fensive but a purely defensive ac tion. It is not adopted in criticism of others in the slightest degree, but solely for the purpose of protecting ourselves. We cast no aspersions on any race or creed, but we must re member that every object of our in stitutions of society and government will fail unless America be kept American. Tariff Aids Farmer. By mean of a protective tariff we have saved American agriculture, labor, and Industry from the menace of having their great home market destroyed through the dumping upon It of a flood of foreign products Under this wise policy we saw an economic revival, and our people as a whole, In marked distinction from sufferers from the financial distress and depression of other lands, have com* Into an era of prosperity and plenty. Aa a source of revenue the tariff surpassed all expectations In producing an annual return of the un precedented aum of about *550,000. 000. A fiscal policy which places a large and much needed revenue in the public treasury, while stimulating business to a condition of abounding prosperity, defend* Itself against any criticism. Its merits are demonstrated by Its results. We have protected our own Inhabitants from the ecu nomlc disaster of an Invasion of too many foreign people or too much foreign merchandise. - —i Armament Limited Washington Conference Greatest of World's Move* for Peace. Th* people have never come to a full realization of the Importance of the Washington conference. It pro duced the one effective agreement among the great powers In all the history of civilization for relieving the people of the earth from the enormous burden of maintaining competitive naval armaments. I do not believe any conference ever did more to promote the peace of the world. I am perfectly sure that none ever did so much to reduce the cost of government. By removing causes of Irritation, In which lay the seeds of war In the far eaet, our own country received Incalculable benefits. Only when that was don* could disarms nient follow. What had always hr for* failed then became a success. A policy wna adopted which waa more than revolutionary. II was sublime. It demonstrated at last, that peace and good will are not vain Illusions, but actual realities. The credit for the Inception of this epoch making policy, and for Its 4>ractlcal copclu slon. Is due to th* Initiative of Amerl can statesmanship. These are some of the larger as peots, though very Incompletely de pleted, of what this administration haa been doing to promote the wel fare of th* American people. A sur vey of the economic condition of our country, th* Industrial peace which prevails, th# mighty Influence which our moral power exerts throughout the world, ell teetlfv that It has not been without success. fiovrriiment Still Sound There are those who would dterr Kurd all this for an undertaking In convince themselves and others that the rh|ef issue of this campaign Is honest government. In all mv studies of pnlltirsi history I cannot recall no administration which waa desirous ol a dishonest and corrupt government that, for the purpose of checking ex travagance. ever undertook to intro duce a budget system, to cut down taxes, to purge the pay rolls, to make enormous reductions In the public debt, and to lay firmer foundations for the peace of the world. That is not the way of dishonesty. The gov ernment Is sound. But individuals charged with wrongdoing are being prosecuted. The people of this ^hun try hate corruption. They know my position. They know the law will be enforced. Wherever there have been sus picions of guilt. Involving members of any party, I have caused them to be Investigated and presentation made to the grand jury. If the evidence war ranted, those suspected of crime have been indicted, and without favor, but without malice, they will be tried on the charges returned against them. Wherever it has appeared that the property of the government‘has been illegally transferred and held action has been brought for Its recovery and will be pursued to a final Judgment. No government was ever able to prevent altogether the commission of crime, but this government, under my direction, is doing the best it can to detect and punish any and all wrongdoing. The laws of the land are being, and will continue to be, en forced. I propose to use every pos sible effort to resist corruption in office. The - American government must be clean. Against Government Ownership. Many principles exist which I have tried to represent and propose to sup port. I believe in the American con stitution. I favor the American sys tem of individual enterprise, and I am opposed to any general extension of government ownership and control. I believe not only in advocating econ omy in public expenditure, but in its practical application and actual ac complishment. I believe in a reduc tion and reform of taxation, and shall continue my efforts In that direction. I am In favor of protection. I favor the permanent court and further limi tation of armaments. I am opposed to aggressive war. I shall avoid In volving ourselves In the political con troversies of Europe, but I shall do what I can to encourage American citizens and resources to Resist In re storing Europe, with the sympathetic support of our government. X want agriculture and industry on a sound basis of prosperity and equality. I shall continue to strive for the eco nomic, moral, and spiritual welfare of my country. American citizens will decide in the coming election whether these accomplishments and these principles have their approval end support. Home Market Biggest Chief Concern Is America, But We Cannot Be Isolated. The domestic affairs of our country appear to me to be by far the chief concern. From that source cornea our strength. The home market consumes nearly all of our production. Within our own boundaries will be deter mined to a very large degree the eco nomic welfare and the moral worth of the American people. These are plain facts, but there are others equally plain. Foreign Policy la “Peace.” America, under Providence, haa come to be a nation of great respon sibility. It exists as one of the family of nations. We can not be Isolated. Other peoples exist all about us. Their actions affect us, and our ac tions affect them, whether we will or no. Their financial condition Is not and can not he entirely separated from our financial condition. Rut the final determination of our relation ship to other countries rises Into a higher realm. We believe In the broth erhood of man, because we be lieve in the fatherhood of God. That Is our Justification for freedom and equality. We believe In the law of service, which teaches u# that we can Improve ourselves only by help ing others. We know that thesa prin ciples are applicable alike to our domestic and our foreign relations. We can not live unto ourselves alone. The foreign policy of America can heat be described by one word—peace. Our actions have always proclaimed our peaceful desires, but never more evidently than now Ws covet no ter ritory; we support no threatening military array; ws harbor no hostile Intent. W# have pursued, are pursu ing, and ehnll continue to pursue with untiring devotion the cause of peace. Theae Ideals we have put Into prac tical application. W# have sought to promote peace not only by word, but by appropriate action. We have tieen unwilling to surrender our In dependence. Ws he vs refused to ratify the covenant of the league of nations. Rut we have co-operated with It to suppress the narcotic trade and promote public health. W# have avery desire to help; but the tints, the place, and ths methods must hs left to our own determination. Under our constitution we ran not foreclose the right of the president or the con gress to determine future ptnhlems when they srlse. We must neoes sarily proceed upon the principle of present cooperation without future entanglements. To Join World Court Rule of Lew Mutt Supplement Rule of Fores. As pears means fundamentally a reign of law, we propose to become a member of the permanent coiilt of international Justice. Such aqtton would do much to Indicate our de termination lo restrain the rills of force and solidify snd sustain th* rule of reason among nations. We have oheervrd with sympathy Ihe continuing difficulties of Rumps Ws have desired to assist whenever we eould do so effectively. Late In Hecember, 1922, the secretary of slste announced the American plsn, which was finally adopted. I'nder It the icparallons commission appointed a committee of experts of which three were Americans. one of whom, t'harlea G. I laws, was chosen chair man A te|>nrt has been made which I received worldwide approbation and has been accepted In principle by the governments Interested. At a conference of prime ministers held to work out the details of putting this plan Into operation, I directed the attendance of Ambassador Kellogg, assisted by Colonel Kogan, to rep resent our government. Throughout all this course of events w# helped In the only way we coulu help. I believe the substance of the plan ought to be adopted. By that teat will he revealed whether Kurope really dealrei our co-operation. If Kurope should agree to this pro posal, then a private loan should he made by our citizens to Germany for the financial support of this undertaking. The governments in terested should make necessary con cessions for the security of such a loan. In my opinion such action, by stabilizing Kurope, would result In Improving our own economic condi tion. But beyond that It la the duty of our people who have the resources to use them for the relief of war stricken nations and the Improve ment of world conditions. Dawes Plan Favored If Adopted Will Call New World Peace Conference. As this la written, reports Indicate that the plan of General Dawes will he adopted, and that the effort of America lma made a tremendous con tribution to the welfare, security snd peace of the world. But I await the event. When the reparations plan la In operation, I shall deem It an appro priate time to approach the great powers with, a proposal for another conference for a further limitation of armaments and for devising plana for a codification of international law. I personally should favor entering Into covenants for the purpose of outlaw ing aggressive war by any practical means. Our country haa always been against aggressive war and for per manent peace. Those who are work ing out detailed plans to present such a policy for consideration have my entire sympathy. I trust that never again will the women of this nation bo called on to sacrifice their loved ones to the terrible ecourge of war. We have constantly striven to come to more complete understandings and Improve our relations with Katin America. At their request we have undertaken to compose their difficul ties. We helped the government of Mexico protect Itself against domes tic violence. There Is little doubt that in extending this assistance and the moral support which It Indicated we hf Iped save the people of Mexico from the terrors of another revolution. We also indicated the adoption of a pol icy of making It worth while for a government so to conduct Itself aa to merit our recognition. We have secured a written agreement with Mexico to negotiate a treaty of amity and commerce to replace one which was canceled aa long ago as ISM, and Joint commissions will shortly meet to adjust all American claims against that country. Equal Chance To All America No Placo for Racial or Religious Hates. The federal government ought to be, and la. solicitous for the welfare of every one of Its inhabitants, every one of Its business activities, whether they be small or great. This Is one country; we are one people united by common Interests. There should be no favorites and no outcasts; no race or religious prejudices In govern ment. America opposes special privi lege for anybody, and favors equal opportunity for everybody. It has adopted these principles because they a re the logical conclusions of our ideals of freedom. Moreover, we be line they contribute to our material welfare. We oppose the artificial supports of privilege end monopoly because they are both unjust and uneconomic. They are not right. They do not work. No sound and enduring government or prosperity can rest upon anything hut the sure foundations of equal opportunity and justice for all. It Is In accordance with these prin ciples that our government seeks by appropriate legislation to promote the financial welfare of all the different groups that form our great economic structure. The republican party supporte the policy of protection as ® broad principle, good alike for pro ducer and consumer, because It knows that no other means to prevent the lowering of the standard* of pay and living for the American wage-earner toward the misery scale that prevails abroad has ever been devised. Were such protection removed the result would be felt at every fireside In the land. Our Industry would languish, factories would close, commerce and transportation would be stagnant, agriculture would become paralyzed, financial distress and economic de pression would reach over the whole country- Before we are carried sway with any visionary expectation of promoting the public welfare by • genera) avalanche of cheap goods from foreign eource*. imported under a evstem which, whatever it may he called, is In reality free trade. It will he well first to count ttie cost and realize Just what such a proposal really means. For Protective Tariff Elastic Provisions Will Care for Changing Times I am for protection because It maintains American standards of liv ing and of business, for agriculture, Industry, snd lshor. I sin In favor of the elastic provisions of our tariff law. T propose to administer them/ not politically, hut Judicially. As tile business of the world becomes sta bilized. without throwing all our economic system Into confusion, we can raise or lower specific schedules to meet the requirements of s scien tific adjustment, T eonfees that my Inheritance snd personal experience ha vs bred In toe a Veen Interest In the welfare of agriculture Perhaps the very hard ship* that those who have been en ■ aged tn It have encountered have caused It to lie the chief source of that Independence end alaiwait till zenahlp which ha« contributed an lav lahlv to the glory of American life It cnnstlttilsa an element In our ne tluu ul guv-k UuvoiUuug u to lie worthy of the utmost solicitude and concern. On# of our first thoughts In 1921 was for Its relief and revival. As many as 15 laws have been passed to assist and support this fundamental Industry. Through the War Finance corporation it has been extended cred its of between $300,000,000 and $400, 000,000. In addition to this, govern men Inactivity provided about $50,000, 000 from private sources for the re lief of the cattle Industry, and in the early spring of this year a $10,000,000 corporation was formed which It was estimated could furnish $100,000,000 for diversification and financial relief In the northwest. The Intermediate credit banks have loaned over $86,000, 000 to individuals and co-operative associations, which assisted directly and indirectly over 500,000 farmers. Prices Now Improving. Notwithstanding all this, agricul ture was subjected to an era of most serious depression. Several of ite great staples Ilk# cotton, cattle, hogs, corn, and wheat, suffered from low prices, due to overproduction, unbal nnced conditions between costs and sale prices In agriculture, Industry, and labor, and the disorganization oi the markets of the world. But for the enormous buying power which the high wages of Industry put behind the market for American food prod ucts especially meat, the agricul tural regions would have experienced even a far more severe financial crisis. Aid To Farmers Government Helped With Funds —Conditions Improved. Due to a change In the world sup ply, prices of products have begun to Improve, even so far as to Increase land values. The government ren dered a great deal of assistance and private enterprise co-operated, but the fundamental remedy was provid ed, as always must be provided, not so much through the enactment of legislative laws as through the work ing out of economic laws. Because the farmers have thoroughly realize^ this, they have on the whole opposed price fixing by legislation. While maintaining that sound position, they have seen a partial relief come In a natural way, as It was bound to come. We now need In agriculture more organization, co-operation and diver sification. The farmer should have the benefit of legislation providing for flood control and development of In land waterways, better navigation east and south from the Great Lakes, reclamation, and especially relief for those who can not meet their pay ments on Irrigation projects. But the main problem Is marketing. Co operative effort, reorganization of the freight rate structure, good business, and good wages In manufacturing, and the settlement of European affairs will all help to provide better market conditions. The republican platform recognizes that agriculture should be on a basis of economic equality with ether in dustrles. This Is easy to say, but the farmers themselves and their ad visers have never been able to agree on a plan to provide it by law. Now that nature and economic law have given tome temporary relief. I pro pore, therefore to appoint a commit tee to investigate and report meas ures to the congress In December that may help secure this result which we all desire. I want profitable agricul ture established permanently. I want to see the dollar of the farmer a! ways purchase as much at any other dollar. Farm Leaders Needed Real Leaden Who Will Not Bo Lured Away by Buaiaoee. A wise, skilled and unselfish leader ship ran do more than anything else 0 rescue agriculture. The farmer need* leaders who will stay with him, who have the tact and courage neces >arv for management, and who have ihe fidelity to refuse political prefer nent and business opportunity. There ■re such leaders. In the sacrifices hey make to serve the farmer lie* he greatest hope for his salvation. Those who toll have always profited From republican control of govern nent. Under the policy of protection »nd restrictive Immigration no delta Ion of wages has occurred. While die cost of living hai gone down, wages hava advanced The II hour lay and the seven day week have practically been abolished. The un interrupted operation of public utlll lea with mutually satisfactory and egally established methods of adjust ng labor questions have been sought. Collective bargaining and voluntary arbitration have been encouraged Republican rule haa raised the wage tarner to a higher standard than he “ver occupied before anywhere In the world. The war left vis with many evils Ins result was the tremendous west igs of wealth. The people of this 'ountrv were required to recreate very nearly one fifth of our national resources. All of this stupendous <um has to he earned When so large 1 |»art of the work of J00 years Is ■wept away, It Is not easily recovered It takes all ths tremendous energy ■f men. of enterprise, of the vast properties represented by Invested spltal. and of material working hrough years, to repair the damage *nd replace the values destroyed by ear. The only method by which we can nake up Ibis loss Is hv saving a ■art of what wa produce each day It will make little difference how nuch we raise on the farm, or how Pinch we turn out In the mill. If It s nil used up or all the proceeds ara “upended. We can only ha relieved ■f our present private and public bur tens by refraining from private and public emavagance. We must re -1st private and public outlay* for which thcie Is no commensurate re :nrn. This Is economy. Whatever inyhodv may claim or aay, there Is no other method by which the people an rlil themnelven of their tremen 1nua financial burdens. Cut Government Coats Tase* Come From the People— They Must Re Reduced. It Is for that reason that the pres rnt administration has made eieri possible effort to cut down the e» pensea of government The ronntri needs every oum e of lie energy to re store Itself The costs of the go> rinuisni **• ail tuuiii os U>« p*o pie. This mnm that th* farmer Is doomed to provide a certain amount of money out of the eale of hie pro duce, no matter how low the price, to pay his taxes. The manufacturer, the professional man. and the clerk must do th# same from their Income. The wage earner, often at a higher rate when compared with his earnings, makes his contribution, perhaps not directly, but indirect l}», to the ad vanced cost of everything he buys. The expenses of the government reach everybody. Taxes take from everyone a part of his earnings, and force everyone to work for a certain part of his time for the government. When we come to realize that the yearly expenses of all the govern ments In this country have reached the stupendous sum of about $7,500, 000,000 we get some idea of what this means. Of this amount about $3,500, 000,000 is needed by the national gov ernment. and the remainder by local governmepts. Such a sum Is difficult to comprehend. It represents all the pay of 6,000,000 wage earners receiv ing $3 a day, working 300 days in the year. If the government should add on $100,000,000 of expense, It would represent four days more work of these wage earners. These are some of the reasons why I want to cut down public expense. Proud of Tax Bill. I want the people of America to he able to work less for the government and more for themselves. I want them to have the rewards of their own industry. That is the chief mean ing of freedom. Until we can re establish a condition under which the earnings of the people can be kept by the people, we are hound to suffer a very distinct curtailment of our lib erty. Take Annually $300 Five Million Wage Earner* At $5 a Day Supply Tax Fued*. These results are not fanciful, they are not Imaginary: they are grimly actual and real, reaching into every household in the land. They take from each home annually an average of over $300. And taxes must be paid. They are not a voluntary contribu tion to be met out of surplus earn ings. They are a stern necessity. They come first. It is only out of what Is left after they are paid that the necessities of food, clothing and shelter can be provided, the comforts of home secured, or the yearnines of the soul for a broader and more abundant life gratified. When the government effects a new economy, it grants everybody a life pehsion with which to raise the standard of exis tence. It Increases the value of everybody's property and raises the scale of everybody's wages. One of the greatest favors that can he be stowed upon the American people is economy In government. Because of my belief in these prin ciples. I favor economy that the taxes of everybody may be reduced. Much has already been done. The bill which I signed will save the people about $1,000,000 each day. I want further tax reduction and more tax reform. The raising of th# revenue required to con duct our government la Intimately connected with our economic welfare. If It is done by wise and Jost laws, the burden will be the most easily borne. But If the method of taxa tion Is not sound, disaster will fol low. reaching even to financial panlc Our first thought should be to main tain unimpaired the activity of agri culture and Industry. That day is theoretically best which interferes least with business. Can't Collect High Taxes Excessive Rates Defeat Them selves—Dry Up Sources, Every student knows that excessive ly high rates defeat their own pur pose. They dry up that source of revenue and leave those paying lower rates to furnish all the taxes High rates tend to paralyse business. For these reasons 1 am opposed to excess profits taxes and high surtaxes When the revenue hill of 1971 was passed, abolishing excess profits and greatly reducing high eurtaxes, It was Im mediately followed by a revival in business and an Increase In the num ber of lerge Incomes, so that the gov ernment received nearly $100,000,(100 Dtore in taxes from those having incomes of over $100,000 than under the higher rates of the previous year But rates were still too high, and all kinds of business began to pause; agriculture especially felt their Indirect adverse effects. A new tax hill was passed thla spring carrying still further reductions, and under Its apparent Influence there seems to be the beginnings of another Increase of prosperity. Good business la worth more to the small Income taxpayer than a considerable percen tage of fast reduction. Only about *,500.000 people pay di rect Income taxes The remainder pay, but Indirectly, In the cost of all purchases, from a pair of shoes to a railroad ticket This country has at least 107,000.OHO of these direct tax payers. I am not disturbed about the effect on a few thousand people with large Incomes because they hsve to pay high surtaxes. They can take care of themselvea, whatever hap pens, es the rich always can. What concerns me la the Indirect effect of high surtaxes on all the rest of the people. 1 -er us always remember the poor. Whatever cry the dema gogue niay make about hit ability to tax the rich, at the end of the year it will alwnye be found that the people ms a whole have paid the taxes Me should, therefore, have a system of taxation under which the people aa a whole are moat likely to be prosperous. Our country will be better off If. disregarding those who appeal to jealousy and envy, It follows In taxation and all else the straight path of Justice. Economy in Eloctiong Republican Committee to Work <ju a Budget la Campaign, Economy should be practiced acrup ulously In the conduct of a national campaign, t know It l« difficult to distinguish between real service to the people end mere wastefulness Costs have Increased by doubling of the electorate, rendering close calculation linposalble •Nevetthelea*. 1 can pwceiva no tea son why th« budget system should not be beneficial in s campaign, as it has proved to be in government. It is to be tested by our committee. There should be no relaxing of reso lute endeavors to keep our elections, honest and free from taint of any kind. Only the closest scrutiny of both the sources of contributions snd the character of expenditures can ac complish this laudable purpose. Kor the first time this has been provided for the coming campaign through the appointment of a competent senate committee vested with ample authori ty. The republican national chair man has already volunteered to file sworn reports of both Income snd outgo. In full detail, at such regular intervals as the committee may deem serviceable and practicable. The statutes provide for publication of the names of contributors and of amounts contributed. But a deficit at the end of a campaign In part de feats this. The budget will cure that defect. So far aa the republican party is concerned, I have made an abso lute requirement that our committee shall live within its means. I hope It will have a surplus on election day, but it must not have a deficit. I would make clearly and definitely one other requirement, that no lndl vidual, or group of individuals, may expect any governmental favors In return for party assistance. What ever anyone gives must he given for the common good, or not at all. Con tributions can be received on no other basts. I'rges Women to Vote. Kor the first time, after having op portunity fully to organize, the women of the nation are bringing the new force which they represent di rectly to bear on ou/political afTairs. I know that the Influence of woman hood will guard the home, which Is <he citadel of the nation. I know it will be a protector of childhood. I know it will bo on the side of human ity. I welcome it as a great instru ment of mercy and a mighty agency of peace. I want every woman to vote. While we are discussing some of the problems of the day, some of the changes we propose to meet tempo rary conditions, it is also well to re member that It is equally necessary to support our fundamental Institu tions. We believe in our method of constitutional government and the in tegrity of the legislative, judicial and executive departments. We believe that our liberties and our rights are test preserv’d, not through political, hut through judicial action. The con stitution Is the sole source and guar anty of national freedom. We believe that the safest place to declare and Interpret the constitution which the people have made Is the supreme court of the United States. We be) eve the people of the na tion should continue to own the prop erty and transact the business of the nation. We harbor no delusions about securing perfection. We know that mankind Is finite, and will continue to be under any system. But that system is best which gives the Indi vidual the largest freedom of action, and the largest opportunity for honor able accomplishment. Pueh a system does not tend to the concentration of wealth, but to the diffusion of wealth. Under our institutions there is no limitation on the aspirations a mother may have for her Children. That sys tem I prity to continue. This country would not be a land of opportunity. America would not be America. !f - Lackled with gov Xgainst Lynching. Under our institutions success is the rule and failure is the exception. We have no better example of this than the enormous progress which is being made by the negro race. To some of Its individuals it may seem slow, toilsome and unsatisfactory, but viewed a a a whole it has been a demonstration of their patriotism and their worth. They are doing a great work in the land, and are entitled to the protection of the constitution and the law U is s satisfaction to observe that the crime of lynching of which they have so often been the victims, hss been greatly diminished and I trust that any further contin uation of this national shame mav be prevented by law Aa a plain mat ter of expediency the white man can not be protected unless the black man is protected, and as a plain mat ter of right law and justice Is justice for everybody. Our country has adopted prohibi tlon and provided \>y legislation for tta enforcement. It Is the duty of the citizen to observe the law. and the duty of the executive to enforce. 1 propose to do my duty as beet I own Our different states have had dlf ferent standards or no standards st all. for child labor. The congress should have authority to provide a uniform law applicable to the whole nation which will protect childhood. Our country can not afford to let anyone live off tha earnings of its youth of tender vears. Their places are not in the factory, but in the school, that the men and women of tomorrow may reach a hirher state of existence and the nation a higher standard of citizenship. I’m In favor of national defense, not merely as an abstract state of mind, hut as a concrete mode of ac tion. I favor not merely talking about It. hut doing something about It, 1 do not want the safety of mv country to be imperiled in its domestic or foreign relations hy any fallura to be ready to preserve cider or repel attack. But l propose to work for voluntary observance of law and mutual covenants of peace. Ouninnn Sense I'arsiuotinl. The government of the United States represents the public It ts Its business to protect snd advance the general welfare It wants every one treated fairly, and expects every, one to do his duty. It must be im partial. but It ought to be humane It .w-ants to establish Justice, equity and mercy. It desires to see adequate returns both for capital Inveated and for oork don# It b#U#v## In protect in* h#Alth Mnl In x'h#rl*hin* #duc* tlon It Ip ©ppo#od to th# domination of #lth#r *#Alth or or**nl*#d mlnorl tl## #n<1 !• commit tod to th# fro# nil# of p)1 th# poepl# W# At# llkolv to h#Ar a trout d##l of diAx'nAAlon About UhorpI thought And pro*t#**|\# Action It I# n#ll for th# country to hA\# libomltt? to thought pnd piogi#AA In a tlon. hut Itp *r#At#»t «**#t ia common »#n#* In tbt commonplact thing* oX UX* lit# the strength of the nation. It Is n .t in brilliant conception and strokes of genius that we shall And tha chief reliance of our country, but in the home. In the achool and in religion. America will continue to defend the*a shrines. Kvery evil force that seeks to desecrate or destroy them will And that a Higher Power has endowed i he people with en Inherent spirit of re sistance. The people know the diff- ' ence between pretense and reslit'. They want to h« told the truth. The;/ want to be trusted. They want \ chance to work out their own mate rial and spiritual salvation. The peo ple want a government of eotnmou sense. These, Mr. Chairman, are aome of the beliefs which I ftold, some of tl*a principles which I propoaa t* sup port. Because I am convinced thot they are true, because I am satisfied that they are sound, I submit them with abiding faith to tha Judgment of the American people. Nebraska Sitting “on Top of World*’ With Good Crops Old Grazing Land Now Pro ducing Big Corn Yield; Flour Mills Grind Overtime. By WILL M. MAt PIN. Staff ( ormpralpnt The On»h» Bee. Grand Island. Neb., Aug. 14.—The reat wheat special has been running through a country that has produced an enormous crop of wheat, but wi'l also harvest an enormous crop of corn. There is a little strip between Gothenburg and Lexington that neec rain, but the corn is standing well and prospects are good. Karly this spring the wheat grow ers in this section were "down in the mouth." The wheat seemed to have come through the winter in poor shape and a small yield was antlci 1»ated. But ppring rains came along and.Dawson county is harvesting an Immense wheat crop. Men who are in close touch with the situation esti mate that the county will ship 1.150. ono bushfls, with two big mills, one at Gothenburg and one at Lexington, milling an immense amount in addi tion. The Lexington mills are run ning 24 hours a day at WO barrt capacity, and orders are piling up. Grazing I-and Cultivated. Dick Geiken. 14 miles southwest. 4s just finishing hauling in J.f*00 bushel* of old corn, raised in hills that a few years ago were considered Li only for grazing. EL G. West, one of the earliest set tiers In western Dawson county, say* the crops this year will put the farm ers. business men and hankers ovet the hill, but better than all else is the psychological effect. At Kearney. J. P. Gibbon, who has been In the grain business for more •han JO years, declared the wheat ; harvest to have been one of the best In history, with every propect of a corn crop better than normal. There is no finer agricultural country In the world than the Platte valley around Kearney, and the tableland* to the north, are almost equally pro ductive. The potato crop around Kearney is fine and the Union Paci fic is figuring on from SOO^a 600 car loads out of that station. Same Old Story. Gibbon. Shelton and Woodrtver between Kearney end Grand Island, tel! the same story ef a bumper wheat yield, wonderful com prospects an-1 a tremendous revival in busines.-. The wheat special's last car of wheat was picked up at Shelton, end frov. there on into Omaha the special of Til cars containing 115.000 bushels will be rolled along passenger time. C A Moore, sul>ennten<1en» of tb Nebraska division, has had charge of the special today. W. M. Irvine, ma ter machanic; has alao been along CAiarles J. Ians general freight agent also joined the srheat special, accompanying it ae far as Kearnej The wheat special has attracted great attention. All along the line tb hankers, business men. groin men and farmers have been ready ami willing to impart all possible infor mation. And from every one comes < the same story of good cheer. Thera is a smile on every face. Few hope and courage in every heart. Right now Nebraska ie sitting on top of thi world. GRIEF OVER SON FATAL TO MOTHER Mrs Anna Peklo, $f. 510* South Twentieth street. died from grief over the mysterious disappearance of her « 'P Frank Peklo former auditor of the Wi'.'imen of (he World, about a ye r ago. ta tha verdict of friend*. A stroke of paralysis was the tr mediate cause of her death M’edne* day. Besides her husband. Mr* Peklo i* survived by two son* t'harles and Joe. one ,1aughtri Mrs Ann* Ve* ley. and 1(1 gran*k'hildren DEFENSE DAY CIRCULAR OUT ■ Ton mar h* able to deftn* patriot lam, but you will personify It on na tlonal defense day, September It" That is the handbill being Issued from the Seventh corps area am-y headquarters with (Jen. George 14. Puncan'a st»(ement that "patrtone pressure" might 1-e usevl to induce Oi-'.ren* to -oln i the ceremonies The covet nor refused to call ttp-n Nebras kans to participate In the detnonstr* lion* of Pefense day BttMnm Mon of Wittrn Orginiir Community Club Mitten S P. Aug 14—Buslnses men ami farmeta of thta after heartn* an ad-V-e*a hr ?te\ J, \v '/.orhe. ao ret.tr\ of the Colon* ' CrtmmuoUy oluh, on ran I ted a cam »m*nlt> clnh here J, C Thompno* naa e!o'ted chairman and Fathe Kellv aeoret*r\ J C. Thomson n %*» elected a member of tha aieetiV' committee of the <• neater Reea! lb *•