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Jr.-i,
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RED CLOUD, NEBRASKA, CHIEF
V
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TAKES SKILL TO
GUT DIAMONDS
Methods 0 Turning the Rough
Stones Into Brilliants Ex
plained by Expert.
WORLD WAR PUT PRICES UP
But They Are Being Bought and Dis
played In This Country More Than
Ever Before Very Few Are
Perfect.
New York. -Diamonds lis coveted
Kciiih und ornumcuts lutvc lost none of
their popularity. Since the lute wur
many persons uho never possessed
these lirllllnntH are wearing them to
day, even tlmiij-h they cost more than
formerly. Few persons ruulle the
.skill It takes to cut und polish dln
tnonds for the market.
"Diamonds as they are found In the.
rmmh Htnte." Herbert P. Whltlock,
eunitor of the department of mineral
ok.v nt the Museum of Natural Ills
tnry. wild, "are not Impressive. They
liave none of the inttKlcnl Hashes of
llKht which In the polished stone
makes them unique utnoiif the nohle
family of kciiisv And It Is here that
31 goodly part of the price of diamonds
Is accumulated. For the art of turn
Inn n ruuuh diamond Into a polished
tirillinnt is u long process rcqulrln;:
n superlative degree of skill. There Is
110 better way to appreciate this than
to follow the diamond from the mine
to the Jeweler nml see for ourselves
Just what happens to It.
"When the diamonds are recovered
from the mine they are not by nny
means nil of them clear and colorless
its n self-respect I tin diamond should
lie; Indeed, only about -fi per cent of
the stones found are without somo
faint color.
"So we find that nt the beginning
of Its travels the diamond Is Intro
duced to the sorter. The sorter Is n
kind of super-expert on diamonds,
whose eye has been trained through
years of practice to' detect the slight
est variations in color of diamonds
nnd to And (laws in the stones with
an ease which Is little less than un
canny. Sorting the Diamonds.
"The first consideration In sorting
diamonds Is the adaptability of the
stone for cutting. Let us assume that
the stone whose travels we are fol
lowing Is sorted Into the grade known
as 'close goods,' comprising flawless
crystals from which fnlr-slzcd bril
liants enn be cut, or, to use the trade
term, 'made.' These usually huvo
eight sides or facets triangular In
'fdiapc. Next comes n re-sorting of
the 'close goods' into eight grades,
'ranging from blue white, which com
prises the. finest quality stones, to yel
.low and brown, which are so badly
off color as to he unfit for gems.
"If our stone lias passed the criti
cal test of the sorter nnd Is plnced
In one of the higher grades. It Is
weighed, wrapped up In n parcel with
others of Its kind, n price per carat
Is assigned to It and It Is sold to n
diamond dealer and ultimately finds
Its wny to the workshop of the dia
mond polisher. Here at the bunds of
n highly skilled workman It Is des
tined to be turned Into n gem tit to
grnce beauty or opulence. ,
"Most of this Is done In Holland,
nnd especially In Amsterdam, which,
since tho Fifteenth century, has been
famous for this Industry.
"The surfacu Irregularities, together
with any superficial flaws, are first
split away from the stono. . , .
Sometimes when the stone Is lnrgo
It Is of ndvnntnge to saw It Into two
or more pieces so as to save ns much
ns possible of the weight In cut dia
monds. "The rough shaping of the diamond
is done through an operation called
'bruiting,' which consists of wearing
nwny tho comers by rubbing one stono
ngalnst another. This wna formerly a
'manual process, tho two diamonds be
ing mounted on sticks held In either
hnnil by the lapldury. Hut even in
tho ancient and conservative urt of
Milk for the Children of Berlin
Sceno In ono or the distributing plants or tho Salvation Aruiy In Berlin,
where 10,000 poor nnd hungry children have received a can of condensed milk
'each for ten weeks In succession. ,
Four Little Princes of Japan
j"s? nt .. m
vajs., 4flfapipflLj 1 fN art
vrtzria iJsi iwmw,,- . Pi
'Mfi v- -:-v ... u. .. ..m. i.iin:;,ttui... ?."; ;.sv
""'" JZ&ZJ8IZ
The four son of the crown prince of .lapan, on a visit to Nlkko. studying
n map or the city In the municipal olllces. Their tutor, nn army officer, Is
pointing out the various mentions. The lads are studying municipal govern
ment In the various cities of Japan.
diamond cutting some mechanical Im
provements have crept In, and now In
n.ot of the shops a rapidly turning
spindle takes the place of one of the
hand sticks.
"Having rough-shuiKd our diamond.
up now come to the llnlshlng opera
tion, the producing of the facets which
give brilliancy and sparkle to It and
which Is technically known as pol
ishing. The holder of the stone dur
ing the polishing consists of a small
metal cup on a long stem which Is
called n uop, nuu miicn resemmes a
tulip. A solder composed of one part
tin and three parts lead Is placed In
the dop and heated until soft. The
dlnmond is then Imbedded In tins sol-
Tells How to
Kill Trichinae
Department of Agriculture Car
ries on Experiments With
Aid of Packers.
MAKE PORK SAFE TO EAT
Salt and Suitable Temperature Fatal
to Parasite Time Element Is
Also Figured Out for Each
Variety of ProducO
Washington. A long series of ex
periments to nsccrtnln whnt tre-tt-nicnt,
other tban cooking, will thor
oughly destroy trlchlnuu nnd render
1. n.i..u cfifn for roiisumntlon
IUIK HUUUl.ia u...- ---
has recently been conducted by the
United States Department of Agricul
ture. It is hoped that the findings
from these experiments will save
niuny from the ureaueu maminc
trichinosis. Hyglcnlcally, tho custom
of eating uncooked pork and pork
products Is regarded by the medlcnl
profession as very much to be discour
aged; but the toothsome summer
sausa'ge. smoked sausage, peppronl,
pickled snusnge nnd n number of oth
er dainties continue to tempt tho
American public to defy tho physician.
fin, nvnnrimiMitH urovcd of double
service. In addition to fixing tho
safety In the various methods of cur
ing pork without cooking, they cut
down the time consumed In the proc
esses In somo cases ns much as fivo
days, permitting considerable saving
In the cost of manufacture. Prior to
these Investigations comparatively lit
tlu was known concerning the effects
of processes used in curing pork upon
tho vitality of trichinae, which Is the
cause of trichinosis.
It has been assumed ns a governing
mmmm-wm jsfsw CN
.. . . .-t .
er with a portion of the stono on which
the desired facet Is to bo cut placed
uppermost and almost completely sur
rounded by the solder.
'The dop Is now fastened by means
of Its stem In a heavy Iron arm called
the tongs, In Mich a position as to
bring "the position of the facet to be
cut exactly undermost when it Is
placed In contact with the polishing
wheel or lap. The latter Is made of
soft Iron nnd turns at the rate of
nhout 1,000 revolutions n minute. Sev
eral hours are required to cut one
facet, then the stone is readjusted for
another one. until all of thens little
facets In which lies the secret of Its
brilliancy are produced."
principle by tho department's special
ists that the consumer Is himself re
sponsible for the proper preparation
of fresh pork und pork products that
are usually cooked before eating, but
that the manufacturer Is under obli
gations to make sure thut pork prod
ucts sold lis cooked products are prop
erly cooked, or, If of a kind custom
arily eaten without cooking, to mtiko
sure thut the products uro free, from
live trichinae.
In the federal meat Inspection regu
lations it Is therefore provided that
products cooked In establishments un
der Inspection must be cooked In ac
cordance with methods approved by
the bureau of animnl Industry.
Most of tho department's experi
mental work was curried out In co
operation with certain meat packing
establishments In Chicago. Tho In
vestigators selected the methods of
preparing pork without cooking that
seemed likely to be efllcuclous in de
stroying trichinae nnd nt tho same
time suited to practical requirements
of manufacture. Several new meth
ods were devised.
The Investigation shows that pork
products of the kinds customarily
eaten without cooking mny be ren
dered snfe for consumption, so far us
trichinosis Is concerned, but thut it
Is necessnry to follow n special curing
process adapted to each. Salt Is an
essential In most of tho processes.
Sausages of moderate size bnvo
been rendered harmless by mixing not
lens than three and one-third pounds
of salt with every hundredweight of
meat, followed by preliminary curing
nnd then by drying. After the salt
has been Introduced tho sausages
must he dried nt least 20 days In u
temperature not lower than 45 degrees
Fahrenheit. A period of five days Is
nlbwed for preliminary curing, which
mny be curtailed, provided the time In
the drying room Is correspondingly In.
crensed.
Treating Other Varieties.
In the evso of peppronl, which are
sausages stuffed In long, narrow, thin
casings, It wits found feasible to re
duce the curing period to 20 days, of
which nt least J 5 days must bu given
to drying.
Smoked snusugfrfl mny bo rendered
harmless by being subjected to a pie
llmluary cure nnd then smoked nt
temperatures ranging around 80 de
grees Fahrenheit for 40 hours, fob
lowed by drying for terr duys. Sausage
smoked nt n temperature of 12.1 de
gives to 1.10 degrees Fhhreuhelt, for
a lelutlvely brief period, following u
preliminary curing period of six days,
Is rendered harmless without subse
quent drying.
Unms are rendered fro from
trichinae by two methods. One Is to
cure them with dry suit four pounds
or more to tho hundredweight for n
period of 40 days, and then smoke or
pnlo-dry them for ten days ut u tem
perature not less than 05 degrees
The second method Is to euro them on
the basis of three days for every
pound of meat followed by 48 ho'irs
of smoking nt n temperature of not
less than 80 degrees, and finally by
20 days' drying tit n temperature not
lower than 45 degrees.
Salt and suitable temperatures are
tho principal means of destroying
trichinae.
NEBRASKAJN BRIEF
Timely News Culled From All
Parts of the State, Reduced
for the Busy.
SCORES OF EVENTS COVERED
The Mudcut population of Lincoln Is
11.001!.
The stale really dealers association
will meet at Lincoln .limitary 11.
The M. I'J. church at I2eter has Just
closed u very successful revival.
The Nebraska Territorial Pioneers'
association will bold Its annual reunion
nt Lincoln .liniuary 11.
Fred Illiickliurn, a negro, has con
fessed to police that he hail robbed 1!0
homes hi Omaha recently.
North Platte olllccrs found nn Illicit
still in opciation In a tank car on the
railroad tracks nt that place.
The annual conference of the county
superintendents of the slate will be
held at Lincoln .lanuary i:i-1fi.
Lincoln barbers have reduced nrlees
and are now giving a hair cut for JW !
cents and a shave for 20 cents.
Prospects are bright for it free
bridge across the Missouri river be
tween Oinahn ai(5l Council IllulTs.
Over a hundred members of the
state bar association attended the ban
quet of thut body at Lincoln last
week.
Henry Ostenson, of Norfolk, was
found dead in his room at an Omaha
hotel. His death Is being , Invest I
gated. Auto license plates to the number of
'iOO.(NN) are now ready for issue. Near
ly 10.000 state licenses have already
been delivered.
The bonded Indebtedness of the
state on the first day of December was
$r0,2Sti.i:i2, according to returns In the
auditor's otllce.
Twelve members of the university
basket ball team have gone to Uihaua,
III., where they will meet Illinois In n
series of contests.
A Whitman ranch owner, who want
ed to get home In a hurry, paid an air
plane taxi S.100 to take him from
Omaha to that place.
More than 100 petitions, asking that
capital punishment be abolished In Ne
braska, have been sent out by Mrs.
O. W. I In j ex of Omaha.
Martin Klnwiko.so, of Auburn, holds
the record for com husking this sea
son tt.ano bushels In thirty-seven days,
nearly 100 bushels a day.
Contributions totaling $2.",781.:i7 for
relief of starving children In Central
Europe huvo been received to date by
G. W. Wattles, state chairman.
George Jensen, nn 8-yenr-old Omnhn
boy, was fatnlly Injured when be col
lided with n speeding automobile while
constlng, dying n few hours nfterwurd.
Frank Kutu, nn 11 year old boy, was
shot through the heart and Instantly
killed by nn older brother, while play
ing soldier at their home nt Columbus,
Hogs nro on the upgrade nt the
South Omnhn stock yards nnd quite
n number of Nebraska farmers ship
ped loads last week that brought top
prices.
Jose Sanchez, Burlington round
house employe, was shot and killed nt
McCook by Pete Lopez, section labor
er, following Sanchez refusal to loan
lilm money during a poker game.
Commerce High school buildings nt
Omaha, together with several apart
ments and dwellings In the same
block, were destroyed by fire New
Year's day, with nn approximate loss
of $150,000.
A grip belonging lo Mrs. Ida Adam
son of Iteatrice, containing about $700
In notes, was stolen from the Bur
lington station at that place shortly
a'fter Mrs. Adamson ulliditcd from a
train on her return from a trip In
Iowa.
Investigation shows that Dr. Charles
Vj. Ilershman, well known Alliance pin
fesslonnl and business man, who died
suddenly In his office while treating u
patient, was killed by an electric
shock from his newly Installed X-ray
machine.
One of the noticeable features of
trading at the Omaha Slock Yi.rds on
New Year's day was the puichasu of
more than a dozen carloads of cattle
by representatives of Swift & Co., for
shipment to tho Western Meat Co., tt
Swift & Co. brunch In San Francisco.
Eastern cement manufacturers who
have bad men scouring Kansas and
Nebraska, ami who recently spent
oyer $111,000 In making tests In Jeffer
son county, have expressed interest In
their find of lhm dlsilnct kinds of
clay formation near Wymore In Gage
county.
Tlu welfare committee of the
Womnn's club supplied a number of
poor families of Tecuuiseb with Christ
mas cheer. A big dinner was tnken to
each, Including chickens, fresh nnd
canned vegetables fruits, candles und
nuts. Also there wiih n distribution
of clothing, bedding mid some fuel.
Jlmmle Keating of Lincoln "wanted
to Join the navy, but was short on
weight. A conference with the police
Judge resulted In a Jail sentence, and
in sixteen days ho succeeded In put
ting on weight enough to secure for
himself a four-year "hitch" with
Undo Sam.
Walter Crom, a fnrm bund from To
kamub, was found lying unconscious,
his face, hands und feet frnreu, near
the railroad tracks In Omaha. Police
believe that the man was overcome by
the cold as he was wandering near the
railroad track.
Gnge county farmers who linvo
leased 48,000 acres of land to tho Ne
braska Oil nnd Gits Dcvnlopmcnt com
pany now propose to operate the com
pany themselves. At a recent meeting
it was voted to offe.r to fake oyer the
active mnnngement, permitting the
company to retain one-third of the
leases In caso oil Is found.
Tho Aurora Notary club will cel
ebrate Its first birthday with a bnnqut
January 17.
Firemen attending tho state convex
tlon nt York, January 18 and 10, wUl
get special rates on rallroud fare.
A total of 02,170,000 bushels of grain
were received and 51,743,700 bushels
were shipped out by tho Omnhn Grain
Exchange during the year Just closed.
Ncbraskn Federation of ltetatlcrt
will hold a meeting nt Omnhn, Jnuunry
21-28. Tho association embraces deal
ers In shoes, furniture, dry goods,
clothing and groceries.
Governor MeKelvIe has appointed
Mrs. C. H. Dietrich of Hnstings n mem
ber of the state library commission In
place of S. A. Komer of Lincoln who
tcslgned some time ago.
The Union Stock Yards of Omaha la
tho second live stock market of the
world, and In better shape to bandlo
business than In 'any of thu .'$7 jears
It has been in existence.
Three hundred post adjutants of No
braska chapters of the American Iav
glou have been Invited to it conference
ut Lincoln, January 12, by State Ad
Jutnnt Frank It. O'Connell.
A. D. Ilnjs, a member of the Lin
coln lire denurtment. died of heart
failure as he was returning from work
at the municipal skating rink, which
ne nan neen nooning wttti water.
Several hundred men employed la
the car nnd motlte power shops of
the Burlington ut lluvelock, Plutts
mouth and division points In Nebras
ka, hac been laid off for nn Indcllnlta
period.
Annexation Is worrying University
Place cltbens ngaln. During the past
two sessions of the legislature meas
ures to annex that city to Lincoln huvo
been Introduced, hut fulled to get
through.
A guarantee fund of $10,000 hns
been pledged by Lincoln citizens for
the purchase nnd distribution of eonl
to worthy people who are out of worlc
or are unable to purchase fuel Just at
present.
The Phittsmouth city council bus de
cided that the contract lecently made
with the lighting company nt that
place was not valid, uccordlng to law,
ns the deciding vote wns cust by the
mayor.
Stock shippers from Wyoming nnd
other western states say that prices
In the South Omaha market nre much
better than those of other places to
which they have made shipments
recently.
Frank W. Atkins, Htnte representn-tlve-elect
from Gnge coirty, has ten
dered bis resignation ns deputy slier
In to the board of supervisors nnd B.
C. Sullsbury bus been named as his
successor.
C. K. Hartford, state fire marshal,
estimates that while the totnl fire loss
lu Nebraska for 11)20 will be little If
any greater than In 1010, the loss by
Incendiary fires bus Increased to nn
alarming extent
John W. Steel, snld to be tho "real
Coal Oil Johnnie" who won his nnme
when ho opened up un oil field in
Pennsylvania years ugo, nnd mnde nnd
spent several fortunes from oil, died
In Omaha last week.
Auburn sportsmen made n big kill
ing near that place, hugging 480 cotton
lulls, twenty-seven Jack rabbits, three
crows, three hawks nnd one opossum.
The rabbits were sold and the money
used for the benefit of tho needy.
A heavy run of bogs showed up at
South Omaha Inst Tuesday, nhout 1J1,
500 head, and prices suffered one of
tho worst breaks of the season, 50fl
00c. Torts brought $0.05 nnd bulk of
the trading was at $0.25(0.00.
Af'cr an ofllclnl count, Postmaster
Daniel announced that from December
20 to 21, Inclusive, this year, the parcel
post department at Omaha handled
10,501 bags of mall, ns cojnpnred with
4,044 bags In the same period of 1010
an increase of 120 per cent.
It Is estimated that $12,000,000 Is
paid out annually to the employes of
the various packing plants if Omaha,
and although there was n decrease In
the receipts of llvo stock, most all of
the employes were kept steadily cm
plo.ed at the different plants.
In the face of a heavy decrease In
live stock at all of the big western
markets, the Omaha market remains
In second place by u margin of ni-
proximutcly 550,000 bend of all kinds
of stock, leading Kansas City, which Is
In third place, by this margin.
It will cost the state $770,5110 more
during the next two yenrs to run its
statu Institutions according to nn es
timate made by the bonrd of contiol
In Its report Just made public. The to
tal cost during the blcnnlum Just past
was $:i,:i7,0770. Tito estlmnted cost
for tho coming two yenrs, us given In
the annual report of the board, Is
$1,708,000.
After a thorough discussion of moro
than two hours, the State Bur associa
tion decided not to adopt a resolution
to Incorporate by u vote of 54 to H2,
This Is the fourth time the association
has def ated the move.
Governor MeKelvIe lias revived two
old customs, the Inaugural ball und
governor's military stuff. Inline
dlululy following the Inauguration
Januury 0, u reception will be held at
the governor's mnusiou mid dancing
will follow. Light refreshments will
be served. A reception for slate of
ficers and employes followed by danc
ing will bo held January 7.
A total of $8,740.70 cash from Doug
las county for American relief for
children lu central Europe has been
reported by State Chalrmnn Wattles.
Out-state gifts of $2,411.07 make a to
tul of $11,188.40 cash to dnte. The
quotu for Nebraska Is $8:50,000.
Mrs. Lena Jones of Wlsner bunged
herself with a sheet from a bod In her
room ut n sanllarluiu In Denver, where
sho wnB undergoing trcntment.
Grief-stricken, following the tragic
denth of his sweetheart In Omaha a
few weeks ngo, Francis Alexander
killed himself with a rifle at bis home
In !Iays Center.
WOMEN HEED SWAMP-BOOT
Thousands of women havo kidney
bladder trouble and never aunpcct it.
Women' complaint often prove to be
nothing clue but kidney trouble, or tb
rrnult of kidney or bladder disease.
If the kidneya are not in a bealtkf
condition, tbey may cause tho other or
gans to becomo dincated.
Pain in the back, headache, loss of an
bition, ncrvoumcM, are often time symp
toms of kidney trouble.
Don't delay starting treatment. Dr.
Kilmer's Swamp-Root, a physician's pre
scription, obtained at any drug store, may
be just the remedy needed to orereosM
such conditions.
Get a medium or large sire bottle h
medlately from nny drug store.
However, if you winh first to test thU
arcat preparation send ten cents to Dr.
Kilmer k Co., Ilinghamton, N. Y., for a
ample bottle. When writing be sure m4
mention this paper. Adv.
Her Translation.
"Sny, looky hero!" demnnded
chin-whiskered customer lu the rapid
fire restaurant. "I want a good sub
stantial meal ; no frills or flxln's, yun
dcrstnnd, but suthln' that'll till tm
up."
"Bnlo o' hay for the gent from Jlmp
son Junction!" calmly yelled Helolse
the waitress, back to the kitchen.
Kansas City Stnr.
A new t'nrj't't will mnke nlmost any
hotel bedroom seem luxurious.
AM OPEN LETTER
TO WOMEN
Mrs. Little Telb How She
Suffered and How, Finally
Cured
Philadelphia, Pa. "I was not able to
do my housework and had to lie down
most oi tnc time ana
felt bad in my loft
eido. My monthly
periods wero irreg
ular, sometimes five
or seven montna
apart and when they
did appear would Jast
lor two wccKa ana
were very painfuL I
wnB sick lor nbouca
year and a half and
doctored but without
lanv improvement.
A neighbor recommended Lydia EL
Pinkham's Vcgctablo Compound to me,
and the Bccona day after I started tak
ing it I began to feel better and I kept
on taking it for seven months. Now I
keep house and perform all my house
hold duties. You con uso these facts as
Uvincmtnn St. Philadelnhia. Pa.
How much hardor tho dally tasks of
a woman becomo when she suffers from
such distressing symptomrand weakness
as did Mrs. Little. No woman should
allow herself to get into such a condition
because such troubles may bo speedily
overcome by Lydia E. Pinkham's Vege
table Compound, which for more than
forty years has been restoring American
women to health.
Freed From
Torture
Eatonic Cleared Him
Up-Set Stomach
"The people who bnvo seen me suf
fer tortures from ncurnlKln brought on
by an up-set 'stomach now see me per
fectly sound and well absolutely due
to Katonlc." writes It. Long.
Profit by Mr. Long's experience, keep
your stomach In healthy condition,
fresh and cool, und avoid the ailments
that come from nn acid condition.
Knlonlc brings relief by inking up nnd
carrying out tho excess acidity nnd
gnses does It nulckly. Tnke an Entonlc
after entlng und see how wonderfully
It helps you. Dig box costs only a
trifle with your druggist's guarantee.
"Day rairy Soda packtd in tin
(a hp tht dainty fitthntf in. "
Jf? o
llJFAIRYSODAH
ws.
BISCUIT
WHITE BAKER
co.
5H0VIWHI1E BAKERIES
UnraWWOMACnYOtWHA
KEEP A CAN HANDY
IN YOUR PANTRY
The economical war to buy soda crackers la fa
the returnable can-ot less per pound and there
is no waste. The can keeps the crackeia irsck.
fina and crisp until consumed.
Fairy Sodas are preferred for every cracker aaa
wheaty flavor, wholesome, nourishing, satisfy
ing always and all ways.
Ask Your Grocer for I-TErTS Fairy Siu
and bo sure you get the genuine.
you please and I will recommend vege
table Compound to e veryono who suffers
as I did' Mrs. J. S. Little. 8466
BE A NURSE
Exceptional opportunity at tho present Ubm
for young women over nineteen years of an
who have had at least two years In high school
to take Nnrsoa' Training in general hospital.
Oar graduates axe in great demand. Address
Sept. of Nurses, Lincoln Sanitariusa
Lincoln. Nbraka '
A Bad Cough
! Iff eebcted, often leads to serious trposSt.
' fe(uard your beslth, relUrs you distress
ind soothe yow irritatad throat by Uktas
P I S O'S
iKKffi&tM3VSgMagW
