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IIANKSQIVINO DAY Lrb Iodr
and curlouB history and did not
originate entirely with the Pil
grims at Plymouth, (or Thanksgiv
ing days are mentioned In the Bi
ble days set apart for giving
thanks to Clod for some special
mercy. These days of fast and
prayer wero customary In England
4 umore mo ueiurmuuun, uuu imei
the Protestants appointed certain days of praise
and thanks for various blessings. The discov
ery of the Gunpowder Plot In 1G05 In London
brought the common sentiment of Thanksgiving.
A schomo had been foj-med to blow up parlia
ment house on tho Cth of Nbvombor, the first
day of the session. Great quantities of gunpow
der and Inllammablo material woro found con
cealed In tho vaults underneath tho building. Tho
plot was discovered nnd tho traitors wero exe
cuted. In consequence of this deliverance the
day was orderod to bo kept as "a public thanks
giving to Almighty God" every year that "un
feigned thankfulness may never bo forgotten, and
that all ages to come may yield praises to God's
divine majesty for the name." All ministers wero
ordered to say propers thereon, for which special
forms were provided. This unnual thanksgiving,
together with ono established later on May 29,
was abolished In 1833 In England, for both had
fallen Into disuse. For several years afterwards,
however, theso days wero recognized In Now
England by the Eplscopnl church on uccount of
Its place in their church calendars. England
continued to havo special days appointed for giv
ing thanks, and as recently ns 1872 thero was a
day Belocted for tho public to offer prnyera of
thanksgiving for tho recovery of tho Into King
Edward, then prlnco of Wales, from typhoid
fovor.
Tho first thanksgiving on tho Amorlcan conti
nent was hold by an English minister named
Wolfnll, nnd wob celebrated off tho coast of New
foundland. This pious innn accompanied the
Kroblsher expedition which brought tho first Eng
lish colony to North America. The log of tho
ship givos tho record of the day's observances
and tells how on Monday, May 28, 1578, aboard
tho Aydo, tho men received communion, ami how
Minister Wo! fall in a sermon gavo humble and
hearty thanks to God for his miraculous dollvor
anco In theso dangerous places. This wus tho
first Christian sermon preached in North Ameri
can watorB. Again In 1C07 thero was a similar
acrvlco held at Sagadahoc a little vlllago on
tho coast of Maine. Thero is llttlo record of
this thanksgiving except that It consumed only
few hours of tho day, after which tho people
returned to their lnbors.
The great American Thanksgiving day had Its
origin in tho Massachusetts colony In 1621, and
Gov. William Bradford, tho first governor of that
little band of sturdy pilgrims, sent out tho first
Thanksgiving proclamation, sotting apart a day
for prayer and rejoicing over the plenteous har
vest of that year. Tho Englishmen recalled their
Guy Fawkes thanksgiving, nnd tho Dutch remem
bered bearing their ancestors speak of the great
day of praise and prayer held at Lcyden, Hol
land, In 1G78, when that city was delivered from
a siege. So, the entire colony began their pious
preparation for what proved to bo the gayest ,
Thanksgiving the colony over knew, for after
the first ono, which lasted several days, tho
Puritan Thanksgiving nioant long sermons, long
prayers and long faces. Governor Bradford de
termined that tho Initial Thanksgiving should bo
celebrated with no llttlo ceremony nnd that
feasting should play a part In tho occasion. His
tory tells us thnt ho sent out four men, who
were to search for game for tho feast. Many
fowls wore shot In fact, enough to meet the
wants of the colony for a week. Wild turkeys
predominated, so It seems that tho turkey tnado
Its appearance early In tho history of Thanks
giving. The day selected was December lit (old
style). At tho dawn of that day a small cannon
was 11 red from the hill and a procession was
formed near the beach, closo to whore tho
Plymouth Rock now rests. Eldor BrowBter, wear
ing his ministerial garb and carrying the Bible,
led the procession as It moved solemnly along
the street. Tho men walked three abreast, with
Governor Bradford In tho rear. Thero was n
long service In tho meeting house, and after It
was over there was a dinner and such a din
ner had never been known In, tho colony, for,
apart from tho savory turkey' and other wild
fowl, tho women fad done their share In pro
viding good things from the limited supply at
their command. The most dramatlo Incident oc
curred when the dinner was in progress, for as
It by magic 90 friendly red men, under King
Ma8sa8olt, appoared, carrying haunches of veni
son as an addition to tho feast Thanksgiving
day soon lengthened Into days, for tho psalm
singing and feasting, interspersed with war
dances, were continued several days.
After that Thanksgiving days took on a differ
ent aspecf, and occurred at any season; some
times twice a year or sometimes a year or two
were skipped, JUBt as It
pleased tho governor of
the colony, until 1G64,
when the 'day became a
formal one In Massachu
setts. Other colonies fol
lowed the example, and
pretty soon all New Eng
land joined In giving
thanks on tho same day.
During the Revolution
ary war Thanksgiving
days became a fashion,
and tho continental con
gress sot apart at least
eight days during ono
year for that purpose.
On December 18, 1777,
General Washington Is
sued a proclamation for a
genoral Thanksgiving to
bo colebrnted by tho sol
diers of tho Continental army. In 1789 congress
decided to ask tho president to issu n proclama
tion asking the peoplo to suspend work and give
thanks on a certain day of the year. Thero had
been considerable opposition to the pnssago of
tho bill, somo of the reasons given being more
humorous than serious. President Washington
acquiesced In the wUhes of congress nnd Issued
a proclamation appointing November 2G of that
year as tho dny for tho American peoplo to join
In thanksgiving to God for tho care 'and pro
tection ho had given them in their plentiful
harvest und freedom from epidemics.
From tlmo to time our presidents Issued
proclamations, but It was generally left to the
governors of tho states to determine on what
day It should occur. Under the administration of
John Adams two national fast days wero ob
served, but no real Thanksgiving. It was not
until 1S15, after thrco national fasts on nccount
of tho wnr, that another national Thanksgiving
was appointed by tho president, .Inmes Madison:
Tills wub duo to penco with Great Britain. After
this thero wns another lull In proclamations ns
far ns presidents wero concerned until 1849, when
President Tnylor set n day of fast on August tho
third on nccount of tho cholera. Mcnnwhllo tho
national Thanksgiving dny seemed to bo dying
out, exrept In tho Now England states. Then
came tho Civil war, and tho nntlon wns again
summoned to fasting, nnd two such days were
kept In 1861 January 4 nnd September 2G but
it was not until 1863 that tho horizon had so
brightened ns to warrant tho appointment of a
national Thanksgiving. Immediately after the
Battle of Gettysburg Mrs. Sarah J. Halo, a Boston
woman, wroto to President Lincoln suggesting a
national thanksgiving, nnd following her advice,
the president Bet apart Thursday, August 6, as
a day of "pjalse and prayer." On November 26
of tho Bame year another Thanksgiving was kept,
and this was really a great festival and observed
in every northern stato. In 1861 tho 24th of
November was kept. After this, with one ex
ception, our groat national day of thanks has
been celebrated on tho last Thursday lit No
vember. Tho presidential proclamations contain very
little that Is new or original nnd usually tako tho
form of an essay. In 1898, after tho Spanish
American war, President McKlnloy had a chance
to vary the conventional form by "giving special
thanks for tho restoration of peace." This was
Just 100 years after Washington's proclamation.
President Roosevelt, who always did original
things, declared "that a Thnnksglvlng proclama
tion could not bo made n brilliant oplgrammatl
cal paper." Tho proclamation of the prosldont
stamps the fenst with u sort of ofllcial character
something possessed by no other holiday. This
proclamation docs not ninko It a legal holiday '
It merely recommends that tho pooplo suspend
business for tho day. A special statute In each
stato is required to mako the day n legal holi
day, and this has not been enacted In every
stato.
Tho day was originally set apart for thanksgiv
ing, fasting, prayer and religious devotions, but
the modern Thanksgiving has become a day of
feasting and Jollity, and Is made tho occasion
of all sorts of sports and festivities. The craze
for outdoor life keeps many from tho churches,
although the places of worship continue to bo
filled with "a goodly company," who gather to
glvo thanks to him "from whom cometh every
good and every perfect gift."
Tho turkey is still king of tho Thnnksglvlng
fenst and ns an addition tho good Ihlngs of the
field nnd vineyard havo been nddod. Tho famouB
pigeon pie, which was a popular Thanksgiving
dish in tho early part of tho nineteenth century,
Is rarely Been In theso dnys. Tho wild pigeons,
which Wlghtod In groat numbors on tho buck
wheat fields, woro enticed by a docoy duck with
in a spring net nnd caught by tho hundred.
They wero kept nllvo and fattened on grain until
the day before Thanksgiving, when they were
killed and made Into a pie for tho Thanksgiving
table.
Most of the old customs of the da bare
MtTMTlONAL
aisrsaiooL
Lesson
By E. O. HKLf.nitS, Director of Evening
Department, The Moody Ulble Institute,
Chicago.)
LESSON FOR NOVEMBER 23
GAS. DYSPEPSIA
AND INDIGESTION
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passed out of existence. The turkey rafflo with
dice Is still a custom In somo parts of tho coun
try. Usunlly the turkey Is a tough bird, which
wus purchased cheap by tho proprietor of the
saloon (for the raffle usunlly takes placo thore).
The rattle, of course, draws a crowd of men, who
incidentally patronize tho bar during the pro
ceedings. Another 'sportivo foaturo of Thanks
giving no longer in voguo was tho shooting
match, where live turkeys 'tied to sticks were
used. This cruel practice was abandoned be
cause tho New England clergy objected, not on
account of Its cruelty, but because It kept the
men away from tho church service. This reason
seems to fit In with the Idea of the men back In
tho acventeenth century who, while they were
eating a Thanksgiving dinner of venison, discov
ered that the deer had oeen killed on Sunday.
They at once sent for the Indian and had him
publicly whipped, and also compelled him to
return tho money which he had been paid for
tho deer. This being done, they at once re
sumed their dinner and finished up the venison.
Now York city is responsible for tho strangest
of all Thanksgiving customs, nnd one which has
only recently died out. Young men and boys
used to dress themselves In fantastic garb and
parado the streets hundreds of tho boys wear
ing their sisters' old clothes, tbelr faces smenred
with paint and their heads covered with wigs.
As lato as 1885 they held parades and mndo the
street hideous with their thumping drums and
blaring trumpets. In 1870 this queer perform
ance took on the dignity of a political parade and
prizes were distributed to the companies wearing
tho most' unique clothing. Senator William M.
Tweed, tho famous political boss of that period,
wns tho donor of a prlzo of $500 in gold. This
custom was undoubtedly a, survival of Guy
Fawkes days, carried out on a later day In the
year; for some unknown reason It was practiced
only In New York city.
Thanksgiving has always been a day of char
Ity, and In tho old days It was considered bad
luck to turn even a tramp from tho door, and
today our friendly Inns, almshouses and chartt
able institutions have their turkey dinners, usual
ly gifts from. charitable people. Our prisons, too,
servo their fnmates with a hearty meal and have
some sort of service of praise. The customs of
tho great national holiday may havo changed
somewhat, yet tho spirit of the first Thanksgiv
ing, which was held at Plymouth, In 1621, still
hovers about tho national day of prayer and
pralso of the twentieth century a Bplrlt of
thankfulness to God for his mercy and kindness
to tho peoplo of our great American republic.
FOR ARRIVING COOKS.
"How will I find the house?" asked the cook,
who had booked for Lonelyvllle.
"Can't go wrong," said her employer. "Oar
suburb maintains a reception committee at the
depot"
J03HUA THE NEW LEADER.
LKSSON THXT-Joihua l:l-.
GOLDEN TKXT-"Ho strong and of
good courage." Joshua 1:9.
"Now it came to pass" (v. 1). Things
do not happen In the kingdom of God,
they "come to pnsB." This world, na
tions, families or Individuals were not
Bet in motion by a creator who has
gone off neglectful of hlB creatures,
nor has he left thorn to blind fato
or inflexible law. Attention Is also
drawn to the time, "after the death
of Moses."
The call was clear and unquestion
ed, for tho Lord "spake." Our high
est responsibility is to that call which
comes from tho highest source of au
thority. This call came in tho tlmo of
great neod, Israel Is without a lead
er. Then follow the first words of
Jehoyah to this newly chosen leader
(v. 2) and which constitute his
charge, "Moses my servant Is dead,
now, therefore arise." This suggests
a prayerful attitude on the part of
Joshua, but in no way is It to be con
strued that Moses was a hindrance
to this forward march of the people of
God. Rather, that Moses' work was
completed and on the basis of his
work an advance waa to be made.
Obedience to Law.
The conditions laid upon Joshua
were: (1) Confidence due to this prom
ise of the presence of Jehovah (v. 6).
The personal pronoun "I" is used
seven times in these nine verses as
though God would make confidence
doubly assured. But confidence alone
was not enough, henco the necessity
of "courage" (v. 6). Strength 1b due
to confidence and quietness, Isa. Q0:
15, but courago Is the active principle
which Is the evidence of our strength
and courage. Conquest was not alono
conditioned upon courage (v. 6), but
also upon the sure foundation of the
word and oath of Jehovah. But
strength and courage are maintained
by obedience to law whether It be
physical, civil or spiritual, hence the
words of verse 7, the possession of
this land depended upon nbsolute un
flinching, invariable adherence nnd ob
servance of the law, "which Moses my
servant commanded."
Confidence and Authority.
But Jehovah never leaves his own
(v. C), Matt. 28:20, nor does he leave
man to blind fate or fortuitous cir
cumstances. Therefore wo read In
verse S tho counsel of Jehovah as to
tho method whereby Joshua and Is
rael may "prosper" (v. 7) or according
to the marglu "do wisely," viz., thoy
shall modltato upon tho books of the
law. This verso is enough for tho
entire class session. The leader, be
he preacher or teacher, who has any
doubt 'about tho word of God, or
stands dumb beforo tho empty tomb
had better seek a new vocation for
ho is tho apostle of a dying, disinte
grating class or church and a decad
ent faith. Tho origin of man, tho
mystery of life, tho destiny of tho
soul, demands tho voice of confidence
and authority not of uncertainty and
doubt. True prosperity and wisdom
aro conditioned upon our taking tho
word of God as the man of our coun
sel, tho light of our path, our daily
meditation. The definite result of
such a course is set beforo Joshuu,
and In addition he was promised tho
companionship (v. 9) of Jehovah every
step of the way. It Is Interesting In
this connection to remember that
Joshua was associated with Mosob in
tho flrst'experience of war in the his
tory of this young nation.
Conclusion. The greatest lesson be
fore ub at this tlmo Is that of continu
ity of the purposes of God. As great
and Important as Moses has been dur
ing his 40 years of leadership, yet he
was not necessary. ' The instrument
of divine deliverance, direction and
discipline, yea, tho voice of God to Is
rael, tho receiver of their complaints
and of their confessions, yet now he
has been romoved. What a tremen
douB blank ho must have left. Yet
Israel is to go forward, there is to be
no halting In Its, progress. God bad
been training men for 40 years, one
of whoso faith failed not at the sight
of the giants, ono who bud fellowship
with tho old and is now to face the
new. We recall the words of John
Wesley, Inscribed upon his memo
rial tablet In Westminster abbey, "God
buries his workmen, but cnrrles on
his work." Each individual In the
long succession of leaders has his ap
pointed task, and as he la loyal com
pletes that task thereby preparing the
way for a new leader. The abiding
principles that condition each man's
success aro loyalty and obedience,
The Golden Text Is In substance
thrice repeated. First, Joshua was to
be strong and of good courage be
cause of tho work ahead of him (v. 6) ;
second, he was to be strong and cour
ageous In the observance of the law;
and lastly he was to be strong and
courageouB In order to avoid the per
ils of fear and dismay which were
to beset the path of advance (v. 0).
A study of the romalnder of this
chapter reveals not only the orderly
response of the people but that the
peoplo, as well as God, also demand
ed ot their leader that ho should "be
strong mad ot a good courage."
"Pape's Diapepsin" settles sour,
gassy stomachs in five
minutesTime It!
You don't want a Blow remedy when
your stomach Is bad or an uncertain
one or a harmful one your stomach
Is too valuable; you mustn't Injure It
Pape's Diapepsin Is noted for its
speed in giving relief; its barmloss
ness; Its certain unfailing action In
regulating sick, sour, gassy stomachs.
Its millions of cures In IndlgcBtlon,
dyspepsia, gastrltiB and other stomach
trouble has mado It famous the world
over.
Keep this perfect stomach doctor In
your home keop It handy get a large
fifty-cent case from any dealer and
then if anyone should eat something
which doesn't ngreo with, them; If
what they eat lays like lead, ferments
and soura nnd forms gas; causes head
ache, dizziness nnd nausea; eructa
tions of acid and undigested food
remember as soon as Pape'B Diapepsin
comes In contact with the stomach all
such distress vanishes. Its prompt
ness, certainty and ease In overcoming
tho worst stomach disorders Is a rove
latlon to those who try it. Adv.
Natural Effect.
"What makes Dick seem so cul
up?"
"I saw his best girl looking daggers
at him."
i
Their Mission.
A largo crowd had gathered at th
station to receive tho fii js states
man. Tho reporter indicated a group
in tho foreground. "They are personal
friends, gathered to see blm about
speaking here,' ho explained.
"Is It necessary to use persuasion to
Induce him to speak?"
"Not at all ; they are going to try tc
prevent him." Judge.
A Woman's Heart.
She (gently) I am afraid I do not
lovo you enough to bo your wlfo, buti
I Bholl always bo your friend, and
sincerely wish for your happiness.
Ho (moodily) I know what I'll do.
Sho (anxiously) You surely will
not do yourself an Injury?
Ho (calmly) No, I will find happi
ness. I will marry some ono else.
She Horrors! Glvo mo another ,
day to consider. dear. Now York
Weekly.
No Change.
The prince of Monnco said of mar
rlago at a dinner in New York: s
"Through marrlngo a French wom
an gains her liberty, an English wom
an loses hers and an American wom
an" Tho prlnco paused and looked quiz-,
slcally, about him.
"Yes? The American woman?" said
a debutante
"Tho American woman," ended the
prlnco, "continues to do as sho likes."
Chinese Artist. N
In tho fourth century A. D. therft
lived in Chiua an artist, who was also
a poet. His name was Ku K'al-chlh.
In Loudon there Is a painting, a long
Bcroll, which for at least a thousand
years lias been treasured as his work;
and though that cannot bo proved, it
Is In all probability a painting by hla
hand. Ono day.wo are told, ho In
trusted to a friend a chest full of
paintings which ho had collected. For
better security ho fastened the lid of
tho chest and scaled tho fastening
with a seal. Tho friend however
coveted tho paintings, nnd hit on the
simple expedient of removing the
bottom of the box and so abstracting
thorn. When the box was restored to
Ku K'al-chlh, he broke tho seal and
found it empty. But he suspected
no theft nnd expressed no surprise.
Beautiful paintings; ho said, communl
cato with supernatural beings; they
have, changed their form and flown
away, like men wlion they join the
immortals. Laurenco Blnyon, in th
Atlantic.
FAMILY OF FIVE
All Drank Coffee From Infancy.
It Is a common thing in this country
to boo whole famllleB growing up with
nervous systems weakened by coffee
drinking.
That is because many parents do
not reallzo that coffee contains a dnjg
caffeine which causes the trouble.
(Tho saiue drug ie found in .tea.)
"Thero aro flvo children In my fam
"Uy," writes an Iowa mother, "all of
whom drank coffee from Infancy up
to two years ago.
"My husband and I had heart trouble
and were advised to quit coffee. We
did bo and began to uso Postum. We
now are doing without medicine and
are entirely relieved of heart trouble.
(Caffeine causes heart trouble when
continually used as In coffee drink
ing.) "Our eleven-year-old boy had a weak
digestion from birth, and yet always
craved and was given coffee. When
we changed to Postum he liked It and
we gavo him all be wanted. He baa
benn restored to health by Postum and
still likes It."
Narao given by Postum Co., Battle
Creek, Mich. Write for the little
book, "The Road to Wellvllle."
PoBtum comes In two forms:
Regular Postum must be boiled.
Instant Postum Is a soluble powder.
A teaspoonful dissolves quickly in s
cup of hot water and, with cream and
sugar, makes a delicious beverage
Instantly. Grocers sell both kinds,
"There's a reason" for Postass.
A
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