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VOLUME 7, NUMBER' 31
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Fred Nye, ono of tho nssoclato
editors of tho Now York World, was
killed in a stroot acctdont in Now
York City. Ho was 51 years of ago
and was formerly a nowspapor man
in Nebraska.
Eight Amorican soldiers, mombers
of tho hospital corps, wore stricken
with yellow fev6r in Cuba,
President Roosovolt was urged to
intervene in the telegraphers' strike,
but he declined.
Tho Pope manufacturing company
at Hartford, Conn., has gone into the
hands of a receivor. Albert L. Pope
has boon appointed receiver. This
company was a largo manufacturer
of automobiles and bicycles.
Secretary Taft delivered the open
ing speech of his campaign Monday,
August 19, before tho Buckeye Re
publican club at Columbus, Ohio.
' The Georgia legislature has passed
tho so-called negro disfranchisement
bill.
In convention at Baltimore the
Maryland republicans made the fol
lowing nominations: For governor,
George R. Gaither of Baltimore; for
attorney general, Hammond Urner of
Fredericks for comptroller, James
P. Baker of Kent county; for clerk
p'fLthe court of appeals, Thomas Par-
ran or. uaiveru counxy.
An Associated Press dispatch from
New York says: "Secretary of the
Treasury Cortelyou, according to tho
Times, has decided again to come
to the relief of the money market,
and distribute government funds to
aid the movement of crops this year,
-The plan pursued last year is to be
followed with, some modifications,
but in general it will bo that adopt
ed by Secretary Shaw in hiB regime.
6nQ'o';the ideas in tho minds of the
officers of the treasury department
via that the government should place
its funds 4n the banks, subject to
withdrawal by check. It is not ex
pected that anything like the amount
needed last year will be called for
this season. If it is the treasury will
bo In better shape to meet the call,
as under an act of last congress cus
toms receipts may be deposited in the
banks. Under the now method thw
customs receipts will be used for the
relief of the smaller institutions,
while tho larger fund will be sent to
the centers of distribution."
Secretary of War Taft delivered
the "opening speech" of his presiden
tial campaign at Columbus, Ohio.
Concerning this speech the Associat
ed Press makes the following synop
sis: "Secretary Taft declares the
railroad rate law to be ono of the
best enactments of the last congress,
opening the way more fully to stop
discriminations, rebates and other
railroad evils. Ho answers some ob
jections made to the bill by Mr.
Bryan and admits that amendments
are necessary. Mr. Taft says ho is
opposed to government ownership,
and tells why. He discusses the
trust question and defines unlawful
monopoly. He would not eradicate
trusts, but would restrain unlawful
combinations, and believes that im
prisonment of one or two of , the chief
promoters would have a healthful ef
fect. Federal license of corporations,
he thinks, is worth a trial. State
legislation is competent to deal with
tho question of swollen fortunes.
Tho secretary concurs absolutely in
tho policies of President Roosevelt,
and denies that they tend toward so
cialism. He pays considerable atten
tion to W. J. Bryan's theories of gov
ernment. He favors change In tariff
schedules, but says that any attempt
to change the present system to a
free trade basis will lead to disaster.
Ho gives tho president credit for
present day reforms."
On the tariff question Mr. Taft
spoko as follows: "I come now tp
tho question of tariff revision, and its
rolation to tho unlawful trusts. The
Dingley tariff was adopted immed
iately after the election of McKin
ley. Since that time we have passed
through tho Spanish war and have
had a decade of prosperity and an
increase of expansion of trade un
exampled in the history of this or
any other country. Tho republican
principle of tho protective tariff is,
as I understand It, that through the
customs revenuo law a tariff should
be collected on all imported pro
ducts that compete with American
products, which will at least equal
a difference In the cost of produc
tion in this country and abroad, and
that proper ' allowance should be
made in this difference, for the rea
sonable profits to the American man
ufacturer. The. claim of protection
ists, and it has been abundantly jus
tified in the past, is that protection
secures a high rate of wages and
that the encouragement it gives to
the home industry operating under
the influence of an energetic compe
tition between American manufac
turers, induces such improvement in
the methods of manufacture and
such economies as to reduce greatly
the price for the benefit of the Amer
ican public and makes it possible to
reduce tho tariff without depriving
the manufacturer of ,needed protec
tion and a good profit. It Is the
duty of tho republican party, how
ever, to see to it that tho tariff on
imported articles does not exceed
substantially the reasonably perma
nent differential between the cost
of production in the foreign coun
tries and that in the United States
and therefore when changes take
place in the conditions of production
likely to produce a very large reduc
tion in tho united States, it is time
that schedules be re-examined and
if excessive that they be reduced so
as to bring them within the justifica
tion for the rule, by which the
amount of tariff to be Imposed under
tho protective system is properly de
termined. Whenever the tariff im
posed is largely in excess of the dif
ferential between the cost of produc
tion in tho two countries, then there
is formed at once a great temptation
to monopolize the business of pro
ducing the particular product, and
to. take advantage of rpoflt in the
excessive tariff. This denies to the
people altogether the economies of
production that competition under a
protective tariff should develop. In
the enormous progress in the man
ufacturing plants and the improve
ments in methods which have been
brought about In the last ten years
In this country, there Is tho strong
est reason for thinking that in many
Industries the difference tween the
cost of production In this country
and abroad has been reduced."
On tho Brownsville affair he said:
"The attitude of the president and
the war department and the reasons
for tho action tat.en in respect to
tho Twenty-fifth infantry were suffi
ciently set forth in tho communica
tions by the president and by me,
sent to congress wl.th the evidence
then taken, ginco that time, the
senate committee on military affairs
has taken 3,200 printed pages of evi
dence in the same matter, and the
hoaring is not concludod. Until
tho hearing is closed and the com
mittee makes its report, it would be
premature for me, in view of my offi
cial relation to the matter, to ex
press an opinion as to -the effect of
the senate evidence on the issue
which the president decided."
LOSS OF LIFE BY RAILROADS
The loss of life by railroad acci
dents In the United States is twenty
times as great as it is in England.
Statistics have just been issued in
Washington showing that during the
first three months of this year 20,563
persons were killed or injured on
American 'railroads. There were
2,078 collisions and 1,913 derail
ments. The damages to railroads
amounted to $3,536,110.
There Is no excuse for this great
loss of life and property, which are
due almost exclusively to negligence
on the part of railroads, Eailure
to have installed safety appliances
is tho direct cause of almost every
one of these accidents, and this fail
ure is attributable to the policy un
der 'which too many American rail
roads are run. Railroads are, first
of all, money-making institutions in,
this country, and everything is sac
rificed to tho demand for dividends.
Employes are over-worked and un
derpaid, and the expense of procur
ing safety too often prevents it from
being obtained.
The block signal system, if care
fully carried out, will enormously les
sen the - danger to life In railroad
travel, and some of the great rail
roads use it. But it is costly, and
hence nine-tenths . of the railroad
track in the country lacks such protection.
Railroads should be compelled to
Install the block system on all lines.
St. Joseph (Mo.) Gazette.
MACHINERY AND LABOR
There Is one phenomenal feature in
our American upward and onward
rush in material development. The
inventive genius has been pre-eminent
and the devices for eliminating,
individual labor has been one of the
striking things about the many in
ventions. When the McCormick har
vesters were first put on the market
the farm hands made a very effective
protest by burning the machine as it
stood in the field. The more labor
is dispensed with In one line of work
the greater the demand for "it in
some other. What would the farmer
do today if he had no self-binder
and buncher. If dependent upon the
old methods of harvesting, his grain
would go to waste in the field. It is
more difficult to. get hands in the
limited way by the farmers than
when all farm work was done by in
dividuals. Machinery has multi
plied the demand for mechanics fast
er than the consuming element and
farm producing labor. But this is
not true any where to the extent it
has attained In the United States.
The European farmer uses somo
modern farm machinery, but. nothing
like we do in the United States.
Those who do this among them are
the few who farm on an extensive
scale. The small farmer can not af
ford to buy machinery to do what
he and his children can well do by
hand and then have plenty of time
hanging on his hands. The great ex
tent of farm acreage ts tne element
with us that makes the demand for
increasing farm machinery.
In the future the time will como
when there will be a re-adjustment
of farm labor conditions in tho
United States, 'lhe immense foreign
population all the time coming to
this country with the fast increasing
home population will eventually
reach the limit of expansion In land
ownership on a large scale. The
time will come when division and
partition will go on to the extent of
putting a family on every 160 acres
or less. This will be greatly to the
saving in farm products as compared
with the present. We do not believe
the time can ever come when landed
estates like those of Great Britain
France or even Germany can become
a permanent American policy or in
stitution. The very spirit generated
by the national government in put
ting the lands into the hands of the
people will in the end demand the
same to be true of any large landed
estates that may bo. There will
como a time when there will be a
limit to the demand for more men
and women in manufactories and a
call back to the soil. This is not
coming tomorrow but is one of the
possible and final inevitable condi
tions which will not be for the worse
but for the betterment of social and
economic conditions. Society will ad
just itself to all new rising condi
tions. Machinery new and improved
will still be invented to talce the
place of labor. Labor hours will be
shortened it all the most toilsomo
and over-burdened toil callings- of
mankind. The adjustment will bo
made to give each one more time for
mental and artistic culture, and for
those enjoyments that enhance the
individual happiness and make for
the general good of all. Lincoln,
111., Daily Courier.
of Accuracy
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jpwWHPqMMig,S 'Fit 'hi i wrfrrmtSnm
Tools for the workshot). farm nr linmn. mite Kn. ! ..,w,..-tOT
A Flane, tor instance, to smooth a board properly must kare a
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fit the hand.
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Tools and Gutlerv
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SUMMONS HHKDWARE COMPLY (jf.). SU Louis mn New Yerk, U.B. A.
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