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The Commoner.
SEPTEMBER', , 1905
PEACE IN THE
The Russian and Japanese peace conference
in session at Portsmouth, N. H., came to an
agreement August 29. Japian yielded on the
question of indemnity. When the announcement
of the agreement was made, there were great
demonstrations in Portsmouth and from all over
the world came many expressions of joy.
Witte, Russia's representative is given great
credit for the manner In which he discharged his
work and for the successful efforts of his deter
mined stand against the payment of indemnity.
Japan on the other hand is receiving congratula
tions from all sources because of its magnamity.
President Roosevelt, for the Important part he
played in urging the conference to an agreement,
is receiving compliments from all quarters of the
world.
The peace terms ns agreed upon, the demands
and concessions by Japan together with the final
disposition of the jmrae are presented by the Now
York World in this way.
1. The recognition of theproponderating in
terest of Japan in Corea. This was agreed to by
the Russians.
2. The evacuation of Manchuria by the Rus
sian and Japanese forces. This was agreed to by
the Russians, who occupy two-thirds of the terri
tory. 3. Transfer by Russia to Japan of the lease
hold of Liaotung Peninsula, which Includes Port
Arthur and Dalny. This was agreed to by tho
Russians.
4. The return to China of tho civil admin
istration of Manchuria. This was agreed to by
the Russians.
5. The concession of Saghalln Island by tho
Russians, the Japanese military forcos occupying
it by force of arms. Russia refused and compelled
R EAST
tho Japanese to roturn to them one-half of the
island.
6. Tranafor to the Japanese by Russia with
out compensation , of all docks, magazines and
military works at Port Arthur and Dalny. Agreod
to by Russians.
7. Trnnsfor of tho rallrond botwoen Port
Arthur and Kunshlon. Agreed to by tho Russians.
8. Retention by Russia of main line of rail
road from Kunshlon to Vladivostok. Agreed to by
tho Russians.
9. Russia to reimburse Japan for the cost of
tho war. Rejected by tho Russians.
10. Russian warships interned at various nnu
tral ports to bo turned over to tho Japanese.
Rojectod by the Russians.
11. Tho limitation of Russian naval strength
In tho Far East. Rojectod by tho Russians.
12. Granting to tho Japanese of certain fish
ing rights on tho Siberian coast. Accepted- by
the Russians.
RECORD OF THE EASTERN WAR
The St. Louis Globe Democrat prlnU the record
of the war between Russia and Japan from 1904
as follows:
In 1904
February 8-9 Togo attacks Port Arthur.
February 10 War declared by czar. Japa
nese occupy' Seoul, Korea.
February 11 War declared by mikado.
Strict neutrality announced by United States.
March 6 Vladivostok bombarded by Kami
mura. April 13 Russian battle ship Petropavlovsk
sunk in sortie, from Port Arthur. Admiral Ma
karoff drowned.
May 1 Battle of the Yalu. Russians under
Zusselitch defeated by the Japanese under Kurokl.
Troops engaged on both sides, 71,500. Losses:
Russian, 2,398; Japanese 1,039.
May 11 Russians destroy and evacuate Dalny.
May 22-26 Battle of Nanshan Hill, first of
the Port Arthur defenses. Russians defeated by
Japanese under Oku. Troops engaged on both
sides, 140,000. Russian losses, 3,370; Japanese
loses, 4,207.
May 30 Japanese occupy Dalny.
June 14 Battle of Wofangkao. Russians un
der Stackelberg defeated by Japanese under
Oku. Troops engaged, 120,000. Russian losses,
4,700; Japanese losses, 1,200.
July 30-31 Battle of Haicheng. Russians
abandoned the position on August 2.
August 14 Karaimura defeats Vladivostok
squadron. Russian battle ship Rurtfc sunk.
August 19-24 First general assault on Port
Arthur.
August 26-September 4 Battle of Liao Yang.
Russians under Kuropatkin defeated by Japanese
under Oyama, Total forces engaged, 420,000.
Russian casualties, 25,000; Japanese casualties,
17,000.
October 11-12 Battle of Sha river, Russians
again defeated and forced to contiuo their re
treat. Total forces engaged, 355,000. Russian
losses, 30,000; Japanese losses, 10,000.
November -29-30 Battle of 203-Meter hill, the
bloodiest engagement around Port Arthur. Rus
sians defeated with loss of 8,000; Japanese lost
15,000.
December 28-31 Nogl takes all remaining
positions around Pprt Arthur.
In 1905
The record from January l,'19d5, follows:
January 2 Port Arthur surrenders, having
been isolated since May 14, a siege of 232 days.
The garrison under Stoessel comprised 44,000
men with 780 guns. The successful attacking
force under Nogl comprised at the beginning
88,000 men, with 600 guns. From August 19
there were thirty-one distinct attacks and three
sorties from tho city. Tho fighting was practically
continuous. The Russians surrendered 34,000
men and vast stores of ammunition. The storm
ing and capture had cost Japan $100,000,000 and
Russian $50,000,000. - .
January 25-29 Battle of the Hun river. Rus
sians under Gripenb'erg routed by 'Oyama. Troops
engaged, 150,000. Russian loss, 12,000; Japa
nese loss, 5,000.
February 24-March 12 Battle of Mukden.
Third great land engagement between tho oppos
ing armies and the greatest of the war. Battle
front was 100 miles long. Russians under Kuro
patkin defeated by Japanese under Oyama.
Total forces engaged, 800,000 men. Russian
losses, 70,000; Japanese losses, 41,000. Japa
nese also took 40,000 Russian prisoners and enor
mous quantities of stores and ammunition.
May '8 Various Russian squadrons effect
junction.
May 27-28 Naval battle of the sea of Japan.
The Japanese fleet under Togo lay in wait for
the combined Russian fleet under Rojestvensky
and annihilated it. Tho Russians had 36 vessels,
with 372 guns. The Japanese had 32' vessels,
with 330 guns. The Russians lost 6 battle ships,
5 crusiers and smaller crafts sunk, and 2 bat
tle ships, 2 coast defense vessels and 1 destroyer
were captured. The Russians lost 8,550 men,
killed or drowned, including Admiral Voelkcrsam,
and 3,000 were captured, including Admiral Ro
jestvensky and Nebogatoff. The Russian fleet
was valued at $73,500,000. Admiral Enqulst, with
three Russian cruisers, escaped to Manila, whore
he now is. The Japanese lost less than 600 men.
June 10 At the suggestion of President
Roosevelt, tho governments of Russia and Japan
agree to appoint peace commissioners to meet in
the United States.
August 9 Peace envoys convene at Ports
mouth. August 29 Peace envoys reach an agree
. ment.
The Cause
An eastern exchange says that the causes that
impelled Japan to beginthe war were as follows:
Russian's refusal to recognize China's com
plete sovereignty over Manchuria.
Russia's refusal to" recognize the full com
mercial rights of other nations in Manchuria.
Russia's refusal to recognize the admission
of Japan's paramount Interests In Korea.
Japan's dependence upon Korea for food sup
ply and upon Manchuria for a market for her
manufactured products.
Russia's efforts to close Manchuria to the
commerce of all nations upon equal terms, and
her encroachment on territory along the Yalu.
Big Modern Battles
The same paper presents a list of the big
battles of modern times as follows:
The following shows the number of troops
engaged in historic battles of modern times and
the losses on both sides. These Include 'the dead,
wounded, missing and prisoners:
Men engaged. Losses.
AUSTERLITZ French 60,000 12,000
Russo-Austrlans 80,000 30,000
ANTIETAM Federals .7. 65,000 12,410
Confederates 28,000 6,500
BAUTZEN French 110,000 20,000
Allies W00 18'000
BLENHEIM Allies 52,000 11,500
. French-Bavarians 60,000 35,000
BORODINO Russians 110,000 35,000
French 130,000 45,000
BOYNE English 36,000 500
Irish .' 30,000 1,500
OHICKAM AUG A Federals 57,000 15,851
Confederates 50,000 17,804
FONTENOY French 70,000 11,500
Allies 50,000 12,000
GETTYSBURG Federals 93,500 23,000-
Confederates r 70,000 20,450
ORAVELOTTE Germans 211,000 20,000
French 140,000 13,000
JEN A French 100,000 10,000
Prussians 6.0,000 27,000
LEIPZIG Allies 240,000 35,000
French 160,000 40,000
MAGENTA French-Sardinians .. 55,d00 4,000
Austrians .'.....". 75,000 17,000
MAJUBA HILL Boera 450 160
English 700 240
MARENGO French '. 28,000 7,000
Austrians 33,000 12,000
SODOWA Prussians 221,000 10,000
Ausrlans 205,000 40,000
SEDAN French ...t 1 50,000 17,000
Germans 250,000 9,000
SHILOH Federals ... 55,000 13,57?
Confederate - 40,000 1.0,669
SMOLENSK French .175,000 20,000
Russians 120,000 40,000
SOLFERINO French-Sardinians .150,000 18,000
Austrians 170,000 20,000
WAGRAM French 150,000 25,000
Austrians 120.000 25,000
WATERLOO Allies 214,671 22,976
French '. 124,588 25,600
Killed and wounded; 86,000 additional surrendered.
A KINDLY ACT
It Is an old saying that corporations have no
souls but those who manage them have, and
they are entitled to credit for the kindly acts
they do.
One of the largest threshing machine com
panies In tho country sold an outfit to a Ne
braska farmer last spring. Before time for ship
ment the company's Nebraska agent notified
the company that the purchaser, though respon
slbler wanted to cancel the order because his
wife had commenced suit against him for di
vorce on account of the purchase. The secre
tary of the company having a proper apprecia
tion of married life wired back that the order
would be cancelled it the wife would withdraw
her suit, adding "Whom God hath joined to
gether let not man put asunder." The wife with
drew her suit and the secretary is enjoying the
consciousness of having restored harmony in a
family the only alloy being that another farmer
heard of the telegram and bought the outfit, so
that the secretary is denied the pleasure of do
ing good at a loss. ' '
Thomas F. Ryan has reached the explanation
and promise stage which looks Dad for Mr, Ryan.
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