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YOLUME 5, NUMBER 5
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forly-nlno, captains ago forty-four and two-Uiirda,
and commanders forty and two-thirds. The aver
no ago of our captain (llfty-sevcn and a half) is
thirteen years hoyond that of tlio Japanese cap
tains, nine years hoyond that of the English and
Ck'rman captains, and aoveu years hcyond that of
tho Russian captains. The youngest English cap
tain is aged thirty-three, is twenty years younger
than our youngest, and Japan has deemed it wise
to intrust her hattleshlps to men of ago thirty-six.
Tho average English and German captain is scarce
ly oldor than our junior grade captain (command
er), ami our youngest commander when he reached
his rank was older than tho average Japanese cap
tnln. If our youngest captain were In the Japan
ese navy ho would have hecn retired for age some
timo ago.
J J. JONES of Oskaloosa, Iowa, who describes
. himself as "an old miner," writes for the Des
Moines Register and Leader a brief history of min
ing. Mr. Jones says: "Mines have been in opera
tion in England and Wales for one hundred years
or ovor. Some of the mines are very deep, over
.1,000 foot deep. Cornwall, England, has a tin mine
that has been in operation nearly one hundred
years. It is over 3,000 feet deep. This mine extends
under tho ocean a mile. It has been operated by
many companies and they have been well-paid in
millions, but tno miners are poorly paid for their
labor. Tho mine is worked in three eight hour
shifts. It is so hot down in tho mine that tho
miners arc required to work with shirts off. Dyna
mito is used for blasting the tin ore. Coal was
mined in a very early day in the Wyoming valley.
Tho flrat uso of coal antedated the revolutionary
war, 1770-1, Jesse Fell, who applied it to house
heating; ho learned of its "aluable purpose at tho
blacksmith shop of Obediah and Daniel Gore, who
used it In their shop at Wilkesbarro, Ta.; it was
also burned in (ho old Foil tavern in a grate in
1808. AI30 tho city of Philadelphia in 1803 bought
one Hundred tons of anthracite coal for pumping
purposes but tho engineers did not know how to use
it. But in 1814 two barges of it were shipped to
Schuylkill for $21 a ton; nearly half a day was con
sumed in trying to burn it when the men gave up
in disgust and wont to dinner, but on their return
they had a roaring fire in the furnace, and from
that day dates tho successful use of anthracite coal
in tho United States."
T N,17' nccor(linS to Mr. Jones, Obadlah Smith
X of Plymouth, Pa., dug coal from the mountain
side and shipped two cargoes of 150 tons to Colum
bia. Mr. Jones adds; "This coal was taken from
the samo mountain as whore the famous Washing
ton mine is today at Plymouth, Pa. Coal in those
days was mined with pick and shovel, as blasting
was unknown to the miners in those days; also
mining machinery-no breakers, no shafts, no
steam or electric appliances-as all mining was
done in a crude way all by hand, no drills or pow
der used It was a man by tho name of John Flan
agan who was sent from Hartford, Conn., to in
struct miners how to uso powder to extract he coal
in tho mines of that day. When Flamigan put off
his first Hast tho miners and laborers fled in ter
ror, say ng it would blow the whole mountain un
The coal was hauled from tho mines by mules ami -dumped
into fiat boats on the SMsquehanna river
and floated down tho river to its destination C
today the Wyoming valley is one network of onni
mines and other industries, giving emSovm7n?S
thousands of men. it is estimated ffi KS t0
Yes, wo imvo am tin es m"?o area cg !'f SS'
the whole world." coal tnnn
wheat mixed with domestTc wCat wilMlnrte(!
drawback, under tho opinion o ? , G alIowed
oral dated Jan. 24, 1905 on 1 .. U?ey gen"
tions: "A complete and SLn Vollowlns comli
kopt, showing quantL of ltn??0H must be
date of manufacture "an 1 the amount?0611' th
and domestic wheat used 1 in SS Sf of Ported
each gradd and braid of floSr and mt5nufacture of
flour of each grade anil lY!!', ,tue amount of
quantity of t&"S'a tho
screenings and wasto, tho Valun n? ,' incIuUng
kind of wheat so used and Si IS ach and every
each grade or brand of flo ur nd o? Lat, th mW of
by-product, including screening if and evory
Packages containing the .Sou? Td Wasto' T
fa we Hour so manufactured
The Commoner.
shall be so marked as to render identification easy
and certain, to the end that the treasury officials
at the port of exportation may determine by exam
ination the essential facta above stated The man
ufacturing records shall be at all times open to the
treasury department, and shall be so kept that the
sworn abstract may be readily verified. A sworn
abstract from all the records of the mill shall be
filed with the collector of customs at New York
each week, and therefrom the collector will furnish
extracts as needed for exportation. The prelimin
ary entries shall show the marks and numbers of
tho several packages and the net and gross weight
thereof, separately and in the aggregate. The
drawback entry shall show tho quantity of each
brand or grade of flour or by-product exported, the
quantities of imported and domestic wheat used
in tho manufacture thereof, the waste incurred in
the manufacture, the total duty on the imported
wheat, the market valuo of each grade or brand of
flour and of each by-product, at the place of .man
ufacture, and that the same was manufactured in
accordance with the manufacturer's abstract. In
making the liquidation, the duty paid on the im
ported wheat used in the manufacture of the ar
article exported, less 1 per cent, shall be divided
between the several grades or brands of flour and
the several by-products, including screenings, pro
rata, in proportion to the valuo of each at the time
and place of manufacture, and a drawback will be
allowed in accordance therewith on each article
actually exported, in accordance with the principle
laid down by the United States circuit court of
appeals in United States vs. Dean Linseed Oil com
pany (87 Fed. Rep., 453), approved by the United
States supreme court (172 U. S, 647).,
DR. E. S. BANKS, the field director of the Uni
versity of Chicago expedition to Babylonia,
has, according to the New York World, reported the
discovery of a statue which he regards as tho
oldest in the world. It was found eight leet be
neath the ruins of the ancient city of Udnunka (or
Adah), near the present village of Bismya, and has
been identified by an inscription as that of King
Daddu, of Udnunka. The statue is of pure white
marble, weighing two hundred pounds, and is al
most perfect. Udnunka, under the name of Adab
was in existence many centuries before Babylon
was founded. It is mentioned in the code of Ham
murabi, but little is known of it. King Daddu is
not mentioned in the earliest records.
A PARIS publication reports that the automobile
V trade m France has, during the past few years
had an enormous growth. For instance, in 1898
French makers delivered 1,850 automobiles- in 1904
they delivered 22,000. Tho total value has grown
from 80,000,000 francs ($16,000,000) in 1898 tn Sf
000,000 francs ($35,200,000)' in'SVhe vahie of
exportations in 1898 was 1,750,000 francs ($350,000V
in 1904 it was 74,000,000 francs ($14,800,000) Sil
OooeSooWAa,d,a?Tt t0 8O'0M00 francs (?Si6l
2?nSn iJ? indU3try employs 5M00 workmen
25,000 miscellaneous employes and 20,000 chaiif
fours and machinists. ' cnauf-
T IGT J0, tlirown on the statehood bill in 'a
j dispatch from Walter Wellman tn iL i
cago Record Herald in which XteWM
man says: "Great surprise prevailed thrm, I
the senate this afternoon when It wl ?"ShU?
that Mr. Kearns' amendment trUfeTrTntirA61"1
ona strip to Utah is a part of thP wSg e Ariz"
by the senate. Mr. BevJridge who had X Pa3SGd
the bill, frankly admits torthToIS
amendment had been retained in the bin w nG
records of the senate show it wa nifc V tho
adopted as a part nf ti,o L s offei,ed and
It was the gonemi impression ?SfnWhich passed
was added to section IS whir h LP amendnt
stricken out, but it is shown L ?,bSCquently was
the amendment was added to nnl? rQ0rCiS that
nmy be given 7,000 sqSarernles of Zi Utah
ying north of Grand River shoiiifl i ?a a-tr,D
eglslation be had at this session if any statG"ood
ing in tho bill as nwSri ff ? conSress. Be-
by a vote 5 the senate' Non"1? b talcen t
lates to Arizona or Utah A n SfJn the biI1 re"
ona was stricken out bv it nfer6aco to Ar
which the senate adopted. n amemenr,
MR. WELLMAN adda "Tn ., "
, , er the bill a majoriiy vote Tiand reconsId
all senators present the na i 1ecessary. With
on the statehood question Th Pre3ent a tie
tees will strengthen the forces Sf tw1"? ,f un
original bill, and, should thn Li rIends of tho
question, they will try o wipe oWi Pen th
on of yesterday and pass the h i !" the leeisla"
to committee. RatheraM'tJS 0
mission of Arizona the friendg of the territory will
likely choose the lesser of tvfo evils and permit tho
bill with the Kearns amendment, to go to tlw
house. Arizona, therefore, will ho forced to givo
up 7,000 square miles of its territory to Utah and
the Mormons for the small privilege of being per
mitted to remain a territory. Efforts will be mado
in tho house to have the senate .amendments ac
cepted without a conference so as to prevent tho
bill coming again before tho senate. A conferenco
with the senate is almost certain to result in tho
senate conferees being instructed to recede and
accept the two state bills the measure providing
for the admission of Oklahoma and Indian Terri
tory as one state and Arizona and New Mexico as
another. Tho statehood battle now is transferred
to the house and the outcome there i3 doubtful.
Speaker Cannon is inclined to rally the republican
hosts and adhere strictly to tho original party pro
gram, joint statehood for New Mexico and Arizona
or none for either of them. But this is easier
said than done."
IT is reported by the Washington correspondent
for tho New York Tribune that free lumber
in a word, free raw and partially manufactured
materials of every sort and description are now
at the disposal of American manufacturers engaged
in the export trade, as a result of the far-reaching
drawback decision of Attorney General Moody.
IT is claimed that, according to the principlo
enunciated by the attorney general, there will
bo no necessity for any change in the Dingley tariff
law. The Tribune correspondent explains:
"Whether the proposed extensive granting of draw
backs will have tho effect of curtailing the revenues
to an extent which will render tariff readjustment
imperative it is impossible to determine at this
time. v Tho legal proposition set forth by the At
torney General is that the section of the Dingley
act which provides for drawbacks -and declares
that the imported material "shall so appear in tho
completed articles that the quantity or measure
thereof may be ascertained',' may be so construed
thafc the term "appear" shall me"an "that knowl
edge which comes to the mind as a result of evi
dence as well as knowledge derived from the ex
ercise of the senses." The attorney general further
says: "In my opinion, where it is proposed to ex
port a product manufactured in fre U.njtted States
from a combination of domestic material and for
eign material which has paid duty, and customs
officials can identify the foreign material and can
ascertain to their satisfaction by the evidence
of books of accounts or otherwise the quantity
or measure of foreign material actually present in
the completed article, the exporter is entitled to
receive a drawback of 93 per cent of the duties paid
upon the imported material thus ascertained to be
present in the completed article.
WE are further told by the Tribune correspon
dent that this js a victory for Secretary
bnaw who has all along contended that it was tho
intention of William McKinley and other great
tariff experts thafthe American exporter, forced
cLmtet0 itL the freigner on his own ground
?5S? ? aw t0 avail himsetf oi the foreign ma
terials absolutely free of duty.
T'
HE champion banana eater, if reports are true,
Smith ??i B1T0Skyn N- Y. Three boys, Frank
tori? 'ti, dWar? Prlges and GeorgeV Phillips, en
ho hni6 ft" the Associated Press tells
tinn i?nce iin this yay: "There were no restric
tions the only requirements of the match being
dollar !TB many banaDaS ttS PSSible' A Bilvof
Seared JS T' At the start the f" ap
pealed as if by magic. At the end of the first
ofZrifhe "ntotoatB straightened up and a sigh
tte first TnTrnr1;01 lookers. Phillips was
t at momnnt ? l in 0n the second do. From
hohSiir seen he was to th winner'
he had such a clean way of disposing of the fruit
coTeriTaTthn0' ?? hand "od the outer
PWIHm Pwa JaWS,,dlS?SGd 0f the f. While
BrS wZ rSCat ng llIs twenty-second banana
twentv fir wi ng n a half-earted way at his
5S5 ?. SUSS:' sS!
half dnvnn im ty ot thom "8 ate an ejtra
"cats i? miv KLrf,untlns Uto gaatronomlcal
creaw refd also ' M PhIlll5i' BPIa the lc0
flfty seconds fla"' "to " auart eam In
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