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JANUAHY 1. 1904.
The Commoner.
If
Bry&.n on Democracy.
(Continued from Pago 3.)
ministration in 1825, the democratic
party held undisputed sway in the na
tion. Jefferson, like Washington, re
fused to consider a third term, and his
secretary of state, James Madison
(q.v), succeeded him. Madison, fol
lowing the example set by his prede
cessor, retired at the end of his second
term, and James Monroe (q.v.), who
had been his secretary of state, suc
ceeded him.
The war of 1812 was conducted by
the Madison administration, and it
was during this period that the Hart
ford resolutions were adopted by a
convention of federalists which met
at Hartford, Conn., in December, 1814.
These resolutions went further in the
direction of states rights than either
the Kentucky resolutions or the Vir
ginia resolutions. They began by rec
ommending "to the legislatures of the
several states represented in this con
vention, to adopt all such measures
as may be necessary effectually to pro
tect the citizen of said states from the
operation and effects of all acts which
have been or may be passed by the
congress of the United States, which
shall contain provisions subjecting the
militia or other citizens to forcible
drafts, conscriptions, or impressments
not authorized by the constitution of
the United States."
While the Hartford resolutions an
nounced a political policy, tliey had
their origin in the commercial inter
ests which were affected by the war
of 1812, and by the embargo act
which was enacted as a war measure.
The federalist party which support
ed Clinton's candidacy in 1812 laid
great stress upon the commercial in
terests. The platform adopted by the
Now York federalists urged the elec
tion of Clinton as tho surest method
of guaranteeing the protection of
those commercial Interests which were
flagging "under the weakness and im
becility of the administration." The
federalists attacked what they called
the Virginia regency, and che Hart
ford resolutions recommended a con
stitutional amendment making the
president ineligible for renomination,
and another prohibiting the selection
of two presidents in succession from
the same state.
It was during the administration of
James Monroe that the doctrine, after
ward known by his name, and fol-
lowed ever since, was promulgated.
The doctrine was set forth in a mes
sage sent to congress by James Mon
roe on December 2, 1823 The follow
ing is the text covering this subject:
"In the wars of European powers,
in matters relating to themselves, we
have never taken any part, nor does
it comport with our policy so to do.
It is only when our rights are invaded
or seriously menaced ' that we resent
injuries or make preparations for our
defense. With the movements on this
hemisphere we are, of necessity, more
immediately connected, and by causes
which must be obvious to all enlight
ened and impartial observers. The
political "system of tho allied powers;
(tho holy alliance) is essentially dif
ferent in this respect from that of
America. This difference proceeds
from that which exists in their re
spective governments. And to the de
fense of our own? which has been
achieved by the less of so much blood
and treasure, and matured by the
wisdom of their most enligntened citi
zens and under which we havq en
joyed unexampled felicity, this whole
nation is devoted. We owe it, there
fore, to candor and to the amicable
relations existing between the United
States and those powers to declare
that we should consider any attempt
on their part to extend their system
to any portion of this hemisphere as
dangerous to our peace and safety.
With the existing colonies or depen
dencies of any European power we
have not interfered, and shall not in
terfere. But with the governments
who have declared their independence
and maintained it we have on great
consideration and on just principles,
acknowledged we could not view any
interposition for the purpose of op
pressing them, or controlling in any
other manner their destiny, by any
European power, in any other light
than as the manifestation of an un
friendly disposition toward tho United
States. Our policy in regard to Eu
rope, which was adopted at an early
stage of the wars which have so long
agitated that quarter of tho globe,
nevertheless remains the same, which
is not to interfere in the internal con-
corns of any of its powers; to con
sider the government do facto as tho
legitimate government lor us; to cul
tivate friendly relations with it, and
to preserve those relations by a frank,
firm, and manly policy; meeting in
all instances the just claims of every
power, submitting to injuries from
none. But in regard to these conti
nents, circumstances are eminently
and conspicuously different It is im
possible that the allied powers should
extend their political system to any
portion of either continent without
endangering our peace and happiness;
nor can any one believe that our
southern brethren, if left to them
selves, would adopt it of their own
accord. It is equally impossible,
therefore, that we should behold such
interposition, in any form, with In
difference." This message was written after con
sultation with Jefferson, who was
then living in retirement at Monticol
lo. The following extract from a let
ter written by Jefferson to Monroe in
October, 1823, not only shows Jeffer
son's part in the formulation of the
doctrine, but also proves tils fore
sight and his comprehension of Amer
ican interests, and his devotion to the
welfare of his country:
"Tho question presented by the
letters you have sent mo, is tho most
momentous which has been offered
to my contemplation since that of in
dependence. That made us a nation,
this sets our compass and points tho
course which we are to steer through
the ocean of time opening on us. And
never could we embark on it under
circumstances more auspicious. Our
first and fundamental maxim should
be, never to entangle ourselves in
the broils of Europe. Our second,
never to suffer Europe to intermeddle
with cis-Atlantic affairs. America,
North and South, has a set of Inter
ests distinct from those of Europe aria
peculiarly her own. She Dhould,
thoroforo, have a system of her own,
separate and apart from that of Eu
rope. While tho last Is laboring to be
come tho domicile of despotism, our
endeavor should surely bo to mako our
hemisphere that of freedom. One na
tion most of all, could disturb us In
this pursuit; Bho now offora to lead.
aid, and accompany us in it By ac
ceding to her proposition, we detach
hor from tho bands, bring her mighty
weight Into tho scale of frco govern
ment, and emancipate a continent at
one stroke, which might otherwise
linger long in doubt and diiUculty.
Great Britain is tho nation which can
do us tho most harm of any ono, or
all on oarth; and with hor on our sldo
wo need not fear tho wholo world.
With her, then, wo should most se
dulously cherish a cordial friendship;
and nothing would tend more to knit
our affections than to be fighting ouco
moro side by side in tho same cause.
Not that I would purchaso oven hor
amity at tho prico of taking part in
hor wars. But tho war in which the
present proposition might engage us,
should that bo Its conscquonce, is not
hor war, but ours. Its object is to in
troduce and establish the American
system, of keeping out of our land
all foreign powers, of never permitting
those of Europo to intermeddle with
the affairs of our nations. It is to
maintain our own principle not to
depart with it. And if to facilitate
Tho control which, with Florida
Point, this Island would give ua over
tho Gulf of Mexico, and tho countries
and Isthmus bordering on it as well
as all thoao whoso waters flow into
it, would fill up tho measuro of our
political woll-bolng. Yet, as i am
sonslblo that this can novcr bo ob
tained, ovou with hor own consent,
but by war; und its independence,
which is our second interest (and es
pecially Its Independence of England),
can bo secured without it I have no
hesitation In abandoning my first wish -to
future chances and accoptlng lis
independence, with pcaco and tho
friendship of England, rather than
its association, at tho oxpenso of war
and her enmity. I could honestly,
therefore, join In tho declaration pro
posed, that wo aim not at tho acqulal
(Contlnued on Pago 14.)
UOO CHOLERA
Hog worms is often tho starting of
hog cholera. Keep tho hogs clear of
worms and they will not bo so liable
to tako disease Tho Snoddy Remedy
is no doubt tho greatest worm rem
edy for 'hogs there is on tho market
After a few doses of this remedy is
fed you will see piles of worms lying
around In your hog lots It destroys
tho kidney, liver and lung worms, tho
samo as it does tho stomach and
bowel worms.
When fed to sows with young pigs
uuiiaiu mm it. mm u tu luu.muw tWll remedy cures tho scours and all
this, we can effect a division in tho arm d,H ' ,n tho vnnnir n, ftm,
causes them to grow off strong and
thrifty.
It is tho only thing that will save
hogs after they get sick.
N. R. Yost, Myerstown, 0.; 0. D.
Hill, Kendalla, W. Va,; Jas. Bennett,
Bowling Green, Mo.; Bible & Work
man, Emporia, Kas.; Jt E. Gibbons,
Purccll, Ind. Tor.; I. P. Roy, Wakita,
0. T., and thousands of others havo
cured their hogs of cholera with this
remedy and say It certainly does tho
work when properly used.
It Is cheap and easy to follow. Any
practical farmer can clear his herd of
either worms or cholera and put them
Into perfect condition with it in a
few days. It is saving millions of
dollars annually for the hog raiser.
Snoddy's free hook on Hog Cholera
fully explains this treatment and will
be sent free of charge, by return mall,
to any hog raiser who will send his
name and address to the Snoddy Rem
edy Co., Dept. 24, Alton, 111. Every hog
raiser should Improve this golden op-
jportunity and writo at onco for this
body of tho European powers, and
draw over to our side its most power
ful member, surely wo should do it
But I am clearly of Mr. Canning's
opinion, that it will prevent instead
of provoke war. With Great Britain
withdrawn from their scalo and
shifted into that of our wo conti
nents, all Europo combined would
not undertake such a war. For how
would they propose to get at either
onomy without superior fleets? Nor
is the occasion to bo slighted which
this proposition offers, of declaring
tour protest against the atrocious vio
lations of the rights of nations by the
interference of any one in the Internal
affairs of another, so flagitiously be
gun by Bonaparte, and now contin
ued by tho equally lawless alliance
calling itself holy. But wo have first
to ask ourselves a question. Do wo
wish to acquire to our own confed
eracy any one or more of the Spanish
provinces? I candidly confess that I
have ever looked on Cuba as the
most interesting addition which could
ever bo made to our system of states, j frce information.
Have You
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all weciuim iui ik.
Ghvlo prevents Appendicitis
. .! -l..l .rtm KTj-k OttV
when not removed, proauce mis urcu muy. w
:",I. ruvn s sure oreventive of appendicitis.
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YOU nSSSUI MV w"o - sp w...w. iresn, rea oiooa,
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Address
WE CHYLO COMPANY
246B Cmhrmot Avmmtm
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