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About The Plattsmouth journal. (Plattsmouth, Nebraska) 1901-current | View Entire Issue (June 20, 1938)
MONDAY, JUNE 20, 1938. PLATTSMOUTH SEMI - WEEKLY JOURNAL PAGE FIVE Congress Closes Its Stormy and Costly Session EeorgruiiJ-ation Bill Left Unfinished in Face of Strong E;t'ort to Force Its Passage. By JOHN R. DEAL WASHINGTON. June 17 (UP) When the 75th congress adjourned Thursday it left its biggest single i-sue government reorganization t be argued again next session. Senate and house leaders who were ? ulked in an attempt to give I'resi ! it Roosevelt blanket power to thifl and realign the administrative agencies of government, after push ing the bill to the brink of passage, promised to renew the fight when congress meets again. Other subjects sure to create con troversy for next year's crop of leg islators include: 1. Taxes. Although the 1938 tax law was intended to be a more or less permanent revision of the fed eral revenue statutes, congress dras- tic-ally revised new deal theories asjers in both houses denied any such represented in the undistributed j profits and capital gains taxes and flatly rejected a proposal to subject closely held corporations to a sur tax. Mr. Roosevelt allowed the bill to become law without his signature, and called for revision next year. Chairman Pat Harrison. P.. Miss., j of the senate finance committee, in a! dramatic senate speech, virtually i served notice that if the shadow of undistributed profits tax now retain ed fails to work he will seek outright repeal. 2. Railroad legislation. A crisis in the financial affairs of the nation's rail carriers led the president early this year to hold a conference to map a course of legislative aid. In a special message, however, he left the problem to congress. The house interstate commerce .'ommittee has under consideration plans for a thorough reorganization of all transportation agenc.s. '.). Regional Planning. President Roosevelt asked for legislation to set up seven great regional authorities i:i the United States patterned after the Tennessee Valley Authority. Sen. George AY. Norris. I.. Neb., introduced a bill to establish a power authority in each of the seven areas; Chairman Joseph J. Mansfield. IV. Tex., of the house rivers and harbors committee, '.ponsored another bill creating plan ning authorities. Neither was pass ed. 4. Monopoly. President Roosevelt said in his message to the special ses sion last November that revision of anti-trust legislation was necessary, but sent no further detailed sugges tions until toward the end of the! regular session. He then recommend ed a comprehensive study of the subject dining the recess. As a re sult Sen. Joseph C. O'Mahoney. IV. Wyo., sponsored a resolution cre ating a joint legislative-executive committee instructed to report by Jan. M, when the new session orens. 5. Farm Legislation. The present law, originally intended to be a per manent substitute for the invalidated agricultural adjustment act which fell before the supreme court because of its processing taxes, became a patchwork measure when two basi cally different bids were put togeth er in conference. Congressional lead ers believe a new attack must be made on the problem next year. 6. The St. Lawrence Waterway Treaty. Secretary of State Cordell Hull recently announced a draft treaty that v. ill be used as a bask: for negotiations with Canada. A previous treaty governing power de velopment on the international wa ,erway was rejected by the senate in 19154. It was President Roosevelt's first serious defeat by congress. Any new treaty on the subject is likely t" cause extended debate in the sen ate. Executive reoi ganization was pro posed to congress by President Roose velt in January, 1937. He asked pow- er to shift functions and departments pof"e local areas anu mccieraici and adsorb independent agencies in-l heavy in several others. Much of the to 1 2 cabinet de partments, including wheat, however, will mature before a department of welfare and a de-! revere damage occurs and the ag partinent of public works. j grigate loss is not expected to be large A few days later Mr. Roosevelt an-I nouncfd his plan for reorganizing the supreme court, and the fight that e nsued overshadow eel the executive reorganization measure. A joint com mitter was created to study the sub ject, but eventually split. The sen ate group introduced a bill to carry out the program in a general way. i he house group introduced foun bills, designed lo enact most of the program piecemeal. The house passed two of its bills during the 1937 session. The senate called up its own broad er i eoi'r;t nidation bill last- Feb. 15. Immediately it provided a new battle ground for the new deal and anti- new deal democrats who had split over the court issue. The opposition saw in the measure a grant of power so great they believed the president could become a dictator. For six weeks the battle raged, in tensified toward its conclusion by a tremendous barrage of telegrams and messages from the public. Neverthe less administration forces defeated amendments designed to curb the president's proposed powe rand pass ed the bill March 2S by a four-vote margin. A technicality prevented the senate from sending it to confer ence with the house and the measure went back to the lower chamber, which substituted its own four bills including Hie two it had passed and the battle was renewed. At its height President RooseveU, vacation ing at Warm Springs. Ga., made pub lic a letter to an unidentified friend asserting that he had no desire to be a dictator. On the night of April S the house j unexpectedly recommitted the to the committee, 204 to 196. A subsequent Florida primary which Sen. Claude A. Pepper. bill IX, I Fla., was renominated, interpreted asjthat it would a new deal victory, led to reports ! sible task for that the bill would be revived. Lead-j intention, but because the possibil ity of revival seemed to threaten a 'local difficulties will clear cotisider filibuster against the vital lending-' ablv in the near future, and that in spending bill, they finally issued a J January we will be able to devote formal statement pledging not to at- ' ourselves to this problem, tempt to bring it up this session. "Every member of our committee They coupled that pledge with alhas left here with the understand promise that they would press for en-ing that he will conduct a personal actinent next week a promise that was met by opponents with renewed j defiance DOORMAN ONCE DROVE FOR KING LONDON (l'1'l former chauffeur George Lad brook, of the Duke of illUoUl aitu lilt ilia u i iv.r v v. Wallis Warfield across France be fore the abdication, now earns his living by opening doors of cars and taxis at a Mayfair restaurant. In better days Ladbrook lived with his wife and four children in a six- roomed flat on the first floor of one iof the quietest parts of Buckingham i I Palace, but now they live in a small flat in the suburb of Kennington. Lad brook's present wage is 62 cents a week, less 09 cents for health and unemployment insurance, leav ing a total of 22 cents a week. But li mates morp than S 1 : a week 111 : tips, and the Treasury pays him ajvision) in its broader aspects in th pension of $10 a week for his ser- light of the practical experience vices to the duke. I gained during the past two or three "I was with the duke for IS j years, rather than to rew rite it years." he said. "When I left him j piecemeal in relation to a particular after the abdication you would have 'situation." thought it would have been easy In the closing hours of the last enough for me to get another job. I !session. the senate approved a reso had about the best reference anybody j lution by Pittman recording its "un could have, but not a bit of it. ; qualified condemnation of the in "Last summer I went abroad withihuman bombing of civilian popula- Romp Americans, driving them round 'he continent. After being with the duke I naturally know the continent well. The job lasted 11 weeks and that's the only driving job I've had since December. 193G. "I suppose I could have got a ! chauffeur's job if I ;about $1 j a week. I had accepted have my high ideas, but that's not enough for me, with all my experience. "So when I was offered this job as a doorman I accepted it. I earn more that way than I should as a chauffeur, although I should like to get back to driving again with some nice people. "The Duke of Windsor is god father to three of my boys. He used to have many a chat with them in the old days, changed, though bling." But things have it's no use grum- C0NDITI0NS FAVOR RUST WASHINGTON, June IS (UTl The bureau of entomology and plant quarantine reported today that "injas they leave the French government most of the wheat growing- reir-on j w ill give authorization to 19 more west of the Mississippi river condi tions have been unusually favorable for the development of rust." The Texas crop, the bureau report eel, was not damaged greatly while Oklohoma is "spotted". Stem rust, the report said is rather heavy in i i j. i J. EDGAR HOOVER BUMPED WASHINGTON. June 16 (UP) J. Edgar Hoover, chief of the G-men, suffered a slight back injury today received in a minor automobile acci dent. The accident occurred in down town Washington shortly after Hoo ver had arrived from New York by plane. The car in which he was riding was bumped by a truck. He declined medical treatment. Rubber Stamps, prompt Celiv cry, lowest prices. All sizes at the Journal office. Next Congress to Investigate Foreign Policy Senator Pittman, Senate Chairman Says Re-Examination of Policy Will Be Undertaken. By ALLAN L. FLETCHER WASHINGTON. June IS (UP) riiairman Kev Piftman l Xev.. 1 of the senate foreign relations com mittee, predicted today that the next congress would examination of make a broad re the United States' foreign policy. Intensifying world antagonisms and international developments since enactment of the neutrality act in January, 1937. he said, necessitate a "careful study and re-evaluation of the United States' position in world affairs." "Beause of the limited time and mithe complicated nature of the prob- lem facing us. he said, "it is obvious have been an impos congress to perform at this past session, especially in view of the serious local situation. j "I am confident, however, that our study of the world situation during the recess, and be ready to give our policy a sweeping re-examinat ion early in the next session." The committee will ca'-l in officials of the state department, diplomatic representatives, and other author ities on world affairs in t is effort to review the world situation "compre hensively." Pittman's prediction of action early next session was supported by a letter from Secretary of State Cordell Hull to the foreign relations committee at the time it was consid ering a proposal by Sen. Gerald P. Nye. R.. N. IV. to amend the neu trality act to remove the embargo against the Spanish government. The letter, dated May 12, 193S. opposed revision of the neutrality act "in the closing days of congress." but suggested that "it would be more us:ftll to reconsider It tie- it ions." The measure was aimed at Japan and nationalist Spain, both of which frequently have bombed un fortified cities as "military objec tives." While it was not considered prob able that the United States would j participate in an international corn- mittee to investigate the bombing of civilians, as suggested by Great Britain. Secretary Hull, in a recent 'speech, urged joint international ac tion to world." "re-store sanity' to the TO RETURN MEN HOME PARIS. June 15 (UP I The Unit ed States department of state today j ;uU jlp,.izea , e Ame-rican embassy here to ipsue certificates of identi fication to 19 wounded American members of the Spanish loyalist in ternational brigade now in French hospitals. The 19 men embark aboard the liner President Harding, leaving for the United States June 23. As soon Americans to enter this country from Spain. At present there are GO wounded Americans among 300 in ternational brigade members await ing permission to enter France. HAS APPLE 64 YEARS OLD NORTH PLATTE, Neb., June (UP) C. W. Raskins, a resident 16 of North Platte for many years, be - lieves he owns the oldest fruit in the state an apple. The apple was given to Miss Rose Ranck. who later became Mrs. Bas- jkins. by her pupils in a country school near White Deer. Pennsylvania i about 1874. The fruit was preserved by covering it with cloves. The Ras kins later moved to North Platte where Mrs. Bask ins died in 1934. PINK VENNEE FILES LINCOLN, June F. Yenner, Lincoln If. (UP) Pink grocer and for - mer resident of Otoe and Cass coun ties filed as a candidate for Lancas ter county assessor on the democratic ticket yesterday. BATTLE OVER SEX INSTRUCTION ROCHESTER, N. Y.. June 16 (VP) Heated controversy over a proposal i to give sex instruction in Sunday 'school classes was indicated today las a social welfare committee re vamped its report for presentation !to the United Lutheran Synod of New i ork. in convent. on here. The original recommendation, con tained in a five-point report of the committee, had been scheduled for an acceptance vote by delegates yester clay. 1 lie conimiuee. nowever day. the commuiee. nowever. an- nounced that after reconsideration it would re-word the proposals. Maryland River Gives Up Body of Murdered iadyj;; Authorities Seek Slajer of Woman Whose Body was Found Weight- ed Down with Plow Blades. SALISBURY, Mil.. June IS (UPi The body of an unidentified woman heavily weighted v. i;h steel plov blades, was dragged from the Nanti coke riser near here today by t Charles H. Truitt who said h convinced the victim had been niiir dered. She was live months pregnant, ac- cording to physicians w ho examined I the body at Peninsula General hos pital here. They said death was not caused by drowning. Examining physician:-, said the woman was about 30 years old. Sh was dressed i:i a red and white flowered dress and tennis shoes, she weue no underwear. Sheriff Truitt was culled to a spot along the Nantkoke between here and Vienna, Md.. by two boys who ' were fishing from a boat. The water v:i! c enr ;i n i coin l ;i 1:1 1 1 ve v s :a - low. enabling them to see the body! "both under international law and anchored to the bottom. j under equity" to assume responsibil- It was recovered by the sheriff j ':iv f' tnt former Austrian govty-n-with difficulty because of th U!i-j ment's debt. usual weights about steel plow blades. The plow blades. pounds of P us the fact to the wom long lengths suggested a that they were fastened an's neck and wrists by of farm binding ti;ie rural tragedy. "There's no finest km mind in nr. but that the girl was niurdeied." Sheriff Truitt said "The medical examination indicaT"s she was dead before she was put k.i the water. "The plow points used as weights make it look like a farmer might have clone it but we aren't over- looking the possibility that it -.night have been a blacksmith or someone who picked up the blades in a junk yard. BURIAL SERVICE CALLED PAGAN 1IINGIIAM. Mass (UP!-A new proceedure for funerals is advocated by the Rev. J. Harry Helper, min- lnsier of histe ru Old Mni) church i (First Parish, Unitarian I, in an ed itorial in "The Christain Register," official Unitarian publication. The minister contends that "trad itional funeral r ractice seems ... to be a false show, pagan rather than Christian in nature, glorifying the physical bodv lather than the human sou!. From this point of view there ir, much that i- distasteful; the body placed o-i displav in the home, the open casket at the funeral and its subsequent inspection, the procession with the body to the grave or crema tory." The new proceedure would provide for immediate removal of the body to the "undertaking rooms, thence as soon as legally possible to the crema torv. Xn casket . . . would be urcd Soon after the ashes were ready, they would be placed in a simple cardboard container and then scattered beneath the sod in a cemetery lot, or ... in some" beautiful woodland glade. -fin tb: o..c:t:-ion there would be a brief service conducted by the mir. - riful of those most'dcenlv loved. The service would express the thought that here we leave the mortal part of the one we love and from here we go on to celebrate the indestructible. Part the human j soul "Immediately following- the .scat tering of ashes, there would be held in the family church a public memorial service. -Somewhere in the ser vice this thought would be indicated: 'We commemorate this day, not the end of the physical body, but the pass ing of a human soul. The body has '-ervtu its purpose and has been laid aside. The soul, we dare believe, goer on to furhher life.' Our memorial of the dead (thus) would end with thought of an expanding spiritual i hfc." I ! See the goods you fcuy. Catalog j mother, not having seen the babies, ! descriptions are alluring enough, jwr. ;:ot told of William's death. It i but how about the coeds when'was expected that she would sec J you Ct them? itne other ba-bies tomorrow. U. S. Watches Jewish Purge in Germany Action of Hit'er Government Causes Watchfulness for American Jews in the Reich. By HOBART C. MO NT EE WASHINGTON, June IS (UP) Adniiniti-tinn offieini ctn.iii re ,im-t r.f n- rcct, nf i r.r- many today with indications that the breach between the two govern ments is steadily widening. While maintaining silence in ac cord with thi government's policy of strict non-interference in the in ternal affairs of other countries, oi ls let it be known that they feel the present "purge" of Jews i violates all humanitarian principles land must add to the friction be- 'tween the people of Germany and the United states. This friction has been growing for many months and is considered now by some authorities to have reached serious proportions. The iatest oTicial contribution to that u.rjff i f rict ion from here was a sharp note wa.sjIr"m Secretary of State Cordell Hull to the German foreign office in forming Berlin that this government 'A ould no: countenance attempts by Germany to repudiate responsibility for the debts of Austria which Ger many absorbed in April. This note was delivered to the foreign office on June 9 by Am bassador Hugh R. Wilson after Ger many had failed to pay a monthly installment of approximately $150. OOti due on June 1 as interest on the ?2.000.00n share of the Austrian loan of 1930. largely held by private American citizens. Hull said that the American gov- i uniu'iii coiiMuei s vjei ui.c u miunu j Previously, on April 6. Hull for Inially had notified Germany that the j United States expected her to assume full responsibility for all Austrian t obligations. I Contributing to the tone of sharp tn ess in Hull's note was the fact that i Germany also has failed to reply to representations made by the state department several weks ago con- whether living in Germany or abroad. mid whether of German or foreign nationality, to register all property ' held in Germany valued at more than S.oo marks. The decree stipulated that such Jewish-owned property might be "utilized" by the German government for the good of the state." Other outstanding developments in the friction between the have been- 1. The suggestion incidents and long-growing two countries of M y o r Uiorello II. La Guarelia of New York that an effigy of Reichsfuehrer Adolf Hitler be put in a "chamber of horrors" at the forthcoming New York World's Fair, and the German embassy's formal protest to the state ! department over these remarks. 2. The recent refusal by Secretary of the Interior Haro'd L. Ickes to sanction the sale and export of helium gas to Germany for use in its new giant dirigible, sistea- ship of the ill-fated Kindenburg. o. Espionage plots uncovered in this country, some directly involving German citizens. 4. Congressional attacks on alleged un-American activities in this coun try, including the operation of nazi training camps here. 5. This government's reluctant j recognition of German's absorption e.f Austria. f. Official speeches of members of President Roosevelt's cabinet de nouncing nazi idea's and activities, and warnings against the spread of i nazi and fascist doctrines in this 1 country. I 7. President Roosevelt's initiative I in suggesting the organization of an liiiernaiionai commuiee in iacnnaie the emigration of political refugees from Germany and Austria. S. Continuous newspaper and magazine denunciation of the Ger man government, and particularly of Hitler and his chief aides, and unflatter-iiig caricatures in the press of this country. ONE OF QUADRUPLETS DIES LIVERPOOL. England, June 16 (UP) William Taylor, one of the three-day-old quadruplets born to Mrs. Esther Taylor Tuesday, died today. Another, Bryan, was in criti cal condition. Mrs. Taylor, wife of a teamster. land the other quadruplets, both girls. were progressing satisfactorily. The RAZE ROCKEFELLER HOME NEW YORK, June 16 (UP) The brown stone house in which the late John D. Rockefeller lived for more than 50 years was being razed to day. Much of the furnishings and pan eling and some of the stained glass j windows of the S0-year-old land mark "4 West 54th" have been placed in the museum of the City of New York. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., owner of the property, contracted to have the residence wrecked. Los Angeles Policeman Fights His Conviction Earle E. Kynette Wil1 Carry Case to the U. S. Supreme Court If Necessary. LOS ANGELES. June 17 (UP) Capt. Earle E. Kynette. convicted with a subordinate police offker of bombing a private detective, assert ed today that he would "fight through to the supreme court" if necessary in seeking to gain a re versal. He charged that it was a "tra vesty on justice" for the jury to con vict two of the defendants and to acquit one. Lieut. Rciy J. Allen, the second man convicted, said that he also was prepared to carry the case to the nation's high court. Kynette and Allen headed the pow erful police intelligence squad. The jury found them guilty of planting a bomb in the automobile of Harry Raymond, former San Diego police chief. Raymond almost was blown through the garage roof last Jan. 14 when he pressed the starter of his j automobile. Wounded in 150 places, he lay near death for several days. Kynette and Allen were found guilty of malicious use of explo sives. Kynette. an explosives ' expe rt and accused by the prosecution of being the man who actually planted the bomb, was convicted additionally of attempted murder and deadly as sault. Both were acquit ted of murder conspiracy, the only count in the indictment that might have carried a deatht penalty. Fred A. Browne, another subor dinate of Kynette. was exonerated of all charges and released. Unless the decision is reversed, Kvnette will be sent to nrison for a , , . ,. n-. term of from two years to life. Alien s conviction permits a sentence of from one year to life. They plan to ap peal when they are returned to court Tuesday for sentencing. MILK EXTOLLED AS OLD AGE FOE AMES. Ia. (UP) If Ponce de Leon and his men had kept a couple of dairy cows, their search for the illu sive fountain of youth need not have been so urgent, according to Annette Peterson, extension nutritionist at J Iowa State College. Milk, richer in calcium than any j other food, w ould have prolonged j the youth of the explorers by build ing bone strength and rigidity. Miss Peterson said. I The same applies to Johnny and , Mary. When they fail to get their 1 share of calcium, bone growth is! stunted and sound and even teeth j fail to develop. j For a while an adult can survive j despite a defic iency in calc ium, his i body drawing em the reserves stored; in his bones. But constant drain on these sources soon affects bone strength and rigidity. Miss Peter son said. The nutritionist recommended a quart of mi'k a day for children and a pint for adults. If an adult lias been drinking less than a daily pint oi mim tor any icngtn oi tune. nowever. consumption mignt wen ie . increased to a quart, she said. Some fruits and vegetables con tain calc ium, but in such small cjuan tities that uncomfortably large1 amounts would have to be consumed to meet the day's calcium require ment. Besides. Miss Peterson said, cal cium found in milk is better util ized by the body than vegetable and fruit calcium. The entiie day's supply of "milk need not be taken in liquid form. She suggested serving milk dishes such as creamed vegetables, souffles, cream soups and custards. GARLIC CROP WEAKER SAN JOSE. Cal. (UP) Califor nia's "strongest" crop is to be weak ened some this year. Owing to poor prices realized last year aa a result of over-production, the state will re duce its garlic acreage this year by 200. Your couriesy in ohonlng r.aws to No. 6 is appreciated. Schmelling Louis Fight a Great Card Throwback to the Golden Days cf Sports Since Dempsey-Tun- ney Fight in 182 i. By STUART CAMERON United Pi ess Sports Editor NEW YORK. June 17 (UP The tight Joe Louis against Max Schmel ing for the world's heavyweight championship was shaping up today as the first throwback to the golden decade of sports since the second Ikmpsey-Tunney fight in 1927. Deinpsey and Tunney at Chicago . . ringside seals which went 1 r ?2"J and upwards the pair . . . I headlines from Syracuse to Si:ig;' - 1 pore. ... A fifth consecutive box ling gate past the million-dollar mark ... and a v; world waiting f r the outcome . . . Later, they said it would never 'happen again: that such a fistic- ex itravaganza wouid never be dupli cated, now that that golden decade 192' to 1930 was passed. Eleven years have passed since that million-dollar fight. (Actually the gate was $2.i58.fifi(u. The heavy weigh: title has chaimecl bands six times since then but ne ver under the fabulous conditions that prevailed at Chicago. But today, at long last, the spec tacle of a former champie'U trying to regain the title from the man lie knocked out two years ago seemed certain to bring the golden decade bac k to life. Joe Louis vs. Max Schnie-ling ic seems that there's hardly a man. woman or child old enough to read v. ho are not waiting to find out w ho will be the better man on the night of next Wednesday. June 22. 193S. The fight has all the angles of any great heavyweight fight in the past land still has angles to spare. There just isn't any beginning or ending of them. For one. there's that swe-k, old boxing bromide of a white man trying to re-establish the supremacy of his race. Then, we have a former champion trying to regain bis crown, a feat attempted by four old-timo t itlcholders and ac-. ompl ished by none. Probably no angle can match the fine surrounding speculations n Schmeling's future if he should lose Remember. Schmeling came to New York in 193(1 to be a chopping bio. k for the almightv Joe Louis, the tan i - tornado with living death in either hand. The press of bis native Ger many all but ignored the fact that ho v.-as to fight. The press of the United States speculated solely upon how short a time it would take Louis to flatten the German. But Schmeling won; won by one of boxing's most amazing knockouts. iStill not the champion of the world. Schmeling was rated No. 1 among !the heavies. So he went back to Ger- ( Mnanv. Received c ut nusiasticaiiy ny Fuehrer Hitler, he became Germany's one great sporting figure, an example of nazi culture and supremacy. What if Schmeiing loses now? What would the Reich think of him? What would become of Her Max and his gorgeous wife, Film Ac tress Anny Oudra? Now, a Louis tingle: He- went into a decline after that Sdimeling kayo, and only a superlative showing against Natie Mann in New Yoi k (last February restored some of hi-? i old-time prestige. And it was thk; showing which keeps Louis the favor lite in t!. advance betting, j This betting, by the way. is soni'' iwh.a surprising in the face of Louis' 'less than brilliant training camp ; showings. Schmeling has trained I splendidly. On Louis' side are youth and i Fneod on Schmeling's. experience. t( tll0 toll lliat at,(l tak,.s o the angles, thes- and many And they make Lui.s-S hme '- more. ing the biggest talking fight of a decade. There's some-thing like ! $000100 in the coffers of Promote r Mike Jacobs right now and fresli thousands arc- tumbling in every day. If this is another million-dollar fight it would bo the third in New York history. The first was Iempsey-Firp' in 1923 whic h drew $! ,1 SK, (',(::, and the second was Dcmpsey-Sha rke-y in 1927, which drew $l,ns:',.5;:. FINLAND GOOD DEBTOR HELS1NGFORS, Finland. June 15 (UP) Risto Ryti. governor of the Finnish State bank, told today why Finland paid her $101,935.50 debt installment to the United States. Finland pays the debt, he said, be cause she agreed to pay, is able t pay and therefore fulfills an obli gation.. In the second place, he add ed, the debt was not contracted be c 'u c of the World war. but for food stuffs brought from the United States during Finland's grave shortage.