f. PAGE WO FLATTSlIOUTn SEfl WEEKLY JOUBNAL MONDAY, DEC. 23, 19J Alvo News Carroll Foreman and the good wife v.ere visiting with friends In Lincoln :-ni looking alter some business mat ;rs on last Monday. Hrtgar Edwards says that mother's rking is the very best and on ' h-f.-tmas day with the- wife and O.fiir- -.vere over and enjoyed the day 'h th'' parents. A very tine program was given at hotil on Tuesday of last week, 'rh v. as well attended by a large mbtr of people .-who enjoyed the fning very much. Mr. and Mrs. Frank E. Cook were -f-r to Weep! ntr Water on last Tues ( ay. where they were looking after r n.e business a well as doing some 1 ni'-imas wwk- . . Tl v.-ere iim hcis of the Alvo schools ill at home for Christmas and - ill r-'-niiiin away until the opening , f the next term of school, which will 1 e n Monday, January 4th. Miss Evelyn Harkhurst, who is a t Jiident at the Wesleyan university in 7 in'-oln was a visitor for the holidays ; t home and enjoyed the visit with I .r parents. Eugene Uarkhurst and vife. John ttanning and the good wife r.-ere enjoying the Christmas day and : verv fine dinner at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Banning, at T'nion. and where they also visited - it h many other relatives and old friends. .... I.. IK Mullen and wife, with their daughter. Mi-s Nita. wer host and lfstess on Christmas day at their 1 ome in Alvo ami had as their guests I r th day and a very fine dinner, J. I.. Demmitt and family and Leo Peters and family from near fireen v. ood . Unci' Cillie Warner had his niece, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Warner, of Lincoln, citll as she was going to Lincoln with her husband, from Fort Crook, to spend Christmas with the parents to pick him up and take h'm along, where all enjoyed a most ...crry Christmas in the capital city. Simon Rehmeier and the family were guests on Christmas day at the he. me of his brother. Fred Rehmeier and family, and where were also Frank Taylor and wire, also of Alvo. A number of friends from Omaha and the parents. Mr. and Mrs. G. Reh meier. of Weeping Water were also present, making this a very happy gathering. Mr. and Mrs. Soren Petersen enter tained on Christmas day at their home in Alvo. and where they enjoy ed thp company for the day and the splendid dinner which they served, of Mr. and Mrs. O. E. Steele and the family, of north of Lincoln, also Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Wooders. of Fremont, and Forest Hedrick and family of Uaveloik. Mesdames Wooders and Hedrick a re. sisters of Mrs. Petersen, v.hi-h added much to the enjoymA of the occasion. Fire Causes Excitement At the home of Mike Gordon, which is the bouse belonging to Baruch Cobling. of Plattsmouth, fire ignited v.hni a basket of cobs was left In 'lose proximity to the stove. There was a good deal of excitement but very little damage. At the Church Thursday The liibb schools and the ladies of the Methodist church on last Thursday everting presented a very nlip.shitr program, which was made the more enjoyable by the presence "f the old style Christmas tree and "e mats for the kiddies. Tractor for Sale ?-tn Intel national tractor in good oditien and being offered for only STo.'iu. Carroll Foreman, Alvo, Xeb. A "Chivvie" with Pep George Shee.dey has a Chevrolet r?x which lias scrap pep and don't ;, u forget that either. The car had beri running enough to keep the battery up to sufficient strength and Klitfsley's son. Sterling, having driv en the car t( town, attempted to Manley News Items Messrs. Otto Harms and Harold Krecklow were looking alter some business matters in Omaha Tuesday o.' lat week. The Manley schools say there is a !'an;i Clans and they are well pleas ed that there is to he no school until Monday. January 4th. Miss Anna Hauth was a visitor at tbe home of her father, John C. Fiauth. for over Christmas and the i!jys following until Sunday. August Kreiklow was over to Om aha early last week with a load of stork and. on his return was bring ;:ir with him a load of merchandise.' Edward Kelley was a visitor with f'irnd as well as looking after some " i's!: ess matters in Plattsmouth on '""fisday afternoon and evening of lart week. An lone Auerswald and the family were enjoying Christmas a, the home cf friends In South Omaha, they driv CHECK-UPTIME At thi3 time we wish to thank our many friends for the huciness which they have brought to us. We count our friends life's greatest asset. For the future we are striv- ng to more surely merit your May Your New Year be Happy and the Entire Future Very Prosperous ':' s Anton Auoi?cwoHd The Manley Now Ycara " , Dowlcr's Pall WEEPING WATER Music by Eddie Hoy Orchestra Come, Have a Good Time December 31st DOWLER DHOC. -rank the machine ; when it .was: in gear. The first turn of the crank and. the ar was off. Sterling had trouble Ptttfns out of the path of the mov ing auto.q but not so with numerous ether things, . It was headed towards the hardware tore of Edgar Edwards n,i ,lm,intinr th aitleivalk. knocked " v" " down a porch post as -well as one of the gas pumps and kept bumping against the front of the building with the evident intention of entering the hardware business. However, Sterl ing was able to get Into the car and tame its wild actions. The damage was not as much as one might reas onably expect it would have been. - Home from Hospital Miss Hzel Diekhute, one of the teachers of the Alvo school, who was at the hospital in Lincoln, where she underwent an operation for appendi citis, was so far improved last week that she was able to return to Alvo and with the coming of the vacation departed for Omaha, where she spent the holidays with her parents. Kept in Middle of the Boad While Roy Armstrong and family, cf Wahoo. were coming too Alvo, and were on the Cornhusker highway some eight miles north of Lincoln, they overtook another car going at a less rapid gait, they honked for them to get over, which they failed to do. and when they attempted to pass the other car got too close to the ditch alongside the road and their car was turned over and somewhat damaged, although none of the occupants of the car were injured. Uncle Joseph Arm strong, of Alvo. father of Ray. was in the car and was not in the least perturbed and was pleased that the accident terminated as well as it did. They were trailing a load of wood behind, which complicated matters. DEATH OF W. A. COGLIZEE The death of William A. Coglizer, 52. for a number of years a resident of Weeping Water, occurred Thurs day at the family home. 909 South 55th street, Omahaj. Mr. iCogiizer was a resident of Weeping Water for a number of years and was married here some thirty years ago to Miss Gay Thomas, daughter of Thomas. J. .1 Thomas, old time, resident. The fam-J liy nave largely maue ineir norae in Omaha itv the fast years. 'There are surviving the wielow and two, sons. Jack of Omaha and Arthur of Indian apolis, three brothers and one sister. The funeral services were held this afternoon at 2 o'clock from the Glendale funeral home. Rev. Frank G. Smith, officiating. The interment was made at the Forest Lawn ceme tery. Mr. and Mrs. D. O. Dwyer of this city were in attendance at the fun eral service. PRESENTS PREVENTS DEATH Chicago It was a good thing for Joseph Carchln that he bought his girl friend some Christmas presents. Otherwise it seems likely he would now be a dead man. He got her some Bilk stockings pajamas and a few bottles of per- tume. Then he started out to take them to her, but on the way two holdup men stopped him. Carchin gazed over his packages. One of the robbers, who was a trifle nervous fired twice. The bullets went thru the packages, perforated the stock ings and pajamas, and shattered two bottles of the perfunve, but spent their force and failed to barm Car chin. ing over to the packing town in their car on Christmas morning. On last Monday, John Gruber and wne. jits, manes urinis and son. Red. were over to Omaha, where they were doing some Christmas shopping as well as visiting with friends. mt. anu Mrs. jicrman uauth were over to Plattsmouth on last Wednes day. where they drove to look after some Christmas shopping as well as meet with friends for a short time. A portion of Highway Xo. l; ex tending from about six miles west of Murray for a distance of some ten miles, is claimed to be the worst roads in the county and the people living along that strip are willing to give odds on the proposition. On Tuesday evening of last week there was held at the church a Sun day school Christmas program and a Christmas tree, which was attended by a large number of people who en joyed the excellent numbers' which were given and aJso the gifts and the treats which were provided by Santa Claus. friendship and patronage. Blacksmith Foreseen Modeling Future World Affairs Existince of the Hague Court Called Encouraging at In statute's Close. Is Riverside, Clif. The engineer rather than the diplomat will settle future' international affairs, through rou Eh i improvements of - the radio, -Prof. Walter D. . PitWn of Columbia uni versity told the Institute of Inter national Relations which closed its eighth session here last night. ' "There will be no obstacle to lis tening across the seas," Professor Pitkin said, ''when short-wave radio transmission can make possible 20, 000 statkms operating at low cost and without interference." Messages thus broadcast will "leap over illiteracy," which has hitherto been a barrier to world understand ing, he concluded. Dr. Manley O. Hudson of Harvard law school declared that "the Wonid Court is.the only existing agency for settlement of International disputes by law. Its very existence," he con tinued, "encourages the nations to find pacific settlements of their dis putes." Dr. Herman F. Swartz. president of the Pacific School of Religion at Berkeley, urged society as a whole to shoulder unemployment insurance. "We must first of all recognize that any cycle of unemployment must be paid for by the whole of society, not only by the unemployed," he said. "A fund to finance unemploy ment insurance must be obtained either by the capital reserve plan or by assessment. . The latter plan would mean a burden on society just when it would weigh heaviest. "The best experience indicates that unemployment Insurance should be financed by contributions from three sources the workmen, who are its ultimate beneficiaries, industry, and society as a whole, with tbe state as a convenient agency." Two speakers discussed the Chi nese situation and Manchurian crisis. Mr. A. Bland Calder, assistant com mercial attache at Shanghai, told of the "great adjustment toward mod ern industrial methods" in China. Education of young Chinese in Am erica or Europe has had much to do with this modernization program, he said. Trained in banking, agricul ture and engineering, such men are giving a new tone to China when they returned from abroad. Presenting tbe Chinese viewpoint. Prof. X. Wing Mah pf the University of California decried the act of Japan in "sending military forces rough- shot over the territory of a friendly neighbor, without first having ex hausted peaceful means" of solving the Manchurian prublem. . Dr. Rufus B. von KlejnSmid. ouan cellor "of" "the Institute. J announced that the tenth session will be held in December, 1932, in Riverside. The uinth had already been planned for next July at Portland, Ore. Debtor Nations May Default on Next Payments Drastic Revision of War Obligations Looming as a Probability Moratorium Is In Effect Washington Drastic revision of Ku rope's future war debt payments to the United States became a strong probability Wednesday night just as the American government completed 1 1 aimcaiiuii 01 me one-year mum iv already in effect. Altho no official would admit it. indications multipli ed that the debtor nations would not meet their obligations on schedule. Congress having refused to provide for revision beyond the present year, temporary or permanent default seemed entirely possible. At Basel. Switzerland, an official committee found that Germany can not expect to resume her reparations payments to her neighbor nations at the end of the present holiday. It is these same nations who owe the Uni ted States. Several of them already have indicated informally they can not pay here unless Germany pays them. Officials would not comment in any way on the action at Basel or its probable result. President Hoover, signing the resolution qf congress which gave . legal effect to the one year moratorium, said in a statement that by its holiday proposal the Am erican government had "averted . a catastrophe. He said nothing about the situation now. The president did recommend that congress recreate the war debt com mission which made the present debt funding agreements. Congress flatly refused. To. tbe moratorium resolu tion it attached a proviso that debt reduction or ' cancellation was Magaih6t the policy-of congress' . . When he signed this resolution Mr. Hoover made only this reference, to the reduction proviso: "No part of the debt owing us has been cancelled of reduced; ' the- postponed amounts are repayable over a period of ten years with interest at .4 percent." How Up. To Europe.. . The next step is up to the Euro pean nations themselves. Officials sidestep all comment by saying they first must study the reports of the Basel committee.. Their attitude shows conviction that congress has spoken with great :deflniteness and there is nothing left for President Hoover to do. . , . v . It is expected in come quarters that a general conference on reparations, or perhaps on reparations and war debt both -will -lior VW proposed. Every; an doK! icubt: isjeast oyer th possibility. I), tfce Vpitfd., States would 'participate in such a confer- , Hi Poultry Wanted Have Orders for Another Car of Poultry Hens, per lb.. . . .100 Springs, per lb. . . . 10 KOOSterS. Der lb.. . . 5C -.... If the Market Goes Higher We wilr Pay More last Cliar.ce to get those Early Springs in before tliey go into the Ucoster Class. Plattsmouth Produce Successor to Farmers Co-Operative Creamery ence. Some unofficial suggestions hove been made that the debts bo paid by the principal powers by ces sions of territory to the United States No official noth-e 'has been taken of that plan. State Journal. Tulane Coach Favors Trojan Grid Eleven Bungs 35 to Pasadena, Staging a Wcikcnt After Arrival; Dal lyraple Out to Win. Pasadena, Cal., Dec. 23. Dubious as to the abilit.yof his team to up hold the presjtige of the south in Rose tournament play. Coach Bernie IMerman brought 33 f t his Tulane gridiron Greenies into town Wednes day io make final preparations for the football clash with the Univer sity of Southedn California on New Year's day. The Green Wave mentor was pessi mistic. He said that after Wednes day's workout at Tuscon, Ariz., when his first eleven looked "terrible" against Soirthera California plays, he wan convinced t,he 28-to-7 victory he had predicted fo the Trojans was too optimistic. "Unless we' improve a lot over our showingi; and workout en route, the Trojans will beat us by a greater, margin. Outside of the practice sessions we had ' a nice Journey. Diqrman'H players. were aspptimis ti,c as lie. .V-;a pessimistic. Capt.' Jerry DaTfymple. all-America end, said, Were try beat 'em. Those two-to-one odds against ns are too much." liierman's , assistants, however, shared his feeling that Tulane was due for defeat. ' Tew of the 10o southern followers who arrived on the special train would accept this gloomy outlook. They figured the Green Wave wasn't making just a hoffday trip but would give the Trojans a terrific battle. Dalrymple, although not in the best of condition as a result of in juries received .in tho Washington State game, promised to be in top fcrm by Jan. 1. , Dierman surprised everyone by saying his starting lineup would probably under'weigh that presented by the light Georgia team. Hierman staged a long practice Wednesday afternoon at Tournament park, working further on Trojan de fense and brushing up on some of Tulane's own plays. Regular after noon practice will be held hereafter. Omaha Bee-News. Nation Appears to be Regaining Its Confidence Wholesome Trend Is Seen by Head of Investment Men Hoarding Is On Decline New York The closing months of 1931 seem to have developed a whole some trend in the subsidence of fear and the dawning of a calmer determ illation to face ' ac tualities, in the opinion of Col. Allan M. Pope. "Economic events themselves have produced this result." he said in a yearend survey prepared for the As sociated press. Colonel Pope is pres ident of the Investment Bankers as sociation and executive vice presi dent of the First National , Old Col ony corporation. ' "We saw the rising tide Of hoard ing, and then weUaw the reassuring ebb. in that tide." he explained. "There was a brief flight of gold from our shores, but the phenomenon was a matter of history before its effect ws adversely felt.' ' ' ' 'The National Credit corporation was brought into being and the mere knowledge that such an effec tive emergency machinery could be and had been created to meet a situ ation was in a measure comparably as beneficial to the public mind as was the operation of the machinery itself. "Fearfully we witnessed a persis tent decline in commodity prices and then saw such important basic com modities as wheat, silver and oil find resistence points, and whatever' the immediate trends may be. we know that the present maladjustments can be corrected and that we can find a solid level on which to build. With all of the severity and per sistence of -its hardships,; 1991 ts shown tbat-wTM apither, fcelplets o'iiopelessVcljur&ai..-: Sharkey Hurls Challenge at Jack Dempsey Gob Offers to Wager $50,000 He Can Kayo Mauler or Hake Him Quit Inside of Six Bounds. Boston, Dec. 23. Jack Sharkey, American heavyweight champion, to day sent u telegram to Jack Dempsey, former world titleheluer. in which he ofr'ered to wager the former champion ?50,000 he could knock him out or make him quit inside aix rounds. The telegram, which was sent to Dumps:' y at Salts Lake CUy, Utah, by Sharkey follows: "According to newspaper stories, ycu claim you are go ing to stage a ring come back. You have also been quoted as saying you can lick me easily. I hereby challenge you to meet nie in a 15-iound bout with five-ounce gloves. I will wager $50,000 that I shall knock you cut or make ycu quit inside of six round. You may have until May J., 1932, to acecpt this chal lenge, as I wish you to be in the best possible condition when you meet me. I am willing that the contest be staged n.xt summer. "Ycu kidded the public last year and the year before that you were coming back to fight so as to help batlyhoo your barnstorming tour. You iiu.t need money badly when you per mit your ears to be punched off by stumble bums and sixth raters who never licked anybody. And the boys are using lG-ounce pillows, too. "New either agre? to accept my challenge and fight me in a ring with tive-cunce gloves or admit you are afraid to fight me." Omaha Bee-News. East St. Louis Packers Lose Federal Case Suspension of Forty-seven Live stock Dealers Upheld as Constitutional East St. Louis. 111. The constitu tionality of the Packers and Stock yards Act of 1921 and of the Agri cultural Marketing Act of 102S, which established the Federal Farm Beard, was upheld by the Federal Court here when it sustained an or der of the United States Department of Agriculture ' suspending 1 47 live stock dealers at the National Stock yards.- The case will be carried to the United States Supreme C'urt. The firms whose administrative suspension was xipheld ry a special court are said to have refused to deci wih two cooperative members of the Farm Board's organization set up fcr purposes of marketing live stock. According to the court decision, the order of Mr. Arthur M. Hyde, Secre tary cf Agriculture, which followed a federal hearing in St. Louis alcrost a yer.r ago, "was not unreasonable, discriminatory or confiscatory." The hearing upon which it was based, the court said, "contained no irregulari ties and was not violative of the plaintiffs' constitutional rights." The crux of the decision appeared in that portion which said that the refusal of registered marketing agen cies at a public stockyards to deal with other registered agencies with out just cause "is an unfair and un justly discriminatory practice and device within the meaning of the Packers and tSxkyard-, Act." Sitting on the special court which sustained the order were Federal Judges Walter Lindley and Fred L. Wham and Circuit Judge Samuel Alschuler. The dealers accused of tbe boycott appealed to the Federal Court following the order and the case was argued three months ago 11 nanvi'ie. tour. 01 the 4 1 nrms were found not guilty of the boy- cotting practices. j r Omaha Fruit Mahle Market I t T T T T T T f T 24th and b To my Hundreds of Friends , from Plattsmouth and ' tass iounty; . I surely appreciated you at this large market. I will givie you my personal attention & and save you lots of money 8 on your Fruit and Vegetable h needs. Signed SAM GIVINTER, Formerly ofthe Peoples Market V a. H . ; Plattsmouth, Nebr. V geoooqoaocqccogeGOCOoocooooocJ One carload Florida's Finest Oranges, per bushel $X-4S - " .' Ripened on the Trees r Tho Sweetest and Juciest of Oranges One carload Florida's Finest Grapefruit, per bushel -03 One carload Winesap Apples, per bushel -G5 5?r 50 caseiii pb'Cpd Cranberries, extra large, 3 JIMMY MACK DECISIONS MARTIN IN FEATURE BOUT Wilmingtou, Del Jimmy Mack, 1920, of Philadelphia, was an easy victor over Al Martin. 124, of Balti more, in the wiudup of a boxing card here. Mack carried too many heavy guns for Martin. There were no knockdowns. In other bouts Morris Gross, 13S,! of Philadelphia, defeated Hay Rom ney, 139, of Wilmington, d''on, (C); Kid Guthrie, 138. of Sai. Uury. Md.. knocked ut Frankie Weils, 132, of Wilmington (2); Gene Saviasto. 133, cf Philadelphia, knocke I out Sol Oergo, 129, of Philadelphia (2); Al Jones, 122, cf Wilmington, defeated Lou Zello, 119 of Wilminyton, (4 ). Sweeping Slice Off Tariffs arc Sought by rl WruM Aid Other La:. '3 to Meet Obl;gations Says T.Ai Licve Sadly Jlceded. Washington A sweeping reduc tion of world tariff duties in a:i ef fect to aid nations in payin : off) tieir international obligat ir-ns was advocated by Senator Hull as a nec esfary prelude to debt revision nego tiations. "The European governments in debted to our government," the Ten nessee democrat said in a statement. "are estopped to rai.-e the question of dent reduction until tney nrst lane ail reasonable steps toward payment by proposing to our government a converted policy cf tariff reduction and more liberal trade relations." "This should be done," he added, "so as to make it possible for the tirst lime since the February tariff enactment in 1922, for debtor na tions to transfer across international boundaries their payments of inter est and principle when due." Trade Report Issued. "So far as I am able," he con tinued. "I shall urge and insist that our government and its d(btor gov ernments first go on record on this one method of restoring internation al trade before ay debt discussion can fairly and legitimately arise." Meanwhile, the" foreign commerce department of the chamber of com merce of the United States announced that an analysis of exports for the first nine months of this year show ed that 19 percent of the leading Am erican exports gained in volume as compared with a year ago. In most instances, however, the announcement said, "The quantity gains in particular items were coun teracted, insofar as dollar value is concerned, by commodity price de clines." Total value of the American exports for the nine months was giv en as $l.S41.729,PO0. approximately 38 percent below the same period last year. MEETING TO BE AT HAGUE Paris The newspaper Petit Pari sien taid the French and British gov ernments have agreed on Jan. IS. as the date, and The Hague as the place, for the conference of nations on re parations, and that these two will so propose to other interested powers. Other powers will accept, it was be lieved in auhoritative circles here, and this would leave only two weeks between the reparations conference and the world disarmament confer ence, which is slated to begin at Gen eva on Feb. 2. DOGS ATTACK SHEEP J. IT. Fulton, one of the well known farmers of south of the city. states that some dogs have invaded the feed lot where he has a number! of sheep fattening, killing the sh?ep j and making their escape. The at-j tack occurred at night and was not j discovered until the next morning. That the neighborhood has one or several sheep killing dogs fhould cause the farmers there to be on the wauh for the animals and make an end of their activities. For those you overlooked send a N Auu Va3p' CI root I n n rapH Vftii can ret them fit all orlces at the Rates Book Store. Deer Park Dlvd. Omaha, Nebr. YOU CAN'T HELP BUT Save R3nney We sell cheaper than the average merchant can buy. When you buy here, you save the Middleman's profit We buy direct from the shipper therefore, we save you the broker and commission man's profit. It's Direct from Shipper to Consumer to see K 2y CRYSTALS 1 Weyrich&Hadraba Seventeen Nations in Win ter Olympics United S.ates Entns 70 at Lake Placid Stais of Farcfgn Coun tiies Are Coinin?-. Lake Placid. N. Y. Seventeen na tions will compete in the third Olym pic winter games her..- 1-Vb. 4 to 13. it was announced by Dr. Godfrey Dewey, president of the games' com mittee, following the doting of the entiy list. The nations entered are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, 1 Finland, Franc?, Germany, Great Jriiiiin. Paly. Jai.an. Hungary, Nor way, Poland. Jtouuiania, Sweden, Switzerland and th- United Slates. More than 3i0 athletes represent ing thce nations already are enter 1 d and the list will be Increased ma terially befoie Jan. 21, the closing j,,ate t,r. individual entries Altho economic conditions in Eu rope have in a few cares tcrved to cut down the size of the visiting con tingents, ih y have in 110 case cut down the cjuality of the; competitors nor materially decreased the st length of the visiting teams." Virtually every winter sport star 01 Europe is entertained. The United Slates has the largest team, and its seventy representatives will compete in all five of the major feprrts on the Olympic program, skiing, ppeed fkating. figure skating, heckey and bobsledding. They will also appear in the three demonstra tions, sled dog racing, curling and v.c men's speed skating. With th; exception of the Olym p'c arena, which will be completed by Jan. 10, all of the Lake PJacid's Olympic facilities are now in use. They are built at a cost of. over a half million dollars. There are 250 miles of gki trails. Stats Journal. ELM CREEK SENDS AID TO DROUTH 6UITERERS Elm Creek With one car cf feed on its way to the drouth stricken areas of northern Nebraska. Elm Creek and vicinity has a second car of food, clothing and stock feed 1n readiness to ship. . Elm . Cre'k Com munity chiba!id KqyJ. Kncbel post of the American Legion-are sponsor ing the work. This 1s the first ship ment to be made from Buffalo Coun ty. Furniture Prices WATCH FOR OUR BIG AD THURSDAY Hundreds of dollars worth of reclaimed goods now in stock everything in Household Goods! Must go at an absolute slaughter to satisfy the balance due. See us now while goods last. Don't forget us on New Goods on the great reduction! Sale Now at Whole sale Houses Ghrist Furniture Co. Phone 645 So. 6th Street PLATTSMOUTH t f t t x f T T X Y Y Y lbs. for ... .23 4 it i 4