f
1
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE TO
FIFTV-EIGI3TE3 CONGRESS
Chief Executive Recommends Passage of Important
Legislation Causes Leading to the Formation of
the New Republic of Panama No Obstruction Now
to the Building of the Isthmian Canal Venezuelan
Dispute a Triumph for International Arbitration
Extension of Purposes of Appropriation for Enforc
ing Trust and Interstate Commerce Laws Favored
Public Land and Postal Frauds-Need for
Treaties Making Bribery Extraditable Relations
of the Government to Capital and Labor.
Tlie President Charge the Colombian Government wish Acting in
IJmI Faith in Hepudialinij the Treaty Between That Country
and tho United States Precedents Drought i'orwerd to Explain
the Attitude of the State Department in the Recent Crisis
Country l!oo Been in an Almost Constant State of Turmoil
for Many Years The Importance of Preserving Peace in
the Isthmita Declared of Paramount Imparlance.
President II'. :;owit riM' : -;:ge to lit
',, n, m'.--iiii f th" Fifty-' ;.;hlli Con
gress is .siihstaal iallv as fellows:
To th- $rn:!r ii ml tIour i,f .Vpr.e;i-
tnl i
Tl.tr t i:t try I to be 'i-1 a t n 1 i P d
tli amount f" sub t .1 1. 1 1.1 1 a. bioy im lit
will- h h: ln.ilkcl Ih" pust :.! t III US
ftj'irilt Mir tiiiii aiitl as if.'.iid our
.loriicstlf tioli.v.
With ration an with .1 man ft: tno:-t
Important thiritf-s art- thus of tlit I ou.-ie-and
therefore the country Is eN.c
ially t be count atulul. l on what hns
been miolistml in I lit direction of pro
ctitis fr I It firrN of .supervision
ttvrr th Rrent corporations ami combina
tions of corpora lions rugage.I in ttiter
f.il (ommrrrr. The Congies lias ere
f t ti I t-pBrtnnnt of C(iminfroe and
J.nbor, iiK'luiliiifi the Bureau of Corpora
tions, with for the first time authority to
cure proper publicity of such proceed
ing of these great corporations ns the
I.ubhc has the rtsht to know. It has pro-
IdeU for the t xpediting of stilts for the
enforcement of the Federal anti-trust
:.; and by another law it has secured
eiial treatment to all producers! in the
transportation of their goods, thus takiriK
a long stride forward in making effective
the wotk of the liiU-tstate Commerce
'ommis-ton.
Department of Commercj and Labor.
Tlie establishment r the Itepai ttnent
rt (.'cimm'rio and l..-itxr. wUh ilie Itiir.nu
t-f Corporation. t hereunder, marks a r.-sil
xdvanee in the ! ; r 1 1. . 11 of doin all that
Is possible for the solution of the U Minn
itally auV.tir cJi-itulist ar.d waje
w or kt !.
Funct:3ri of New Department.
Tlie p: eiminary o:k of the r.u-i.iu
rf I 'm i 01 a I lot's irr t! ti. .pnittriei t has
,... ri the wisdom of Us en a t ion. Pub
licity in corporate affaiis will tend to do
.iwnv v. nh ignorance, ;ii..l will afton!
f.i.'t ttt't tt which ii.tclli. i:t a. tiiin ni.iv
he taken. S t-ternat ic. Isr 1 1"! ! i-fii t ln.es
t lli. ri IS a.le.'ldv !et e; f:;cts the-
kl!oVl It ll-;.' of W llii h Is C.--1 I. It ll toil ti-.ht
1: nd. 1 Mand::iK of the tie. .U and unties of
t:.e I uMtt-.e.sH wot 1.1. The co: pot a t ion
r.huh is l.oi.estly arsl fairly organized,
wliose mnr:.K.-rs In tlie conduct of Us
b;:sinc.s recognize their old ii; i t ion to deal
t .timet, e.ith their M". U.!. oilers, their
competitors, and the public, las nothing
to fear front Mich supervision. The iur
I ose of this bur -..'ill is i.ot to embarrass
tr asra'.l lemlimte business, but tt n i J
!! hrmKit'i; .-ilmut a better ii:du:'tt iat condition-a
cotielitloii iind -r wh!e!i titer
eimli be obedience to law and recognition
.f ptibi: - ob lig.ttlott by all corporation.
Kreat or s mall. The Iepa: tnient of Com
merce ar.d I.nbor will be not only te
iS.'irir-tr house for Information refill ding
f e business trat'.sa. l ions of the nation
tut tii-- exec-dive :11m of the .v ct timcnt
t-. aid in r trerut ln-r- i our domestic n:td
f .r - ;i. markets, in ; . (( ovi. tians
jort.ition f.t' '!:(: s. la b.;,:.!i:i- up our
pie:. t.;tt;t marine, ir p; venting the -n-l-ir.-
of iMid-sirnble it:, to I 1 ri r s. in i:n
1:0. in"; ..mnier. i.a aid ir.ju.-tri.il cotnli
ti.irs. and I 1 brii"sii: t oe t l:. r on com-
li.on ci "iii. .1 t!to.;. ri .-.ry part nets in
t-.dustft-il proKfe.-: c:tt. it.it and labor.
ort.m.r. I', two n tl.c ratio:'. is tad
f.v RiowitK i'l vo'ii"!-. aid the tendency
rtf t!;e times Is toward e!o.s.r t:aJ. r-la-t.or.s.
l'i.ii-t:int watchfulness Is nee.l.d
to secure to Americans the chance to par
ticipate trt ti e b. st adva.it ik In foreign
trade: inl we may coniulently expect
t-.at the new d-r a: trr.--rt will justi: the
expectation of its creators ly the exer
cise of thN w rrtehfulness. as wll as by
th bu.sir.-.-.T;ke aduir.istration of such
n lattr.K to our r:tcf;-.al ail'aits a.
ar-i tt::rfteU to its care
I:- ec. ictir - ti.- lar. s ab .-e emtm-rate.J
t' e i-ors-ess proceeded 0:1 sat:e an. I co;i--ra:te
lira s N t!'i". t e dut ion it y
t.:s atferrptel: but a e-omm.ui-r-en.--e and
-.ill eft'oit was mil- in tb.e !ire--t
..... .of tl. it .-: po. aticr.s are
:.i-i.i:.-i as t.. subserve t'i- pub:;.- .d.
T'.ie 1. u.i;i 1 1. . it was moderate, ll was
i.ar.i. -tt-ried tliroushoiit by ths.- i lea that
we v.i-Tc rot attn-Iiin- corpora tiuns. but
endeavoring to pr'ivid-r for i;n? away
witli a-iy evil In them: that we drew the
line Hair.st :aicond-.tet. r.ot as-i'-t-
weal:!:: tl idly recoRnizinu ttio nre.it p-o.l
done bv caiiiiallsts who alone, or in
- orjan. tioii with his fellow?, does his
work along proper and legitimate lines
Ybe purpose of the legislation, which pur
pose will undoubtedly be fulhlled. w a to
anir s-.ich a man when he does well, and
tt supervise his action only to prevent
Mm from lining ill. Iuhlioity can do r.o
barm to the hone.st corporation. Tha
only corporation that has ca ise to d.ead
jt is the corporation which shrinks from
ti.e light, and about the welfare of such
corporations we need not be oversensitive.
The work of the Department of Com
tierce and libor has been conditioned
tnon this tceory. tif fecurlng fair troat
rtent a'.ik for labor and for capital.
Capital and Labor.
Ti.e consistent policy of tlie rational
government, so far as it has the power.
to hold In check the unscrupulous nun.
whether employer or employe: but to re
fine to weaken Individual initiative or
t.- hamper or cramp the industrial devel
opment of the country. We recognize
that this ts an era of freedom and ctm
blr.ation. in which great capitalistic cor
poration. and labor unions have become
factors of tremendous Importance in all
lnd.1stri.1l centers. Hearts recognition is
rJven the fa r-reacl.ir.g. beneficent work
vhich has been r.ccomplisli-d throujrh
'.th corporations and nr. ions, and the
ii: t as betwreri different corporations.
ms between d.fferent ur Ions, i.s drawn as
It ii between different individuals: thut
!s. It is draw, on londtict. the effort l.e
iri!T to treat loth i.rjr.i :i:z--.i capital and
'.rganized labor aiike; askiiui noihin?
.ave the inte-.-st of each vluill b- bron'.t
lr.to l.armoriv witli the iiitt-resl of the
general public, nnd that tc.e -oii:uct of
eaeh ihall conform to the f ind.i rr.enta I
ruled of obedieiue to law. of individual
freedom, and of J is rice and fa'r il"al!:';
towards all. V.'henevt r either corpora
tion, labcr union, or Individu; disre
an's the law or ads In a spirit of arbi
trary and tyrannous interference with
the rights of others. l:Aher corpora
tions or Individuals, then where the
Kcleiil Government lias jurisdiction. It
wcl ee to it that the misconduct is
opped. paying rot the Blihtest heed to
position or power of the corporation.
tK union or the individual, but only to
an vital fact-that is. the question wheth
er or not the cond.ict of the Individual
or aggregate of Individuals Is in ac
cordance with the law of the land. Every
an must be Suaranted his liberty anJ
vds rirht to do as lie l.ke with his prop
arty er bl Ubor, luag as be Uoee aot
t -
Infringe Ci- r!.fs r.f others No nan Is
above Ii.-- law and no man 1; below it;
r.'.r do we ark any man's permission when
w- r. oiiiri i ., ,,l-v it. Olle.il'-tlCC to
tl e law Is .1 .nand. d as a rlhi; not asked
as jl. lav or.
Receipts and Expenditures.
I'rorn nil source., exclusive of the pos
tal ti'-: vice, the receipts of tho gi-.-rti-in.-nt
for the last lineal year aggregated
$..'.'.d1;.R71. The exK-nditure.s lor the
'ame peiiod Were J0O6.!iO.(iO7. the surplus
for the fiscal year being r,4.297.M. The
Indications are that the surplus for the
present fiscal year will be very small, if
Indeed there be any surplus. Krom July
to Novcmlwr the receipts from customs
w.-re, e pproxlrnately, nine million dollaru
l.-ss than the receipts from the same
source for a corresponding portion of last
yar. Should this decrease continue at
the same ratio throughout the tlscal
year, the surplus would be reduced by.
approximately, thirty million dollars.
Should the revenue from customs suffer
much further decrease during the fiscal
year, the surplus would vanish. A large
surplu i is certainly undesirable. Two
year ago the war taxes were taken off
with th" express intention of equalizing
the government receipts and expenditures,
and though the first year thereafter still
showed a surplus, it now aeems likely
that a substantial equality cf tevenue
snid cxp'-nditnre will be attained. Such
being the case it is of great mom-rt both
to exerci.se care and economy h'. appro
priations, and to scan sharply ar.y change
in our fiscal revenue system which may
reduce our income. The need of strict
economy In our expenditures Is empha
sized by the fact that we can not afford
to be tiaisi:oo:ii(..us in providing for what
is essential to our national well-being.
Car. ful economy wherever possible, wdl
atone prevent our Inrnm.' from falling
b- Iov the point required i.i order to meet
our genuine needs.
Needs cf Financial Situation.
Tie int. ri ity i-jr currency Is beyond
iue.-t ion. tiud in.der present conditions it
w ould ! unwi.-;e and u nn c. ssa r y to at
tempt a rei onsti iieiinn of our entire mon
etary system. The same liberty should
be granted the S.i-t tary of the Treasury
to deposit customs leccipts as Is granted
him in the deposit of receipts from other
soiirc-s. In my message of lice. 'J. 190".
I call'.! atlentioii to c. i tain needs of the
liiiinei.il situation, and I again ask the
consideration of the Congress for these
questions.
Gold and Silver Standard.
I'uriiig the last session of the Congress,
at the suggestion of h joint note from
tlie It. .public ..f ?.I. xico and the Imperial
il'iv. riimmt of China, and in harmony
with an act of the Congress appropriat
ing I-".. ''' to pay the expenses thereof,
a commission was appointed to confer
with the principal Kuropeari countries in
the hope that some plan rolM be devised
w lici t by a fixed late of xcha nge could
be as-iir I betw-en the gold -sta nda rd
cunt lies and the silver-standard coun
tries. This commission lias tiled its pre
liminary report, which has been made
public. 1 !e. ;-i it important that the
e mm 'ssion be continued, and that a sum
of money be appropriated sufficient to
t ay the rvpertscs of its further labors.
With resA.ds tr tho improvement of
the American merchant marine the
President recommends that the C'on
Kress direct the Secretary of tho
Xavy. the Postmaster-General, and the
Secretary of Commerce and Labor, as
sociated with such a representation
from the Senate and House of Repre
sentatives as the Congress in its wis-!-m
may designate, to t-erve as a com
pulsion for the purpose of investigat
ing and report ii:?; to the Congress at
its next session what legislation is de
sir.ibl" or necessary for the develop
ment of the Aiiiericv.n merchant ma
rine and American commerce, and in
cidentally of a national ocean mail
service of adequate auxiliary naval
cruisers and navel reserves.
On the subject of immigration tho
message calls attention to the report
of a committee of New York citizens
or high standing. Messrs. Arthur v.
Vriesen. I.ce K. Krankel, Eugene A.
Philbin. Thomas V. Hynes. and Ralph
Trautman. which deals with the whole
situation at length, and concludes with
certain recommendations for adminis
trative and legislative action. It is
now receiving the attention of the
Secretary of Commerce and Labor.
The message continues:
Anti-Trust Laws.
On the subject of the anti trust
measures which have been dealt with
by the Congress the President says:
In my last annual message. In connec
tion with the subject of the due regula
tion of combinations of capital which
are e.r may become injurious to the pub
lic. I recommendeel a special appropria
tion for the better enforcement of the
anti-trust law as it now stands, to be
expended under the direction of the Attorney-General.
Accordingly iby the leg
islative, executive, ar.d judicial appro
priation act of February 3. 1903. 32
Stat.. K.i. 4. th Congress appropriated,
for th- pi:rp".T of enforcing the various
I'ed.-ral trust and interstate-commerce
laws, the sum of five hundred thousand
dollars, to b-i expended under the direc
tion of the A ttorn-y -General in the em
ployment of s-pecial counsel and agents
in the Iiepartrne.-it of Justice to conduct
proceedings and prosecutions under said
iawa in the courts of the United States.
1 now recommend, as a matter oT the ut
most importance and urgency, the exten
sion of the purr-opes of this appropria
tion, to that it may b- available, under
the direction of the Attorney-General, and
until used, for the due enforcement of
the laws of the t'nited States In general
and especially of the civil and criminal
laws relating to public lands and the laws
re!ating to postal crimes and offenses and
the subject of naturalization. Itecent In
vestigations have shown a deplorable
state of affalr in these three matters of
vital concern. Ky various frauds and
by forgerler. and perj::rles. thousands of
acres of the public domain, embracing
lands of different character and extend
ing through various sections of the coun
try, have been dishonestly acquired. It
is hardly necessary to urge th Import
ance of rscoverinj these dishonest acoil-
slt.ons. fltoicn .ram the people, aril of
promptly and daiy puni.ihirnj the of
fendei s.
Postal Frauds.
I speak In another part of this message
of th widespread crimes by which the
sacred right of .ltiensh!p in falsely as
serted and that "Inestimable heritage"
perverted to ba.se ends. Uy nimllar means
that Is, through frauds, forgeries, and
perjuries, and by shameless briberies
the laws relating to ths proper conduct
of the public service in general and to
the due administration of the Postufflce
department have been notoriously vio
lated, and many indictments havo been
found, and the consequent prosecutions
are In course of heiirlr.g or on the eve
there..!. Kor tho leasons thus Indlevated.
and ao that the Government may bo pre
pared to enforce promptly and with the
greatest effect the dt.e penalties for such
violations of law. and to this end may
be furnished with sufficient Inst rumen tal i-Ik-s
and comp.-ient legal assistance for
the Investigations and trials which will
be riecefsary at many different points of
the country. I urge upon the 'ongress
tin- necessity of making the said appro
priation available for immediate use for
all such purposes, to be expended vnder
the direction of the Attorney-General.
Needs for Treaties Making Bribery
Extraditable.
Steps have b en t:ik.-n by the Stat.
Iej. 11 tniei.i ;....kii. to the making ot
bribery an extt adit abl- otf .-lis. with for
. :;:i p-;;--rs. The ic-e l of t:iorf etfeetive
treatb-s e-..-iii. this crime is manifest.
The cxpo-i T. s :t. I prosecutions of of
!': i:;l corruption in St. Louis, Mo., arid
..ti.-r ciiii-.i and :.tat-s have r'-.-ti'.te.! in
a number of giver.-- aid takers of bribes
bee .ii.io;,- fugitive.-, i'l tor.-i'n land -'. I'.rib
eiy has n..t be 11 included in exti' i Iition
tie-Hies beret. if.,! e. .'IS the T . II VS.-' i '. V for
it l as ret arir-:?. While tha-te mav h ive
been as nun ii ollici.ii corrupt! n in former
y:::e. th iv has been in. re developed
and brought to i:.;ht in the immediate
past than i:i the preceding c -ntury of
our co tint rV hir-lory. it Mioiii.i le tilt
policy of the Cnicd States to leave no
I la. e on earth w h-re a corrupt man
deciiii; fr-.m this country can re.;:t in
peice. There i- no r-asou why bribery
elionl.l not b included 1:1 all treaties as
extraditable. The- recent ameine.-d treaty
with Mexico, whereby this crime was
put in the list of extraditable offenses,
has established a salutary precedent in
this regard. I'tider this treaty the Stato
Department has asked, and Mexico has
granted, the extradition of una of the St.
Louis bribo givers.
There can be no crime more serious
than bribery. Other offenses violate one
law, while corruption strikes at the foun
dation of ull law. Cnder our form of gov
ernment all authority Is vested in the
people and by them delegated to those
who represent them In ofliciul capacity.
The exposure and punishment of public
cot ruption is an honor to a nation, not
a disgrace. The shame lies in toleration,
not in correction. Xo city or state, still
less tiie nation, can be injured by tho
enforcement of law. As long; as public
plunderers when detected can And a
haven of refuge in any foreign land and
avoid pi'.ni3hnient. just so long encour
agement Is given them to continue their
practices, if wo fail to do all that in us
lies to stamp out corruption we can not
escape our share of responsibility for the
guilt. Tho first requisite of successful
self-government is unflinching enforce
ment of the law and the cultir.g out of
corruption.
Alaskan Boundary.
The message gives in detail the
causes which led to the appointment
of the Alaskan boundary commission,
and congratulates both countries on
the satisfactory termination of the
sessions of the tribunal. It continues:
The result is satisfactory in every way.
It i.s of great material advantage to our
people In the far Northwest. It has re
moved from ti.e field of discussion and
possible danger a ouestijn liaoie to be
come morer acutely accentuated with each
passing year. Finally, it lias furnished
a signal proof of the fairness and good
will with which two friendly nation can
approach and determine issues involving
national sfjver cignty and by their nature
incapable of submission to a third power
for adjudication.
Claims Against Venezuela.
Referring to the success which
crowned the efforts of the United
States to have the Venezuelan dis
pute submitted to impartial arbitra
tors the President Fays:
Tlier3 seems gaod ground for the be
lief that there has been a real growth
among the civilized nations of a senti
ment which w ill permit a gradual sub
stitution of other methods than tho
method of war in the settlement of dis
putes. It is not pretended that as yet
we are near a position In which it will
be possible wholly to prevent war. or
that si just regard for national interest
and honor will in all cases permit of
the settlement of international disputes
by arbitration: but by a mixture of prudence-
and firmness with wisdom we think
it is possible to do away with much of
the provocation and excuse for war, and
at least in many cases to substitute some
other and more rational method for the
settlement of disputes. The Hague court
e.ffors so good an example of what can
be done in the direction of such settle
ment that it should be encouraged in
every way.
President McKinley, in hi3 mes
sage of Dec. T., JS98. urged that the
Executive be authorized to correspond
with the governments of the principal
maritime powers with a view of in
corporating into the permanent law of
civilizes.! nations the principle of the
exemption of all private property at
sea, rot contraband of war, from cap
ture or destruction by belligerent
powers.
President Roosevelt says he cor
dially renews this recommendation, as
a matter of humanity and morals.
Consular Service.
I cal! your attention to the reduced cost
in maintaining the consular service for
the fiscal year et'ding June 30, 1903. as
shown in the annual report of the Aud
itor for the State and other departments,
as compared with the year previous. For
the year under consideration the excess
of expenditures over receipts on account
of the consular service amounted to $2S.
125.12, as against $36,972.30 for the year
ending June 30. 10C2. and $147,040.14 for the
year ending June 3fl. l'.Wl. This is the
best showing in this iespect for the con
sular service for the past fourteen years,
and the reduction In the cost of the serv
ice to the Government has been made In
spite of the fact that the expenditures for
the year in question were more than
$20,000 greater than for the previous year.
Rural Free-Delivery Service.
The rural free-delivery service has been
steadily extended. The attention of the
Congress is asked to the question of the
compensation of the letter carriers and
4 clerks engaged in the postal service, es
pecially on the new rural rre-deiivery
routes. More routes have been installed
since the first of July last than in any
like period in the department's history.
While a due regard to economy mu3t be
kept in mind in the establishment of new
routes, yet the extension of the rural
froe-de livery system must be continued,
for reasons of sound public policy. N'o
governmental movement of recent years
iias resulted in greater immediate bene.fit
to the people of the country districts.
Rural free delivery, taken in connection
with the telephone, the bicycle, and the
trolley, accomplishes much toward les
sening the isolation of farm life and mak
ing it brighter and more attractive. In
the immediate past the lack of just such
facilities as these has driven many of the
more active and restless young men ar.d
women fiom tho farms tu tin cities: for
they rebelled at loneliness and lack of
mental companionship. It is unhealthy
and undesirable for tlie cities to grow at
th-5 expense of the country: and rural
free delivery is not only a good thing
in itself, but is good because it is one
of the causes which check this unwhole
some tendency towards the urban con
centration of our population at the ex
pense of the country districts. It is for
the same reason that we sympathix with
and appiove of the policy of building
good roads. The movement for good
J roads is on rraugnt wun in? s-'
benefit to the country d:tricts
In tho Philippine and Porto Klco.
it Is declared, steady progress Is being
mad ) and tho condition of the Island
ers nlready has been materially ad
vanced. Receipts of General Land Office.
On the subject of the public lands
of the country the message gays:
The cash receipts of the General Land
Office for tho last fiscal year were $11.
024.73.5. an increase of $4.7e2.81G.47 over
the preceding year. Of this sum. approx
imately. $3,461 493 will go to the credit
of the fund for tho reclamation of arid
land, making tho total of this fund, up
to th 30th of June, 1903. approximately,
$16.m.S36.
A gratifying disposition has been
evinced by those having unlawful ln
closures of public land to remove their
fences. Nearly two million ucres so in
closed have been thrown open on ae
mand. In but comnaratlvely few cases
has it bec-n necessary to go into court
to accomplish tills purpose. This work will
be vigorously prosecuted until all unlaw
ful inclosures have been removed.
Irrigation.
The work of reclamation of the arid
:.ancls of the West is progressing steadily
and satisfactorily under the terms of
tho law setting ndde the propel" from
the disposal of p.ub.ic lands. The Corps of
engineers known as tho Heciamn tion
Ker.'ice. which is conducting the surveys
arid examinations, has been thoroughly
organized, especial pains bf'ng taken to
secure under the ci vil-serviee rules a
body of skilled, experienced, and etlicient
men. Surveys and examinations are
progressing throughout the arid states
Mid territories, plans fur reclaiming works
being prepared and passed upon by
hoards of engineers before approval by
the Secretary tf the Interior, in Arizona
liiid Nevada, in localities where such
we.tk is pro-e-mineiilly needed, construc
tion, has already been begun. In other
parts of the arid West various projects
are well advanced toward tlie drawing
up of contracts, these being delayed in
part by necessities of reaching agree
ments er understamlins as rf-gards rights
of way er acquisition of real estate. Most
of the works contemplated for construc
tion are of national importance, involv
ing interstate questions or the securing
of stable, self-supporting communities in
the midst of vast tracts of vacant land.
The Nation as a whole is of course the
gainer by the creation of these homes,
adding as they do to the wealth and sta
bility cf tho country, and furnishing a
home market for the products of the Kant
and South. The reclamation law, while
perhaps not ideal, appears at present to
answer the larger needs for which it is
designed. Further legislation is not rec
ommended until the necessities of change
are more apparent.
Preservation of Forests.
The President points out the neces
sity of taking steps for the preserva
tion of our forests, especially at the
headwaters of streams. Of the cotton
weevil he says:
The cotton-growing States have re
cently been invaded by a weevil that has
done much damage and threatens the
entire cotton industry. 1 suggest to the
Congress the prompt enactment of such
remedial legislation as Its judgment may
approve.
The Philippines and Porto Rico.
Of our insular possessions the Philip
pines and Porto Rico it Is gratifying to
say that their steady progress has been
such as to make it unnecessary to spend
much time in discussing them. Yet the
Congress should ever ke-ep in mind that
a peculiar obligation rests upon us to
further in every way the welfare of these
communities. The Philippines should be
Unit closer to us by tariff arrangements.
It would, of course, be impossible sud
elenly to raise tlie people of the islands to
the high pitch of industrial prosperity
and of governmental c-lficiency to which
they will in the end by degrees attain;
and the caution and moderation shown
in developing them have been among
the. main reasons why this development
has hitherto gone en so smoothly. Scru
pulous care has been taken in the. choice
of governmental agents, and the entire
elimination of partisan politics from tho
public service. The condition of the
islanders Is in material things far better
than ever before, while their govern
mental, intellectual, and moral advance
has kopt pace, with their material ad
vance. No one people ever benefited an
other people mora than we have bene
fited the Filipinos by taking possession
of the islands.
Isthmian Canal.
The causes leading up to the estab
lishment of the new republic of Pan
ama, and its recognition by the
United States are given in much de
tail, as follows:
By the act of June 2. lf02. the Con
gress authorized the President to enter
into treaty with Colombia for the build
ing of the canal across the Isthmus of
Panama: it being provided that in the
event of failure to secure suVh treaty
after the lapse of a reasonable time, re
course should be had to building a canal
through Nicaragua. It has not bof:n
necessary to consider this alternative, as
I am enabled to lay before tho Senate
a treaty providing for the building of the
canal across the Isthmus of Panama.
This was the route which commended
itself to the deliberate judgment of the
Ccrgrsss, and we can now acquire by
treaty the right to construct the canal
over this route. The question now, there
fore, is not by which route the isthmian
canal shall be built, for that question
has been definitely aid irrevocably de
cided. Tho question is simply whither or
not we shall have an isthmian canal.
ii' .1 the Congress directed that we
should take the Panama route under
treaty with Colombia, the essence of the
condition, of course, r ferred not to the
Government which cobtrollcd that route,
but to the route itself: to tlie territory
across which the route lay, not to the
r.amc which for the moment the territory
bore on tlie map. The purpose of the law
was to authorize the President to make
a treaty with the power in actual control
of the Isthmus of Panama. This purpose
ha3 been fulfilled.
In the year 1116 this Government en
tered into a treaty with Aew Granada,
the predecessor upon the Isthmus of
the Republic of Colombia and of the
present Republic of Panama, by which
treaty it was provided that the Govern
ment and citizens of the United States
should always have free and open right
of way or transit across the Isthmus of
Panama by any modes of communication
that might be constructed, while in re
turn our Government guaranteed the
perfect neutrality of the above-mentioned
isthmus with the view that the free tran
sit from the one to the other sea might
not be interrupted or embarrassed. The
treaty vested In the United States a
substantial property right carved out of
the rights of sovereignty and property
which New Granada, then had and pos
sessed over the said territory. The name
of New Granada has passed away and its
territory has been divided. Its successor,
the Government of Colombia, has ceased
to own anv property in the Isthmus. A
nw republle. that of Panama, which was
at one time a sovereign state, and rt
another time a mere department of the
successive confederations known as New
Granada and Colombia, has now suc
ceeded to the rights which first one and
then the other formerly exercised o er
the isthmus. But as long as the isthmus
endures, the mere geographical fact of its
existence, and the peculiar interest there
in which is required by our position,
perpetuate the solemn contract which
binds the holders of the territory to re
spect our right to freedom of transit
across it. and binds us in return to safe
guard for the isthmus and the world tlie
exercise of that inestimable privilege.
Tho true interpretation o" the obliga
tions upon which the t'nited States en
tered in this treaty " IMS has been given
repeatedly in the l Iterances of Presi
dents and Secretaries of State. Secretary
Cass in 1S58 officially stated the position
of this Government as follows:
"The progress of events has rendered
the interoceanic route across the narrow
portion of Central America vastly impor
tant to the commercial world, and espe
cially to the I lilted States, whose pos
sessions extend along tha Atlantic and
Pacific coasts, and demand the speediest
and easiest modes of communication.
While the rights of sc-ereignty or the
statea occuDving this region should al-
ways be respected, we shall expect that
these tights be exercised in 11 spli it be
fitting the occasion and the wants and
circumstance that have arisen. Sover
eignty has its duties ns well as Its light.'!,
and none of thene locnl governments,
even If administered with more regard to
the Just demands of other nation than
they have been, would be permitted, in a
spirit of eastern isedatloti. to clone the
gates of Intercourse on the great high
ways of tlie wot Id. and Justify the net by
the pretension ttiat these avenues of
trade and travel belong to them and that
they choose to shut them. or. what Is
almost equivalent, to encumber them
with audi unjust relations as would pre
vent their general use."
Seven years later. In 1K.".. Mr. Sewerd
in different communications took the fol
lowing position:
"The United Statrs have ta'.rn and
will take no Interest In any cpicstion of
Internal revolution in the State of Pan
ama, or any State of the United States of
Colombia, but will maintain a perfect
neutrality In connection with such do
mestic altercations. The I'nited Slates
will, nevertheless, hold themselves ready
to protect the transit trade across tlie
Isthmus against Invasion eif cither do
mestic or foreign disturbers of the peace
of the State of Panama. Neither
the text nor the spirit of the stipulation
In that article by which the t'nited States
engages to preserve the neutrality of the
Iithtntis of Pr-nauvi. imposes an obliga
tion r.n this Go ri.tr.cut to comply with
the requisition 0f the Prc.-dd.-iit of the
I'nited States of Coloml.ia for a force to
prote-ct the Isthmus of Pai.arp.i from 11
body of Insurgents of that countryl. The
purpose e.f tin- stipulation was to guar
antee the isthmus against seizure or in
vasion by a foreign power only."
Attorney-General Slued, under date ef
Nov. 7. 1S;., advised F crelary Si-waid as
follows :
"From tins treaty It can not lie sup
posed that New Granada invited the
I'nited States to become a party to the
intestine trouble.? of that Government,
nor did the I'nited Slates become bound
to take sides in the domestic broils of
N'.-w Granada. The I'nited Stales did
guarantee Ne-w Granada in the so ere ign
ty and properly over the territory. This
was as against other and foreign govern
ments." For four hundred years, ever since
shortly after the discovery of this hem
isphere, the canal across the isthmus has
been planned. For two score years It
has been worked at. When made It is to
last for the ages. It is to alter the
geography of a e-ontinerit and toe trade
routes of tho world. We have shown by
every treaty we have negotiated or at
tempted to negotiate with tne peoples in
control of the isthmus and with foreign
nations In reference thereto our consis
tent good faith in observing our obliga
tions; on the one hand to the peoples of
the isthmus, and on the other hand to
the civilized world whose commercial
rights we are safeguarding and guaran
teeing by our action. We have done our
duty to others in letter anei in spirit, and
we have shown the utmost forbearance in
exacting our own rights.
I -a st spring, under the act above re
ferred to. a treaty concluded between the
representatives of the Republic of Co
lombia and of our Government was rati
fied by the Senate. This treaty was en
tered into at tho urgent solicitation of
the people of Colombia and after a biwly
of experts appointed by our Government
especially to go into the matter of the
routes across the isthmus had pronounced
unanimously in favor of the Panama
route. In drawing up this treaty every
concession was made '.o the people and
to the Government of Colombia. We- were
more than just In dealing witti them. Our
generosity was such as to make it a se
riems question whether we had not gone
too far In their interest at the expense of
our own; for in our scrupulous ucsire to
pay ail possible heed, ne.t merely to the
real but even to tlie fancied rights of our
weaker neighbor, who already owed so
much to our protection and forbearance,
we yielded in all possible ways to her
desires in drawing up the treaty. Never
theless the Government of Colombia r.ot
merely repudiated th.? treaty, but repu
diated it in such manner- as to make it
evident by the time the Colombian Con
gress adjourned that not the scantiest
hope lemained of ever getting a .satls
factoiy treaty from the-m. Tlie Gove-rji-tnent
of Colombia made tlie treaty, mid
yet when the Colombian Congress was
called to ratify it the vejte against rati
fication was unanimous. It eloe-a not ap
pear that the Government made any real
effort to secure ratification.
Revolution in Panama.
Immediately after the adjournment of
the ('ongress a revolution broke out in
Panama. The people of Panama had
long been discontented with the Republic
of Colombia, and they had been kept ejid.-t
only by the prospect of the conclusion
of the treaty, which was to them a mat
ter ef vital concern. Wh.n it became
evident that the treaty v.as hopelessly
lost, the people of Panama lose literally
as olio man. Not a shot was bred by a
single man on the isthmus in the interest
of the Colombian Government. Not a
life was lost in the accomplishment of
the revolution. The Columbian troops
stationed on the isthmus, who had long
boon unpaid, made common cause with
the people of Panama, and with aston
ishing unanimity the new republic was
started. The duty of tne I'nited States
in the premises was clear. In strict ac
cordance with the principles laid down
by Secretaries Cass and Seward in the of
ficial documents above quoted, the United
States gave notice? that it would permit
the lauding of no expeditionary force,
the arrival of which would mean chaos
and destruction along the line of the rail
le.nd and e.f the proposed canal, and an
interruption of transit as an inevitable
consequence. The do facto Government
of Panama was recognized in the follow
ing telegram to Ji r. Khrman:
"The people of Panama lave, by ap
parently unanimous movement, dissolved
their po'.ilical connection with tlie Re
public of Colombia and resumed their in
dependence. When you are satisfied that
a do facto government, republican in
form and without substantial opposition
from its own people, has been established
in the State of Panama, you will enter
into relations with it as the responsible
government of the territory and look to
it for all due? action to protect the per
sons anl property of citizens of the
United States anil to keep open the
isthmian transit, i'l accordance with the
obligations e.f existing treaties govern
ing the relations of the United States to
that teriitory."
Disturbances on Isthmus Since 1846.
When these events happened, fifty-seven
years had elapsed since the United States
had entered into its treaty with New Gra
nada. During that time the Governments
of New Granada and of its successor.
Colombia, have been in a constant state
of flux.
A long list of the disturbances and
revolutions which have convulsed the
isthmus is given, and the report con
cludes: The above is only a partial list of the
revolutions. rebeilions. insurrections,
riots, and other outbreaks thit have oc
curred during the period in eiuestion; yet
they number Z3 for the 57 years. It will
be noted that one of them lasted for near
ly three years before it was quelled; an
other for nearly a year. In short, the
fxperiencc of over half a century has
siiown Colombia to be utterly incapable
of keeping order on the isthmus. Only
the active interference of the United
States ha? enabled her to preserve so
much ns a semblance of sovereignty. Had
It not been for the exercise by the United
States of the police power in her interest,
her connection with the Isthmus would
have been .sundered long ago. la 1S."S. in
1.;. in 17'5. in lSo. in JH)!. and again in
live, sailors and marlr.es from United
States war ships were forced to land in
order to patrol the isthmus, to protect
life and property, and to see that the
transit across the isthmus was kept
open. In 1S61. in IS'32. in 1SS5. and in
the Colombian Government asked that the
United Stales Government would land
troops to protect its interests and main
tain order on the isthmus, perhaps the
most extraordinary request is that which
has just Been received and which runs
as follows:
"Knowing that revolution has already
commenced In Panama Ian eminent Co
lombian says that If the Government of
the United States will land troops to pre
serve Colombian sovereignty, and the
transit, if requested by Colombian charge
d'affaires, this Government will declare
martial law. and. by virtue of vested con
mtutional authority, when rublic order
I 1 re.Hloied. will nppro.'o by decree tlie
ratification of the canal treaty us nlgried;
or. If the Gov i-r rimeiit of tho United
Stales prefers, will call extra session of
tho emigre -with m-w and friendly
member i"'' May to approve tho
treaty. I An eminent Colombian) has the
perfect confidence of vice-president, ha
fays, and if it became necenhary will go
to the Isthmus or send representative
there to adJiiMt ma t tern along above line
to the satisfaction of t h people there."
This illnpatch Is notiwort liy from two
standpoints. It offer of Immediately
guaranteeing the Unity to u I In eharp
contrast with the poeltlve and contemp
tuous refusal of the Congress which has
Jut closed Its session to consider fa
vorably such a treaty; It nhos thut the
Government which rnude the treaty really
had absolute control over the situation
but did not choose to exercise thin con
trol. The dispatch further .alls on u
to restore order and secure Colombian
supremacy in the isthmus from which the
Colombian Gov ei riment has Jimt by It?,
action decided to bar us by preventing
tlie consti uclloii of the canal.
Importance ot Peace in Isthmus.
The control, in I lie interest of the com
merce and traffic of tin whole civill.ed
world, of tin. means f undisturbed tran
sit across the Isthmus ! Panama ha
become of t ran; c. iiiletit Importance to
the United States. We have r-peatcdly
c ::'.rcii- d ".his control by Intel v cuing in
the coin:-'- or doni..-t!c diss- nr ioii. and
by prot'-ci ii.g the teiiltoiy from foreign
invasion. In M''- Kvcictt assured
the Peruvian minimi! lh.it w e should
not hesitate to m. 1 hit In the neutrality
of the hlhmiis iii the case of war be
tween p-t 11 .Hid Col bia. In IMil Co
lombia, wnich bar: aiwav.-: 1 . .11 vigilant
to avail its. !! or lis pri . ilej-.e.s cr.nl. -r red
by the treaty. . pi- .-. d its expectation
that in the eve.,: r war l.itweeii I'.-ru
and Spain tne 1'i.il-il States would carry
into effect in - )- u.i 1 a nt v .ii 11. -ill 1 a lit y .
There have be-u I'-w a 1 1 a i 11 i: 1 1 a t Ions f
t hi; Slat" I :.pa i 1 ti.'-ii ! in which this
treaty lias not. ilher- by the one side
or the other, b. ea 11 .1 as a basis of
more or bss Important demand.:. It was
said by Mr. Fish in 171 Unit the l-part-meiit
of Slat.- had lea. 0:1 to believe that
an attack upon Colombian sovereignty
oil the isthmus had. on several occa
sions, been averted by warning from this
Government. In lv':. when Colombia was
under th'j menace oi liotilltcs from
Italy ir. th" Cerruli ci:.-e. Mr. Payard ex
presses! the serious concern that tlie
United States could rait but led. that a
Kuropeari power shonld resort to force
against a sister republic of this hemis
phere, as to the mov reign and uninter
rupted use of a part of whose territory
we are guarantors under the tolriiui faith
of a treaty.
Tlie above recital of facts establishes
beyond quest Ion: First, that tho United
States has for over half a century pa
tiently anel in good faith carried out Its
obligations under- the treuty of lt4C; sec
ond, that when for the first time it be
came possible for Colombia to do any
thing in requital of the services thus re
peatedly rendered to it for fifty-seven
years by the Unit'-d States, tlie Colombian
Government peremptorily and offensively
rctusesi thus to do its part, even though
to do so would have b en to its advan
tage and Immeasurably to the advantage
of the Stale- of Pariarna. Jit that time
under its jurisdiction: third. that
througheiut tliis period revolutions, riots,
and factional disturbances of every kind
have occurred one nft.r the other in al
most nnintei 1 upted succession, some of
th.-rn lasting for months and even for
years', while the central government was
unable to put the-m down or te make
peace, with tlie rebels: fouith. that these
distui bances instead e.f showing any sign
of abating have (ended to grow more nu
merous and more serious in the imme
diate past; l,fth. that the control of Co
lombia over the lsihnius of Panama could
not be maintained without the arr:i.-d in
tervention and assistance of the United
States. In other wolds, the Jov eminent
of Colombia, though wholly unable to
maintain order on the isthmus, ha.i ney
ei th. I'-ss declined to ratify a treaty tlie
conclusion of which opened the only
chance to secure its own stability and to
guaiautee fierina tn-nt peace on. and the
conat ruction of a canal an ui:;, tlie isth
mus. Under such circumstances tlie Govern
ment e.f the United States would have
been guilty of folly and weakness,
amounting in tin ir sum to a crime
against the nation, had it acted otherwi.su
than It did when the revolution of Nov. "
last took place in Panama. This great
enterpl i'-e of building the Interoceanic
canal can not be held up to gratify the
whims, or out of respect to the govern
mental impotence, or- to the even more
sinister and evil political peculiarities, of
people who. though they dwell afar !T.
yet. against the wish of the actual dwel
lers on tlx- isthmus, assert an unreal
sup) eni::c y over tin- territory. Tho pos
session of a ler ril a: y fraught with sueli
peculiar eapa.-iti. :; as the isthmus in
question c-arriis with it obligations to
mankind. Too eo.n-o of events has
shown that this canal can not tie built
by private . nte-r pi i-c. or by any otli' r na
tion than our own: therefore It must be
built by the Unit, d States.
Treaty With Republic of Panama.
Kvery effort has been made by the Gov
ernment of the United Stales to persuade
Colombia to follow a (nurse which was
essentially not only to our interests and
to the interests of the woi Id, but to the
interests of Colombia itself. These ef
forts have failed; and Colombia, by her
persistence i:i repulsing the advances that
liav" bee-n mail'-, has forced us. for the
sake of our own honor, and of the Inter
est and well-being, not merely of our own
people, but of tl:- peeiph- of tne Isthmus
of Panama and the people of the civilized
countries of the world, to take decisive
steps to brirtif to a:i nd a condition of
affairs which h.'.d boome intolerable.
Tii; new K.-pubiic of Panama, immediate
ly olTered to negotiate a treaty with us.
This treaty I herewith submit. Uy ft our
interests are better safeguarded than In
the treaty with Colombia which was rati
fied by the S.-nate r. t Its last session. It Is
better in its terms than the treaties of
fered to us by tlie Kepiibli'-s of Nieara
gua and Costa Pica. At last the right
to begin this great undertaking is made
available. Parama has done her part.
All that 1 "mains is for the American Con
gress te do its part and forthwith tills
Republic will enter upon the execution
of a piojeet colossal in its size and of
well-nig.- incalculable possibilities feir the
good of this, country ar.d the nations of
manklr.d.
Provisions of Treaty.
By the provisions of the treaty the
United States guarantees and will main
tain the independence of the Republic of
Panama. Theie i fetanfed to the United
States in perpetuity the use. occupation,
anil control of a strip ten miles wide and
extending three r.autleal miles into the
s-a at either tetmiral. with all lands ly
ing outside of the zone necessary for th
construction e.f the canal or for its aux
iliary works, and with the islands in the
Pay of Panama. The eiti'-s of Panama
and Colon are not embraced in the canal
zone, but the United Stat assumes
their sanitation and. In case of need, the
malnt nance e.f r-reier the rein; the United
States enjoys within the granted limits
all the rights, power, and authority which
it would posse-ss were it the sovere'gn of
the territory to the exclusion of the ex
ercise ef sovereign rights by the Republic.
All railway firal .-ar.al piopertv rights be
longing to Panama and ne-edeei for the
canal pass to the Ur-.ited States, includ
ing any piopertv of ti.e respective com
panies in the cities of Panama and Co
lon: the worv.s. property, jrnd personnel
cf the e-jnhl ui.il railwajs are exempted
fiom taxation a- !! 1:1 the- cities of
Panama and Colon as in ti.e canal zone
and its deper.dencje s. Free immigration
of the person:. el and importation of sup
plies for the construction aral operation
of the eai.al are granted. Provision is
made for the use of military force and
the building of fortifications by the Unit
ed States for the protection of the tran
sit. In other details, particularly as to
the acquisitiein of the interests of the
New- Panama '"ar.al company and the
Panama railway by the United States and
the condemnation of private property for
the uses of the canal, the stipulations of
the IIay-Hrran treaty are closely fol
lowed, while the compensation to be
given for these enlarged grants remains
the same, being ten millions of dollars
payable on exchange of ratifications; and.
beginning nine years from that date, an
annual payment of J"00.000 during the
life of the convention.
THEODORE ROOSE.'IiT.
White House, Dec. 7, 1903.
"Fossil Wonders of the West."
Tho rentnty will publl-.b l "
rear future h nolle of ptipefM on
"FomhII Wonder of Mi" Wh."
Henry FiilruVld (inborn. la 'nttt pro
fessor of zo dory In Columbia iinlvci
hlty. .al.MiitloglMi f 'In- I'iiII''!
Slate ge..higl 11I Hiirvey, and curuior
of paleontology In tho American M'
itiMiui of Natural lllntory. Tin artl
cl- will treat of recent dlHcovcrle-
and advances In our knowledge of th
ancient history of America, ls'l
the eiplomtlon and rich find of th
American museum In the far west, al
It In promised that I ho fuctH present
ed will ho In the naltir! of a t vela
lion to the Hclenllflc world.
The Best Results In Starching
cut) be ..blalu.-d only bv Using I lefta lie"
Starch, besides getting m mote for
sami! money no cooking inquired.
Monument as a Target.
They are having a nice time near
Miii'im. G.i.. when h well l'i do fiiini
er recently had 11 law and ex p' li .U
iimniiiiienl to him:; If Met up In a c.-m
etery. The pinole of his town r.oi
Hiptr.v at nu Ii an action and l'tu
biinleil the iiiiiililo hhalt Willi re
vnlvrlH. The latllHT then nil. -toil $''
1 ward lor I In conviction of any one
vvh.i had 11 haul In the llsli:-.ui .tiniit
! his Till ti ii iii-ti I . Tho people w.tit
him one better by hutiiini; hi:n In
etllny and i.n'. iing 51,ioo 10 any one
who could find out who I hey wen-.
ir von irtsi: it a 1.;, itui:.
net Red t 'toss Hull liluo, tho le..t. Rail Rlu.
I,u!"o J o.. p:ic!.!iio only .' cent.
A Race Suicide.
Turl-.ey has a race huichlo (ueslioti,
despite the provisions which the Pin
ih"t Mahomet made ii;aiiiHt th.it 011
tiiiKeiuy. Fifty yearn tigo tin- ml"
among Turks was to many and l
csojiiise .several wivoM, titnl as a rulo
families were cuireHpondingly huge.
Now all thut Ih changed. Marriage
are late, and in the enormouH ma
jority of cases ate monogamous, while
families are becoming Kinall to a d
gre' w hich has alarmed I he novel ii
uient. The sultan has recently pro
mitigated an Irade on the subject,
ahollshinK much of the expensive din
play connected with Turltlnh mar
riagen. and condemning present lend
endes as throatenlnn to depopulate tho
empire.
Leslie's Popular Monthly for Decem
ber, There are twenty-two items on the
contents page of Ihe December !.
lie's, including, ten slorlon, eight pai'.ei
of most attractive color work and a
numher of excellent article, anionic
which "The Degradation of Wall
SI reel" .stands pie eminent. Th
Christmas Jlavor is delightfully sup
plied hy a little story fulled ,''htisi
mas Memories." wilh lllusi rat ion 4 in
color hy II. Henson Knipe; by u stril.
inn series of animal drawing.-;, also 111
color, hy Charles l.ivlnnstoii Mull,
called "The Wild I leasts' ChiMmas
Dinner." and hy the Chrh.tmas Iciiv
ilics of "A Few Ui ul P.oy.s."
Defiance Starch
rhonld be ill . Vol V holl'i leiM.
good. Ii.--id.-s I 0. more lor l' ' ' ' 1"
any oth.-r brand of old a . 1 ' r .ii ' !,
Navy h.res Expert Roach Killer.
The Amciican liiivv ha. engaged
hie services of an expirt coclii-.ia'li
killer, who will attempt to eradicate
lhe.se insects from J' II til" Vessels In
the navy in Atlantic waters, as well
as in the various buildings at th" At
lantic coast navy yards. This man
has been Pt work on some o. the ves
seis of the North Atlantic squadron
with exce.ient. rest 1. is. lie received
$P)i a ship, but it is understood that
special arrangement has been made
with him by the navy department, tin
der the terms of which he will ! -eivt
in the future only $r,(t ;i ship.
SteiJiM tlie 'olll lill-l
Works OfT (lie Cl.i
Lazzttive Rrorno C, u initio Tubb-it. J't'-eViV.
He is Against "Materialism "
Itov. Dr. David ('. Downey, of Crook
lyn, is leading the New York onfer-ene-e
of the Mil hod ist Kui -t opal
church in a fight a.'iin.-.t tic proio-,"l
consolidation of the Methodist Hook
Concerns in this country. Th" plan
contemplates .'1 combine of t!i" sev
eral 'publishing houses, th" capital
stock to be from $ I .".bo'.b'. to ll'.
OhO.OOO, and the establishment to b"
located at semie point in the middle
wost. Dr. Downey thinks this savors
too much ol 1 rust tne' hod. . and evi
ijences that the interest's of tli" li'M'cIi
are hecominj; mote mutoiia! than spir
itual. He deflates th;if anaiti.' this
loin? of m'tteriali.sm I v.i.-.h to "titer
an e-inphatif protest."
Chamberlain ar. Orchid Fan-ier.
Joseph Chamberlain, the ;it 011.1:1 .
whos" sudden resignation .'rom tie
Pritish cabinet has au.-i-d sm h a sen
station, is perhaps th" most, enthusi
ast ie- orchid collector in tio- world.
It is not believed thai his cv'":r-ivi'
collection Is equaled any wher.- on
earth. About o.-'hO different varieties
exist, anel Mr. Chamberlain has repr"
Rentatives of more than half. Mr.
fJoscheu used to declar that Cham
berlaln's course was imt one to rouse
public confidence' in his Judgment or
sincerity. "Were Joseph Chamber
lain first lord of the admiralty." said
Mr. GfHchen on one occasion. "I
should expect to read In the Times
Home morning that he had sailed away
with the whole channel squadron for
an unknown destination, and would
probably be never heard from aain."
Brlglvt's Disease Cured.
Whitehall, 111.. Dec. 7. A oas has
been recorded in thin place? recntly,
which upsets the th-ory of many phy
sicians that Hritfht'H Disease In incur
able. It & the case of Mr. I.on Manley.
whom the doctors told that he c-ould
never recover. Mr. Manley t"l! the
story of his case and how he wa-t
cured in this way:
"I began using Dodd'8 Ki Jney PilN
after the doctor had given me up.
For four or five ye-ars I had Kidney,
Stomach and Liver Troubles; I was a
?cner'-.l wreck and at t!men I would
r.(-t down with my back so bad that I
e-ould not turn inyaeir in bed for thr-
or four days at a time.
"I had several dectrs and at last,
they told me I had Bright' Disease,
and that I could never get well. I
commenced to use IJodd's Kidney Pills
.nd I am now able to do all my work
and am all right. I raot heartily
recommend Dodd's Kidney Pills and
am very thankful for the cure they
worked in my ca?e. They saved my
life after the doctors had given m
up."
You cannot pray to your Father
while you are figuring on preying on
j-our brother.
Happiness is never picked up on
I the banji-ln counter.