a
m2
fe fey
MTTMC more than 10 years ago Clif
ford I'inctiot look charge of the gov
eminent forest work. t'p to then the
duties or tin- division of forestry lay
mainly in compiling forest data and
statistics, its usefulness was tiecossn
rity narrow, and its discontinuance In
contemplation. The work employed 10
persons, of whom two were profes
sional foresters.
The forest sen ice
now iidmiiiisters the
national forests,
whose aggregate area
'ltX
hi
1h ntioi't tlio snine us Texas and Ohio
blncd, nnd whose money value Is
than twite that of the total
equipment of the army and
navy. It furnishes tlio chief
source of Information nnd as
sistance to private, forest own
ors and users, who wish to
practice forestry. Its force
numbers about 0,000, of whom
2."i0 are professional foresters.
This great machine is ad
ministered under a policy
which has the approval and
the co-operation of the Ameri
can people. It is not an Im
practical policy constructed
by theorists - by those who
noinetiinos hit the bystander
Instead of the bullseye, be
cause they have not learned
the use of the gun with which
they shoot. Nor Is it a for
oli'.n policy, expected to meet
conditions under which it was
not constructed. The policy
of the forest service makes no
fetish of the foiVid. It lilies
no destine! ive upheaval in
economic covditions. But
when the line is plain be-
VIVA
k Aim
13
a
i'Si'
x:
vzttj&zzn E
COJYSERVA 77 YE. CUTTING MA TOffAL FOAEST
5s;
V
m
It Is worse than the axe
In careless hands, for the
lire consumes everything;,
young trees and old, and
the forest soil as well.
Waste nothing. These are
the principles under
which logging is done In
the national forests. The
result Is to make of them
a factory as well as a
storehouse of wood.
But the usefulness of
the national forests does
not end with producing
timber and grass. Their
still larger value to the
nation Is In conserving
stream flow. These moun
tain forests are to the
streams of the west what
the storage battery Is to
the wire the source of
energy in reserve. With-
IIW III ' ' if' -
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t w
$ -"x
( I
-
i 4
1 f.
III
I
t --'4 ' 1'
. -S' '.
1 1
n,.
RMNGTfi PUTTNG OUT FOREST
GAOIVD FIRE WITH WET CADDIE BLANKET
A FOPEST RAJSGER MOVIffG CAMP
leasing of power sites without passage of title
to the user, through a charge for the occu
pancy and use of these sites and through rigid
provisions against combination and monopoly,
the forest service Is effectively safeguarding,
within national forests, the Interests of tho
American people, whose property these water
powers are. Herein lies the greatest public
service which the foreBt service Is reuderlng.
The standing timber In the national forests,
which Is alone sufficient If It were cut clean
to meet all the needs of the nation for 10
years, is of less value than the sites for the
development of water power, whose useful
ness these forests conserve. The complete
destruction of this timber by fire would be far
less grave than for the power sites within na
tional forests to pass Into unregulated corpo
rate ownership or control.
The power of the immediate future is wa
ter power. Tho trust of the immediate future
Is the power trust, if nation, state and citizen
fail to do their utmost. In some regions this
trust is already lirmly intrenched. In others
it is in the mak
ing. In every
region it is
s p r e a it t n g.
s t r cngthening,
acquiring, where
men need pow
er to work for
them and water
runs down hill.
To say there
are no combina
tions to control
water powers is
to be of them,
or to be misin
formed. In addition to
their resources
of water, wood
and grass, the
national forests
serve a host of
minor uses of
great impor
tance to the
settlers who
live in and near
them and to the
development of
the communi
ties In which
they lie. A to
tal of about 10,
000 permits for
these minor
uses have been
granted, involv
ing the occu
pancy of nation
al forest land
or the use of
I
'Sy-V'.J
s
i
IV
tween the use of tho national forests or any
of their resources, for tho permanent benefit
of many, or for the temporary benefit of a
few, the forest service encourages use by the
many and prevents Its monopoly by the few.
There are two planks in the platform of
the forest service. They are these:
To Insure through public ownership nnd
administration the fullest permanent use of
those forests which are essential to the public
welfare.
To teach American citizens how to make
the beBt use of forests in private hands and
of their product, by finding out and telling
hem how.
Tho 194,500.000 acres of national forests
htand for the first plank. They conserve most
of the water nnd one-third of the timber of
the west. This national heritage, whose
measurable material resources are worth more
than two billions of dollars, is being adminis
tered by the forest service In the best perma
nent interest of all the people. At an average
cost for protection of about one-fifth of a cent
per acre, the damage by lire on national for
ests for tho last three years lias been, per mil
lion acres, about three per cent, of that on
private forest, lands. In these three years the
uso of the national forests by the people has
more than doubled. In 1!0S, so great were the
demands of the people's business, that an
average of only about one-fifth of the time of
the forest rangers could be given to fire pa
trol. This was the equivalent of all tho time
of one man for tho patrol of 580,000 ncres, an
area half the size of the state of Uelaware.
From Arizona to the Canadian border and
from California to Minnesota and Arkansas,
the forest rangers have done their duty. This
has meant unrelenting effort, usually under
frontier conditions. There Is no more exact
ing work than fire patrol; and, short of war,
nothing makes greater claims than fire fight
ing upon personal courage, fiber and devotion.
The forest rangers are the backbone of the
service. Were it not for them, tho national
forests would soon be forests no longer. And
at each of these public servants comes to lay
down his tools for younger hands to pick up.
be will leave behind him, In the vigorous, un
seated forests of his district, a valuable heri
tage to the community and the honorable record
of a trust fulfilled.
The protection of the national forests from
fire is incidental only to the development of
their fullest permanent use. This use is limited
only so far as is needed to insure the perma
nence of the forest and to keep It in satisfac
tory condition. Last year 1,500,000 cattle and
horses and 7,500,000 sheep and goats grazed
within national forests, or 12 and 21 per cent.,
respectively, of the range stock of the west.
Nearly 400,000,000 feet of mature timber was
sold and cut, or enough to build 25,000 ordinary
frame houses. Mure than 130,000.000 feet more
was given nwny to settlers for firewood and
other home uses. All this timber was cut and
logged conservatively, to the improvement of
the condition of the forest. Under such man
agement a forest produces wood forever.
For a man can handle his forest In three
different ways, just as he can handle money
in three different ways, and the same Is true
of a nation. He can destroy his forest by
wasteful logging and the tiro which follows it.
Just as ho can squander money until It Is nil
gone. He enn protect his forest adequately
from fire or other Injury, but fall to harvest
Its crop. Just ns he can lock up money In a
nfc and let It lie there protected from loss,
but unproductive and useless. Or he can
handle his forest rightly ami profit by the
Interest without Impairing the capital, like the
man who Invests money Bafely and well.
There la nothing Intricate about the prin
ciples or the practice of forestry. It has Its
own cureful, skilled methods based on study
comparatively recent In this country, but
which In other countries began hundreds of
years ago. To describe these methods would
fill many pages and it takes trained men to
apply them. Dut in the last analysis forestry
Is common sense, scientifically applied. Cut
the mature trees, but do not cut them until
they have shed seed enough to start young
trees to make another forest. Remember al
ways that the sapling will make a valuable
tree some day If It is not Injured, just as a
boy will make a wage earner If he has his
chance. Keep Are out of the forest, because
V-j.-.w "N-
L tl'J il VteL fiJth
I & sr 4$" An
x -x. 's v 4ii IMVi. xf
I
THE FOREST AUQ TJ SOIL C0H4UMED BY FIRE
out forests to check the run offs, streams fluc
tuate or even go dry for part of the year; but
those streams which rise In well forested wa
tersheds maintain a comparatively even flow.
Tho reclamation service, when Its task is
finished, will have turned 50,000,000 acres of
desert Into fertile farm land, dotted with
homes. Under Its director, Frederick Haynes
Newell, whose achievement Is natlonnl and
enduring, this work, unparalleled In scope, Is
going successfully forward. The story of what
has been done by the men of the reclamation
service, in the face of engineering dig nities
historic In their magnitude, has yet to be ade
quately written. But for the permanent suc
cess of Its work, the reclamation service must
depend not merely upon its reservoirs and
dams, but upon the thoroughness with which
the forest service does its duty. The preser
vation of the national forests is vital to the
fulfillment of the national irrigation policy.
In the conservation of water used for the
development of power through electricity, as
well as for irrigation, lies another great func
tion of the national forests, whose Importance
Is only beginning to be generally realized. In
the regulation of the development of this
power within national forests, through the
other resources, of which more than half were
without chnrge.
This vast nnd increasing business Is han
dled by the officers of the forest service, who
are the servants of the people, in the Interest
first of all of the small man. The timber and
the grass the national forests produce cost a
fair price to tho lumberman and the stockman.
The forest service Is not charged with the
regulation of corporations. But It Is charged
with the right care of a vast public property.
It sees to It that the yield from this property,
the water, the wood and the grass, goes first
to those who need It most to the home build
ers. For every permit granted to a man to
graze 1,000 head of stock or more, the forest
service has granted 10 permits to small own
ers to graze their little bunches of sheep and
cattle. For every large sale of timber, It has
made 20 small sales to feed the little sawmills
upon which the frontier communities depend.
The national forests are to the west what
roal Is to the engine. The forest service is
the stoker. There is coal enough In the
bunkers to keep a full head of steam through
out the run, If It Is not wasted. If It be wasted,
the engine will soon slow down for lack of
fuel.
Time
'our D Nfsbit.
Hall Rues luzy Kpli'm Jones,
(ioiicl-foli-iuitlln hag a' bones!
iut lils Huh" polo in his bun',
!it his halt In dut olo can
Huh! lies look nt Kpli'm's liatS
Kvuh soo dn beat o' dut?
It's de on'y oni! ho owns
Lazy, loatin, Kpli'm Jones!
Why'n't ho wuk Ink folks lak me?
Why'n't ho let dom Ashes bo?
"VVIuit he a'poxn bo comln' to?
Ain't ho niiilln eluo to do?
1-ook at lilm, des slouchln' 'Ion
ilunmiln' Homo old soht o' son?
I.awd! I'so not ter dl en scratch
In dla hyuh olo 'later patch!
Huh! I rockon he's or gwino
Sonie'ro wld dut polo en lino
'Wiiy erpast do bruk-down mill
Wliuh do crick sis 'roiin' de liill,
Hen he'll set down in do sliudo
Hat de willor treos is made
I.uzy, shlf'lcss li:i! o' bones,
Oood-foh-nullin Kph'm Jones!
T-nwil! It's hot hynh In do sun!
Wish dis 'later patch 'uz done.
Ki'ckon :pli'iii he'll des lay
In do shade dah all (lis day,
Th'owln' In en ptillln' out
r.cil-cvs, Ikiss, en niebho trout!
lien he'll mm,! pr-sloin hln' homo
tirinnin' l;ik i-r ciirryeomli!
I.nwd! Iis sun ts hot. My Ian"!
I 'is is mo' don I ln Hlnn'.
Mali pies Kph'm thoo do wood -I'm-ni!
I lut d.it shade feel good!
'Tiiin't no use. Xohedy owns
Me ihin doy do l"ih-iii Jones!
'Tat' r patch. I'll li t you' hi
Kph'in. Kph'tn! Walt toll in.-:
x- rrxi
V"- ''"if . '&
Some Figures on Cheese.
"I see," said the man with the high
forehead and the stub pencil, "that
Mr. Rockefeller Is again urging cheese
as a staple article of food."
"I reckon he will spring the Stand
ard Cheese Company next," growled
the man with the incandescent whisk
ers. "Hut. thinking about cheese," said
the other man, tapping his stub pencil
upon a sheet of paper covered with
figures, "I find that for $9,210,000 one
could buy 2!12,400,000 pounds of cheese
at ten cents a pound."
"Who wants to buy that much
cheese?" Inquired the man with the
Incandescent whiskers.
"Nobody. It Is inertly Interesting,
that Is all. And that quantity of
cheese, in cheeses of 25 pounds each,
would mean 73,100.000 cheeses."
"What kind? Camembert, Roque
fort, limburger or what?"
"The the what kind. The ordinary
cream cheese. Of course, In lim
burger, It would be"
"It would be fierce."
"Perhaps. But, now, you take 73,
100,000 cheeses and set them one on
top of the other and they will make
a tower 13,814 miles high. Laid
flat, side by side, they would make a
line 27,089 miles long long enough to
go around the world and have 2,689
miles to spare. In other words, to
make a parallel line of cheeses across
the United States. Pared In Inch
strips, the rind of all those cheeses
would make a strip long enough to
reach half way to the moon, and"
"And If an Inch cube of thnt cheese
was put on every piece of apple plo
eaten In the world It would supply the
pic dishes of all the earth until Sep
tember 2, 1997," suggested the man
with the Incandescent whiskers.
"Made Into welsh rabbits It would pro
vide enough to All the Pacific ocean
ind the Desert of Sahara."
"It goes to show what $29,2 10,000
will purchase," remarked the man
with the pencil.
"Huh!" growled the other man. "It
?oes to show how much figuring you
ran do without any money."
How He Felt.
After having been made D D
LL. D n. A.. M. A., Ph. D. and about
hundred more things like that by
illfferent colleges, the great man be
comes a thirty-third degree Mason
"How do you feel?" asks a friend
"Feel? Now I feel like a human
thermometer," he says, first looking
about to see that the reporters will
jverhear the remark.
Enhances Her Chances.
There is a youn lady In Kan
Who always Is seen at tho das
When asked why, bIhs'U any; ''
"t munt marry gome duy,
Bo I never muat mlaa any chua."
