Tlhiree Mew Dg5(p
BEST METHODS OF
AIR LINE ROUTE BtTWEN
DEHORNING CATTLE
Clean, Sharp Meat Saw nnd Strong Hope the Only Equipment
Needed By Kich.ird W. Htckmnn. V. M. I).. Chief
of Quarantine Division.
The walking costume Illustrated la both useful and Bimirt. Tim skirt is
quite plain, and is cut a comfortable walking length. A great advantage in
the coat is that it 13 high in the neck, nnd fastens over at the left Hide in a
point; nine small buttons put closely together form the fastening. The en
tire coat is tight-fitting, a fur necklet adds a finish. Hat of soft fol:, trimmed
with velvet and quills. Materials required: 8 yards cloth 4S Inclu-.-i wide, 19
buttons, G yards coat lining.
The simple but effective blouse Is composed of lace and spotter: net. For
the yoko and collar, the net Is tucked horizontally, nnd Is edged with lace
medallions, which are also taken In rows down the front of blouse; then net
is finely tucked in between them. Three frills of lace form the sleeves. Ma
terials required: 114 yard net 42 inches wide, 2 yards of medallions, 6 yards
of lace for Bleeves.
The next shows a useful indoor-dress that would look well mide up In
royal blue cashmere; the skirt is tlght-lltting round the hips, and just full
enough at the foot to hang gracefully. A row of passementerie lorms the
trimming. The over-bodice is silt up at each side of back anrf front, also on
the sleeve; passementerie completely eclges It and coveted buttons add to
the trimming. Guipure lace forms the yoke and tight sleeves of under-slips.
Materials required: 7 yards cashmere 40 Inches wide, iy2 yards lace, 2 dozen
buttons, 9 yards passementerie.
IDEA FOR SHORT CURTAIN3.
decorative Scheme That Is Proving
Helpful to a Degree.
There Is a fashion in decoration that
should be helpful to the woman who
must fit short curtains to new win
dows. This is the idea of having deep dec
orative borders on fabrics of solid
color.
Separate borders can be bought at
the large Bhops with surprising ease
by the woman who knows how to root
out tho artistic thing. They do not
come for curtains as a rule, but they
serve admirably.
The foundation color Is usually deep
tinted, although some good patterns
can be got with the foundation in
natural crash tones.
The color note is intended, of
course, to harmonize with the room In
which It is placed.
The border may be fastened on by
a double row of stitching close to
gether, over which are big stitches
with coarse thread of the foundation
color, sewed as liagdad strips are
sewed.
Some people omit the stltchln
using only this coarse sew ing.
NEW HEAD DRESSING.
SEPARATE TUNIC A BLESSING.
Can Be Used to Advantage in Altering
Old-Fashioned Frock.
Clever- women have found out that
a separate tunic made of another ma
terial than the gown nnd draped over
it Is an excellent method of altering
an old-fashioned frock.
There are some skirts that are too
short to he lifted up even for two
Inches on the bodice to give the em
pire effect, and they nre too much out
of style to wear as they are.
If the skirt and bodice are put to
getner uy tiielr linings and two or
three folds of self-colored material
neatly draped around the waist line in
order to .make It invisible the founda
lion work Is finished.
The tunic may be made of net,
cnnion ciotn, minds or net and em-
broidered salln or all-over lace edged
with fur or gold galloons.
This is cut with a seam down the
middle of the back and neatly draped
three inches above the waist line
neaued wnn loins or tne material or
a piece of tho trimming used clcs-where.
This tunic drops from bust to knees
and gives the exact line that It needs
tills winter on smart frocks.
Simple Greek Coiffure of Paste, Mount
ed on Silver.
Cross Bar Muslins Again In Favor.
There Is considerable rejoicing that
the dainty cross bar muslins nre being
used more and nioro for milady's lin
gerie. Tho heavy thread In the weave
lengthens tho llfo of the garments
wonderfully.
Garments made of this outwear
thoBe made of nainsook or other plain
sheer material.
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Dehorning with Saw, Cow's Head Snubbed to Stanchion Rail.
The dehorning of pnttly developed
nnd adult cattle can be very satisfac
torily performed without other appa
ratus or instruments than a good
strong clothesline and a clean, sliarp
meat saw or a ntlter saw with a rigid
back in the hands of a fairly good
mechanic. The same simple means
for controlling the animal is just as
applicable when the dehorning knife
is to be used as when the horns are to
be removed with the saw. This con
sists In securing the head of the
animal to the horizontal rail or
strlngpleco which holds the upper
Turban Notes. ;
Tho round-crowned turban In straw
Is a distinct favorite for early spring
Satin trimming shirred over cords Is
a favored decoration on the newest
turban.
The all-flower model lends itself
most successfully to the large turban
shape.
A flat-crowned turban In rough
black straw of unusual height Is bound
round with a narrow black velvet
ending In one huge rosette.
The narrow stiff quill In pairs dl
vldes honors with the tight bunch of
small roses as a middle front decora
Hon for the straw turban.
bninll turbans tltting very low on
the head are draped with black lace
veils.
Initialed Lingerie.
An embroiderer gives this rule for
working Initials on lingerie: Never
use anything on cotton for embroidery
but cotton.
If the material Is linen take care to
use linen thread.
Pest results are obtained If, when
padding is necessary, the same thread
Is used for this part of the work as for
the embroidery proper.
Colored Embroidery on Towels.
There Is a strong revival of colored
embroidery on linen toweling. Dull
blue, soft browns, pink nnd faded
green Initials are now seen on hand
some towels. These letters are worked
In the middle of the end of the towel
an 1 1 can easily be done at home by
even the belnner In cirbroldery.
Marking One's Belongings.
The fad of the day Is to have all of
one's belongings marked. The fastldl
oils housekeeper translates this to
mean that everything, from wash
cloths to umbrellas, one young bride
even going so far as to have her In
Itlnls neatly worked upon her dish
towels. It Is nice to have a special
monogram designed for one If pos
slide, which may be adapted to all the
different articles nnd styles of mark
lug required. It can be used In dlf
ferent sizes, carried out In hand em
broidery In white tnercerlzed cotton,
and used at pleasure for table nnd
household linen, lingerie, parasols,
gloves, stockings, table covers and
bureau scarfs.
b
Horns Showing (a) Proper and (b)
Improper Cutting.
ends of the stanchion boards. The ani
mal Is put in the stanchion in the
usual manner; then one end of a
heavy clothesline Is passed around the
upper part of the neck and tied In u
knot that will not slip, otherwise It
will choke the animal. The free end
of the rope Is now carried between
the horns, through the stanchion to
the front, up and over the horizontal
stanchion rail, then down underneath
the neck and up and over the top of
the stanchion rail to an asistant, who
should hold It firmly. Now release the
statical in, allowing the animal to
withdraw Its head, so that the bonis
are just inside of the stanchion rail or
stringpieee; thru, keeping the rope
tight, pass it once around the muzzle,
up and over the stanchion rail, and
through to Hie front again to the
hands of the assistant, who should
stand three or four feet in front of the
animal and hold the rope firmly, but
prepared to release It when told to
do so by the operator.. The animal is
now ready for the dehorning opera
tion. It is necessary that the rope be hold
by an assistant, as in the event of the
animal struggling during the opera
tion so as to throw Itself off its feci,
or if there appears to bo danger of
its choking, the rope may be slack
ened promptly at the word of the
operator and the nnlmal partly re
leased. This, however, is rarely nec
essary, for as soon as the head is se
cured the operator should be ready,
standing at the right shoulder of the
pint as well as the upper part of the
animal's head, the turn of the ropt
around the muzzle may be omitted
and t lie last lap of the rope carried
around i In stanchion rail to tin' front
ami to the hands of w uslstant. Tlx
rope should pass each, time over the
mil, ut' the ii ii i in a 1 to the stanchion
rail so that the laps are between the
herns, in order that the rope may not
interfile whli the work of the saw.
There are men in what are known
as Hie inilli districts adjacent to large
cities, where large numbers of dairy
cows abound, who go about from farm
to farm dehorning animals In Ibis
manner, charging for their services In
some instances as little as live cents
per horn or ten cents per animal.
It Is not usual to apply any prep
aration after Hie operation of dehorn
ing to prevent bleeding, ns the loss of
blood is not sulllcient, ns a rule, to
be of consequence. Care should be
taken, however, to prevent substances
from getting Into the openings left
after the horns are removed. The
horn cores are elongations of the
frontal bones of the skull, and are hol
low. They communicate with the
frontal sinuses, or air spaces, of the
Head; therefore foreign substances
whii'h would act as an Irritant in
these cavities are apt to set up an in
flammation, resulting In the formation
of pus or an abscess, which may prove
quite serious. Fragments of horn de
tached In the process of dehorning
would serve as such Irritant and by
Embroidery In General.
Some very exquisite centerpieces
are being made In a combination of
stitches. The use of coronation braid
Intermingled with solid embroidery
and French knots Is rich In effect . One
edge, shows a row of heavy stem stitch
Just Inside of the buttonholed finish,
andother buttonholed edge Is finished
in long uneven scallops with a second
row exactly like it a half Inch fur
ther In.
White Suede Gloves.
While suede Is the favorite evening
glove
1
I lJ
Head of Steer Showing Bad Appear
ance Caused by Improper Dehorn-
their presence in Ihr se cavities cause
Inllammailon. This trouble, though
Is of infrequent occurrence, but
would appear more liable to happen
when the dehorning instruments nre
used, on account of their tendency to
crush, especially in the case of old
animals, whereas the saw cuts clean.
If proper care Is taken, however, such
an occurrence following dehorning
may In almost every Instance bo
avoided.
Occasionally animals after being de
horned and turned out of the stable
will rub their heads against a dirt or
gravel bank or the rough bt,rk of a
tree, and foreign material may thus
got into the cavities, though usually
the soreness of I he parts Is sulllcient
to prevent this.
If the animals are dehorned when
files are about, It Is well to apply some
pine tar with a view to keeping files
from the wounds. Some operators do
this In nearly all cases, thinking that
it facilitates healing. The dehorning
opei at ion should ulways, when possi
ble, be performed in cool weather, ami
upon animals which have at least at
tained thi' age of two years.
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of Ih's galaxy of moneyed men
are willing to take a substantial
in
PROPELLF.RS OK "HEUCOPTCRi'
who
risk
Ashes Have Value. Some people
toll us to burn all the refuse left In
the garden. This Is all right provided
you keep the ashes upon the soil. Do
not let them blow away after tin; bonfire.
Head of Steer Showing Result
Propor Dehorning.
of
animal with his saw, and proceed to
saw off first the right and then the left
horn. The horns should be severed
at a point from a quarter to a lmlMnt !i
below where the skill Joins tin base
of the horn, culling from the buck
toward tin? front. Our Illustration
sliow'i Hie animal ami the opciator In
... .!!.... I... .,1 !. .
posejou nu wie ueniMiiiiig operation t)t,(,, as warm a
by Hill method. It Is a good plan be- ,-iasses of slock
fore comtliOiiciiig llie leal work to ex- i urcessai v that
po: Itnetit Upon an animal In the nial
tor of control by siiubliini; the head to
i!;e stanchion rail as described.
If the stanchion rail Is too wide to
permit of properly securing the lwer
Ecok Farming. A grr-nt deal of fun
has boon made of book fanning, but
people nre beginning to recognize Its
Milue. The agricultural colleges and
short courses have changed the gen
eral public estimate.
Good Germs. All bacteria are not
harmful. Although the majority of
the Ills effect lug man and boast conn'
from germs, Hiis does not prove that,
there are not healthful germs us well.
Must Be Kept Dry.-Sheep may not
stable as some other
, hut. It Is absolutely
they should be pro
tected from Hie dampness.
Makes Better Butter. The creum
should not be In M long utter It in
read) to chin m.
Fact Is ttraiigcr than fiction. A two
million dollar airship Is being built, for
travel between New York city and St
Iiuls. Is Hie present year to see
realization of practical flight over long
distances? Men with the money be
lleve so ami have contracted with
Louis Nixon, the ship builder, for a
monster craft which Is Intended to
sail on the air. not on the water.
This original air liner will .sail, ac
cording to present plans, between New
York and St. Louis. Heeaiiso of the
frequency of travel between the two
cities It Is probable that the route will
run by Chicago. Hy the air route the
time between the two largest cities of
the country will he reduced to much
less than the present brief time of the
limited trains of the two most promin
ent railway thoroughfares. There will
be a saving of lime because the route
will be more direct, all the mennder
lugs necessitated by rivers, lakes and
mountains being eliminated In the un
trammeled air.
In addition to this It Is predicted
that the speed of Hie airship will be
much greater, ordinarily, than has yet
been attained by steam or electric en
gines. Hallway officials claim that a 14-'
hour run between Chicago and New
York Is perfectly feasible. Their claims
have been substantiated In nctual run
ning. Fancy, then, reducing this record
by four or more hours! That Is the
claim set forth by the Inventor and
the capitalist backers and the builder
of the leviathan which Is going o plow
the air. Just as the wonderful, swift
ocenn liners push their way through
the water.
This prognostication Is not an Idle
dream of a novelist. Actual work hns
already been starti d on an airship to
have a carrying capacity of 1,000 pas
sengers, and which, If the experiment
proves successful, will some time dur
ing tho early summer be launched wlV.
Imposing ceremonies nnd undertake tts
maiden trip from New York to Chica
go nnd St. Louis.
The material for this nlr-golng ship
la now holne forged and collected In
the shipyard of Lewis Nixon, on Stat
en Island, N. Y. It Is to cost roundly
iL' OOO.dOO. and the capital has been
furnished bv a number of wealthy
men who have faith In the future of
aerial travel ns a profitable . Invent
inent. Among these men, located In various
parts of the rnlted. States and else,
where, are Oscar It. Itergstroin, a New
York banker; Arthur Lewis of tho
Standard Oil Company; James II. Robert)-,
ex-comptroller of the state of
New York; Walter !. Allison, a Fblm
delphla capitalist; 1 1. V. Denlson of
the Alllst'halmers Company; George
A. Taylor, a banker; John Chlsinan
nnd Clarence II. Hennett, capitalists,
of New York; T. II. White, a real es
tate owner and builder; George Ken
rietly, a lloston capital!:-! ; Arthur
Seolleld of New York; Frank Daturoii,
president of the llrldgeport Healty and
Trust Company, of llrldgeport, Ala.;
George Howard of Washington. IV C;
J, II. rnderwood, a civil engineer, of
lluenos Ayres, and J. Lnnmlr, presi
dent of the Lemalr Construction ( onv
pnny.
Thurlow Weed Harnes of New York
U credited with the getting together
furtherance of commercializing air
travel. The plana of tho new vessel
have been worked out through a num
ber of experimental yearB by Edward
I. Pennington. As much as 15 years
ago Pennington attracted a great deal
of attention by his airship Inventions.
Thla new airship that Mr. Nixon has
undertaken to build Is tho renult of
17'years' study on the part of Mr. Pen
nington, the Inventor. He Is generous
in acknow ledging his Indebtedness to
Count Zeppelin, whoso exploits with
his dirigible balloons last year were
one of Hie spcVtaeular developments of
aerial' nnvignilon lu a wontier-woming
year. Pennington believes, however,
that blfl own Idea of discarding silken
bass iu favor of what he calls a "buoy
ancy chamber" made of steel will, with
hlil other Improvements, render his
craft Immune from the dangers which
are sure to beset tho present day
dirigible balloon.
The great advantage of our ship,"
says Mr. Pennington, "is that we shall
never need to bring her to the ground
to renew her gas. Pure hydrogen gas
as a lifting force will be used In the
buoyancy chamber, and this gas, prop
erly confined, will Inst for years with
out deteriorating, or need of renewal.
"That Is the real solution of the
whole problem, nnd once our ship Is
In the nlr she will float there, out of
harm's way, until the wear on her ma
chinery renders her useless."
The plans for this wonderful air lin
er contemplnte a steel vessel 1,000 feet
long over nil. Tho cigar shaped buoy
ancy chamber will measure 700 feet
from tip to tip and eight feet at Its
grentest diameter.
The principle upon which the levia
than of the air Is operated Is that
upon which all the later dirigibles, in
cluding Count Zeppelin's, are construct
ed. This Is the principle of the anni
hilation of gravity.
In other words, the ship is given a
buoyancy Just sulllcient to counteract
Its weight. That Is to say, Mr. Pen
nington's airship, with its buoyancy ,
chamber filled with hydrogen, will, for
all Its 1,000 feet of steel, weigh almost
nothing. A child could lift it with one
finger or . toss It aloft like a rubber
ball.
The ship will be equlped with 11
propellers, five on each side and A
larger one, as shown In the picture, In
front. Tho side propellers revolve on
a horizontal plane when It Is desired
to raise or lower the craft, acting, In
the parlance of aeronautics, as "ball
copters." When, however, the ship nas
reached a proper altitude and It Is
desired to drive her ahead, the "hell
copters." which work on swivel Joints,
aro adjusted to the vertical plane and
propel tho ship on her chosen course.
Or. similarly, they may bo reversed to
drive her astern. Two or more or all
of these propellers may be used at any
time. Eight propellers will drive tbj
ship at an average speed of 30 mlli
an hour; 11 propellers will send hit
through the air at a 40 mile clip.
It Is not necessary to use all the
propellers at the same time when go
ing with the wind, and tho big craft
can partly "coast" In these circum
stances, Just as an automobile or rail
way locomotive does when descending
a grade.
Tho buoyancy chamber, as before
stated. Is to be constructed of steel,
and will have many compartments to
Insure safety In case of puncture.
"Perhaps," said Mr. Pennington, "I
am proudest of tho automatic rudders
which 1 have devised for our airship.
Hy means of these two. one horizontal
and one vertical, and the mechanism
which governs them, tho ship will
maintain her altitude and direction au
tomatically. Acting In combination
with tin' barometer, which makes and
breaks an electric circuit controlling
the motor which handles the altitude
or horizontal rudder, tho latter Is
firrced to act so as to compel the aerial
craft automatically to conform to the
curvature of the earth. The vertical
rudder, which governs the direction of
the ship, also acts automatically
through an electric motor, whoso cir
cuit Is made or broken by a connection
with the compass.
'For example, should the vessel be
traveling west nnd the wind blowing
from the north, she would automatic
ally be pointed northwest; but she
would travel, In fact, Btralght to her
destination. In short. If we want to
go to a certain place wo simply set
our direction gauge for that place, and
will reach there without further steering."
