THE DAILY JIEKALD, 1'LATTSMOITTII, NEISUASKA, THURSDAY, OCTOiiER 13, 1887, v. FA KM AND (JAMO. A USEFUL LIGHT HARROW THAT MAY DE MADE AT HOME. t'mrl Iriil InfVii-iiiHtlftii ltKiU'tliiit; C'iiiin ml Inlmxl 'atl!; Tluit i:i!.iiiiH A.;iy Komn lTroni'i.llH Minis on I iiilt Drying A Cum Crib Unit I ! n ICal i. Numbered witli oH IhiiiK tint t'.- ii'.t fct em In linve improved 1 1 j -i is tlui Hit proof ciini iib i!ir Iru'ed ..i thene r iiip:mying ti. I . Wlilli- l.iinil:M", 1111 luiil)f, ! i.i.'iuy clili r iv; : !i t.:. i Ii' i i- iuc 11 Ful'.i'ifiit number r lici'.iii.u" v. h'j.Mi it luuy bvnelit to justify i! ih n'ji ip: ion here. i:at 3 i.(i.' coi:; cr.!i. It must be elevated r.bonf Live fed from tin; iri'v.wiil, on po-.ts on I tin pair;, bottom up, il;iced on tr.p of tlie j.';.-.t.s. "'In- crib must nut bo in-:ir c:iou;,h to :iny tree, It nee or ding Ur nits to jump to tlio -rib. As t !n y e;i:m t t limb up Ihe posts higher than t.'ie (in paiid t!.e crib is Mire to be rut and i. :! p.-iwif. T2e step:; lead 5ng into the crib 1 1 ' -1 1 1 Ix; movable ones tli:it can be f.Hed or pulled up in.sido tlio crib when not in me. (imwlli f IIoi-k-h' I'crt. It may Ix laid down us a ride rnys tl;c author in "arli.-iir hoivesimeimr," tbat the horn rrnvs more r.-pidlv in warm, dry climates tlia;i in cold, wet ones; in healthy, energ'-tic animals than in thoi;o which arc soil. ; 1 1 I weakly; during exer cise tliati in ivpoM-: in young than iu old animals. '"!. labor and m:--,:!vc al.so adtl their iiii! mmic . while liie eeasoiis are t fuinu cxici.l. esteemed in tl.e growth ami shape of t!:e lio"f. In winter it widens, bi-coiiics softer and ;:::.vs but little; in siumm r it, is i:i:de:i:-t !. becomes more ri'-iid, out avo and i t .sir Hir.'., is ex posed to se trer ve:-r a::d grovs more xapidly; this variation is a provision of nature to enable the lsor.f to adapt itself to tht alttrt d com III ions it h.-.s to meet hard horn to hard gioi:ml, toi"L horn to soft ground. In this way is accounted for the in fluence of locality upon the rhr.pe of tlio foot. On hard, dry ground the hoof id dense, tenacious and small, with concave sole, and a lililo but lirm fro.'; in marshy regions it is large and spreading, the horn fioft and easily destroyed by wear, tho ptle thin i! nd fl:it, and thcfro-rr.n im mense sponsry mass which is badly iitied to receive pressure from Ik-l:tiy i ardened soil. In a tlry climate, we have an animal small, compact, wiry and vigor ous, travelin;: on a snrfac e which demands a tenacious hoof, and not ono adapted to prevent sinhin;;: iu tho mar.-hy region wo have a larc;e, heavy. Iyniphntie. creatv.re, one if whose primary reiiuirenic:;ts is a foot designed to fravtl on a soft yielding turface. Change liie rrpp.et five .it ;irttitn3 of these two hi ies, and nature im medi'Ueiy begins to transform them and their feet. Iu the ordinary conditions of town work and stable m.-m.-ip-meiii'. it has been ob served that the wa.ll t.f a hea'thy foot grows down from the coronet at the rate of about one-qti;;; icr of an inch per month, and that the t m ire . wall of a medium n'zed hoof has l.vtn regenerated in from nine to twelve months. riimiTMl I-;l;i:ul Ca!tl. There exist ; o .r.FiMerable confnr-fon in the minds of r:- .-- v cot.ee it .!? tho names "Alderney," '-.Icr - mid ':Guern;vy," as applied to the Ch.imu-I Island cattle and their ciTsprin-r. la iratty 'arts of Kn.siland, as in this c.-Mi.try, t!: name ".Alderney"' i-i alie riven to both .Jerseys nnti (Juernsej :!. A cirri-s:ondert in Mark Lane Kxprcss surest s that perhaps the fact that the lirst cattle from the Channel Islands were in-poied from Alderney tended to spread tl.e erroiious idea tliat nil cattle comhi' from the inlands were Alderneys. In reality, there are two dis tinct breeds the Jei.-eys and tlie Guern seys. The Alderney is a, mixture of the two. ( i-i I j -. : l 11 " the AMcmeys were emaller even th:;:: I he Jer '(.ys. but tliroush fretjuetit cro.-.--::ipj v. it h the Guernsey bulLs the si?.e now erp.iai.s that cf the ani mals of this Litter breed. In Kr.sland, as in this country, the .lersey is the more popular breed, ami is. exported from the islands iu numbers far exceeding the Guernseys. The Jersey.- dc k Titrate after a while if a suilicicnt utrpp'y i imported blood is not kept up iy ; her-.:; thtyl. se the rich color that characLeri.es the shi i and ears of the island ani-mds and develop heavier bone and trer-cral coav.-'euoss. A Jersty, to be desirable, should pos sess a small h?f-d. slender and lengthy from the eye to tlie ne.-x; the eyes should be full, but not too prominent; the ears lengthy and h-mad and frim.vd with hair. The neck ou.ht to be 3oi':- lait and nar row; the thest deep rather than broad. The legs should be sitnder v. ith small, flat fee:t. "A le.n.p;. thin tail and soft, thick skin" are great points in breeding. It is impcrtnnt that the udder be free from hair, l'.c:::ble and soft, with no ten lency to tk-h. The bag ought to extend well forward and high up between the -thighs. On no arant should the teats point away from the quarters. m n 4 CCKUXSEY COW, CILT EEGE. In appearance the Guernsey is i fine, deep lKxlietl row, of rich color and of av erage size. Ilcr quality is seen in tho marked yellowness of the skin, especially on the inside f the ear, around t'r.e eye, ct the end of the tail, etc. The soft, lino Lair varies iu color from a deep red to a light orange and white. lake the Jersey, thj iUsiinguisLing proiKTty of the Guern sey is her butter product. The Guernsey ossesses. beef tankim; rrecerties .which jr - i fpn'T oped several very pood incubators by the use of which fairly satisfactory results have been obtained. In careful hands the better class of iricubatorw Rive gotxl re sults, but intelligent attentiou is an abso lute necessity not only in tlie management .f the incubators but in tho care of the chick after t hey are hatched. The supply of heat, in incubators must le regular, and amateurs, n-s a rule, fail in keeping an even tempt : .it ure. Jtt-aie, the well known Jhr.'li.ili am hority, fays: "Xo jart t.f an ordinary dwelling i.i an good as the cellar to m t the incubator In. Here the fempcr aturo varies bra liitle between day and ht, and one d.iy when the thermometer ay Maud at h'i (ie;'s. and the next o ;m'i a chati'.'o which not unf re'iient ly 'i i;rs scvt-ral times each winter in the i oi t hern st. i. es and nil parts of the hou.-e lei I iiiore r less." Numbered wilii 1 he better class of self n f-ul.-ii iieg iiiei'i, ,,(ors is a me.chine con si, iing of a .-mail water beater which warms the water In a tank placed over (!. egg chamber. Tho source tf heat may !c ei!h(f kerosene oil or gas. The cr.'g-j, plaeed in trays, are warmtd by r. Hal i.in on t t;r. ujpcr surfact; oidy. I'n tier t he trat .' are siiallow -ans of water, itote;i I'tgr'.fs coi.ler than tlie eggs, the aim being to imitate the conditions w hieh are tib.ierved whe-i hens make tht ir nesi s (ii t lie I'.'uiiwl. Th- air in the egg cnai..l.er is a!.-o moisten.- 1 hy water from 1 roughs sii:-pi :n!ed above theceus. Ven tii.tiion is provided fhiough tub-.s which itit rod in a ton. taut ilmv if freh air t !.-( miller th.; tank, thu? v.: iming it l.efoie It colors in couact si!h tiie The urtr air is taken out from tlie Lutiom. All the t ggs are tinned tit one time. by means of an ingenious coi:lri ancc of the egg trav. A set C'gS 1 f t! :ermo: t-tie liars above the !!. 1 lower the tlnme of the lamp r, end thus ad.i:t the heat h t l.anges f teini'i rature in d h..-!d the heat t.f the ma- t he di sired point by a con Yi.. rir is a t-hambt r under or gas burn: elvcn out v. i the root;, a: chin r c!o:-e 1 staid a? tion. the t rg trap b.r the chit '. i v.'i.ieh is used ;;s a nursery i.i I:S. well kr.t.wn machine, mnde the aboe. iii.'.t is. the water A nol !ier i "miiai" to t a id; is above- 1 he the peculiarity i f , etc. l, p'osses" es its cal-aeitv !IU ailer the insi, bp drtys. v.itli a double )erof egg.-. 1 erienced hatchers dif fer in their opinions as to the merits of this feature. A comparatively new incubator has no water tank, and m water is em ployed except to supply moisture. The desired warmth to the eggs is imparted by air warmed by coming in contact with two metallic lamp Hues. Then there is incubator which is peculiar in having no ai.i.-matic regulating apparatus. This in;. eld-t---- ' i f 1 vo In! -!. placed t'lie ni....',i ... " .ver, r: ntl connect iti i .... ... .-n i . .. ,y as to cause a very free circulation tif the water. The source of heat is a kerosene lamp under the center of the lower tank. The ilaiiie of this is regulated according to the. judgment, of the atte ndant. In careful hands machines such as have been described give fair results. The hen. however, remains the only certain incu bator for inexperienced, busy or careless folks, who u ill not give patient, persistent attention to the artilicial ones. IJurjiiig CuM.-ugo for "Winter Use. The upual moilo of burying cabbage for inter use is ,iih the roots up and ex- e.l. as seen in the cuts. This plan np ies to c;i:.!' ie that is already fully aded, the ebjict in inverting them be g to turn oil ike water. a t .'. 'tack T;:;;:;cif. Tn tho cut i-: i'iveii a i.ersp.ective ricwci trench, of c:;' '.-.ge. -V erf'.-, section of t:noh is a!, o shown, giving a good .'t of t!;e m.-.nner i: which the cabb?.e coven . !. A trench two feci wide nr.d :: Imi'.es e.'f ".; is made in f elf-drained d. Inthi.; rye or wheat i traw is sr.it- d three iu'.hes in d'-tuli, ami on this ; cabbages are placed, top downward, n three inches r.pnrl i:ntil the trench fiuh vhci. t-tia-.v is scattered around y head m; i '. ::'t of the stern. This v.; e ver earth from f n:r to eight hes in tlei't'i. j:ecr;vd:ng to the cxpos e. Ti;e boa: lis at tlie fitk-r. prevent the :!:i from v:- Iii:::; awav the dirt. Vv'l.en it is ih.-.- irui that the heads make ivther !.:rnv.-!h r..ots imyl.e placed in e sod and i;:? i .an.ts ri ;!;t shk up. Tliit.sjs I'nrKicrs 'Jetl jic Ai:ot!ier. Mr. I'. Vrilliar-s. t,f lotitclair, N. J., savs ii..,t t t; :u!:vii oo.-e"irry, grown bv .him. has exceeded auv cth.er variety in six..-, productiveness and free dom from di.-ea:.:e. r.Ir. Vv. V.'. Ihiwson, of rassnchusetts. tntmes as the four carlie-t ttntl safest kimis of v.rin.kled pcr-s IcLean's Advancer, Clipper, Am :i, ui YTor.dor r.nd Champion iingi.ind. lie censiilers Maud the btf-t tally smooth pea. President Phil'.ips, t f the West Miclii pn llorti-r "iliui -.I society, regards uu Icacheil ashes as the Lvst i't ililiiier known for vim-yards. P.minc-ut vc-ir.rTmri;ni.s testify that de-hei-.ii.nr cat tie, wl-.en properly performed, canoes little pain. P. 1'. Ware, cf Massachusetts, after a large t'xperit nee. says of the Franconia raspberry: is ienricr and the canes im: -it be prtitet-fftl. Put the fruit is su per''. If it were hardy I should prefer it to any other. I have the Cuthbert; it throws up r.r. immense amount of canes." An old farmer tells how he circumvents on ws. As .--i ten as crows appear he shoots as many as he tan. and when his corn is up hangs their dead bodies around the Il Id; the live crows, seeing their dead companions, ..cl; elsewhere their food and have the corn so uniquely guarded so vilely clone. The value of hen manure from a single bird for one year is estimated at fifteen j cn.ts by a well known poultry grower. j Farmers generally have come to tho conclusion that it is not safe to trust tho "gentle bull." A New .Ttrseyinari suggests, in addition to the usual precautions observed in stor ing garden sec:-, that a piece of earcphoi gum be i-T. in inch Lag containing seed, and that the ceed be dusted with insetl powder. I FARM AND GARDEN. HOW GEESE MUST BE MANAGED TO INSURE PROFITABLE RETURN3. Tho I'rt'xorvat ton of i aril en Hied All About tlit IouI:ir I'y rotlirum Inavct J'liWflcr t:irlctl AViro I'encos wltb Cioivlr.g Tret's for Supports. In the construct ing of barbed vrlre fences it sometine-s hat.jiens that growing trees are used as posts for support. Jf the wire is fastened directly to tho tree, .is some have practiced, the growth of the tree buries it iu the bark and wood, whero the presence of continual moisture and tho retention of the water of every shower tend to produce rusting, and renewing, li ever ntcciitsury, Li rendered dilliculL riQ. 1 IiAHUF.D V.'IKE Oil TREE3. The accompanying figures represent a mode which has been successfully adopted for using growing trees as posts for the support of barbed wire fences and recom mended by The Country Gentleman. The usual objections to barbed wire on trees in this mode are obviated, as will bo seen in tho cut , by placing a narrow board or plank against tho face of the tree, se curing it with two or three nails, and then fastening the wires to this board, ns shown in t he ligures. A board or plauk three or four inches wide answers tho purpose, and it may be pine or cedar. If the trees to which tlio wiro Is fastened are in a, line where there is no danger of animals becoming injured with the barbs, f:r:r wires will .make a good and durable barrier, lint if injury is feared from I lie v ire to cattle and ;:: -, a visible ou st.;: -ion must ! j : vioed, such us a small rip rap wall, which maybe eighteen or twenty inches high, more or less, the stones being laid loosely in a straight lino (see Fig. 1). This plan will in most cases servo as well as a regularly laid wall t.f stones. Animrd3 are not disposed to tread ou the &tone5. Hi si 1 1 A- f"-t -Vl a! VI. '3 FIG. 2. BAREED WIRE ON TREES. But, says the authority quoted from, if stones are not to be had an.fl tha trees are not further apart than the length of fence boards, tho fenca may bo rendered visible by nailing a board between the two upper wires, a-3 shown in Fig. 2. Thero is still another way to prevent harm to animals which run in adjacent fiejds. This is to cut cr plow a small open ditch on each side and raise a bank of earth between them and under the line of tho fence. Hut this cannot bo adopted for trees, as the roots will prevent the plowing of tho furrows. When posts are set it is an easy and efficient way to protect animals, as they are held in check by the ditches and the bank of earth; and it obviates the use of the lower wire, and the posts being held by the bank need not be set so deep. When it is desired to run a barbed fence through woods or ether plantation where the trees are not in a straight line care must be taken to have each tree stand in the obtuse angle which ic forms, the wire being always placed on the outside where it will be firmly held in position. The great convenience and economy of using growing trees instead of posts is an additional inducement for planting nar row timber belts at tho boundaries of the principal lields. I'yretlirom Insect Powder. Powdered pyrethrum, sold under vari ous names, ns buhach, Persian insect powder, Dalmatian insect powder, etc., has the past few seasons grown steadily in favor as an insecticide iu farm and gar den. It has, in a word, assumed sufflcient importance to entitle it to a familiar ac quaintance with every farmer and every housewife. Some confusion exists owing to the number cf names by which pyre thrum is introduced in our markets. That grown iu the Ceiled States, notably in California, is sold under the name of bu hach. The imported powder, Pyrethrum roseum, is grown in the region south of the Caucasus mountains, and is known in commerce as Persian insect powder, while that grown in Dalmatia is termed Dalma tian powder. Pyrethrum is not poisonous to higher animals, hence its present popularity nmong those who dislike to handle such poisons as London purple and Paris green. While not a poison to man and beast, pyrethrum has proven a valuable remedy for many farm and household pests. Its active principle is a volatile oil which acts en the nervous system of the insect. The powder should be kept dry and stored in closed packages until required for use. It is employed both tlry and in solu tions. At tlie Ohio Fxperirneut Station the best results have been gained with the dry powder diluted not more than five times with Cour, finely slaked lime or other finely powdered substances. At this station the powder is thoroughly mixed with the dilutc-nt and allowed to stand for twenty-four hours in a closed vessel before using'to gain the best results. It is ap plied with a good hand bellows. From the experience at this station it is believed that pyrethrum will bo found most bene ficial for smooth bodied caterpillars, suck tl if t t ':-Il:g"l ild m hi I'l! ns cabling worms and others like them. On the wotilly caterpillars it had little or no effect and did not provo a suro remedy for beet lea. On the experimental grounds of" The Ilurul New Yorker, where preference Id given to tho California buhach, successful result. have been obtained by using tho buhach in solution. Mr. Carman, who made the experiments, Insists upon tho use of n hand force pump and the cyclouo nozzlo for best effect 4. With tho above solution applied as hero stated, he has been able to destroy tho rose bugs, which wero present In largo numbers this season on his farm. The economy of the use of pyrethrum or bu hach, in Mr. Carman's opinion, depend upon its application an u line spray or vapor, when the same quantity of water will go fifty timc3 ns far as if siriuklcd on the plants, while tho time required to do tho work will be perhaps twenty times less. At the Ohio station the pow der is applied through n bellows. One pound of pyrethrum diluted with other Iovdcred substance three to five times was found abundant to. dust an acre of cabbage. Directions for Saving Canton Seed. Seeds of nil kinds, says American Agri culturist, should be fully ripe when gathered, but it is also Important to bar vest them as soon as they are ripo. For keeping small quantities of seeds, paper bags are preferablo to cloth, as they ufTt.rtl better protection against moisture and insects. Always mark each package with the mime of the .seed contained in it, and the year in which it grew. Cold does not injure tho vitality of seeds, but moisturo Is detrimental to nil kinds. Melon, cucumber, squash and pumpkin seeds should bo taken only from ripe, per fect shaped Tpeciincus. In a small way the seeds may bo simply taken out, spread on plates or tins and dried. Larger quan tities have to bo washed tie fore drying, to remove the slimo that adheres to them. When the seeds are thoroughly dried, tio them in bags, and keep in a tlry place secure from mica or rats. Peels, parsnips, turnips, carrots, onion, cauliilowtr and cabbage will not produce seed until the second year. Set out in early May" strong, well mat ured plants of last season's crop. When tho sec! b; ripe, cut the stalks and put under cover to dry, then beat out tho seeds mid tio in paper bags. Measuring Corn i:i tlio Crib. Many rules .are given by which thn number of bushels of corn in a crib may be ascertained. Put there are more or les; untru. t rthy from the fact that they assume that two bushels of cn on the ear avo cptal to one of shelled corn; w hereas, in point tif fact some corn will Hot make it, while some will morcthati tio so. These rules, however, often serve a convenient purpose, affording a fairly reasonable estimate, a much closer one than may lie had from mere measurement of tho eye. Following are a few such rules, any one of which may be employed as an approximate estimate; tho lirt is most generally used: 1. Measure the length, breadth and height of the crib, inside the rail; multi ply these together and divide by two. The result is the number of busheLi of shelled corn. 2. Level the corn so it is of equal depth throughout. Multiply t he lengt h, breadth and depth together, and this product by four, and cut otf one of the figures to tha right of the product. The remaining fig ures will represent tho number of bushels of shelled corn. 3. Multiply length by height and then by width, add two ciphers to tlie result, and divide by 124. This gives the num ber of bushels of cars. Another rule is to proceed as above to obtain tho cubic feet, and then assume that one and one fifth cubic feet make one bushel of ears of corn. 4. Multiply length by breadth, and the product by the height, all in inches; divido this by 2,71, and the quotient will be the number of bushels of ears. From two-thirds to one half of this will bo the number of bushels of shelled corn, de pending on tho kind and quality. Management of Geese. Geese are far hardier and much easier to rear than turkeys, and, if fat, bring al ways a good price in the market. Iu a word, these fowls pay very well indeed for keeping, and tbc farmer will, as a rule, find it worth his while to have a few of them in the autumn when his grain crops are off the land. Of the various breeds of geese the Tou louse is the best known, and iSiith the Fmbden, are the chief ones forttommer cial purposes. The Toulouse is also called tha gray goose, because its plumage is cf that color, while the Embden is called tho white goose, its plumage being v.diite throughout. Notwithstanding tlie fact that the feathers of Kuibden geese bring a higher prico than do those of the Tou louse, the latter, as has been intimated, is the mora popular breed. The Toulotise are good layers and their flesh is tender, juicy and well Havered. They often reach an enormous weight. Their heavy bodice fit them fort-lose cooping and they are easily confined by a low fence and will thrive on les3 water than other varieties of geeso, TOCLOCSE GEESE. To make goose keeping a paying busi ness, however, a good sized pond, with a plentiful supply of water and pasturage, are indispensable. Provide these fowls with a house separate from other kinds and see that it is supplied regularly with clean straw. Goslings to be fattened for winter use should be turned on the stub bles as fast as the grain crops are har vested. With ample range and plenty of water and oats, they will Boon be ready for market. It need hardly be told that geese must be kept out of the mowing grass and corn fields or they will soon do damage that will place them on the wrong Bide of the profit and loss column. Items of General Interest. The New York State Dairymen's associ ation is agitating the question of dairy schools. Many of the states show a, reviTal of the Grange order. The leading cranberry growing states are Massachusetts, New Jersey, Wiscon sin and Connecticut. In Xew Jersey there are come 5,300 acres mftfex cranberry culti vation. . ' r;,pSli;Ut?' o COT.Q The tamo ijuttlity t.i rnnU 10 -n'rcL-nt. clattiicr tlian any lioaso wi-f the jlissisbij-i-i. Will iii'vcr ho imliTMhl. Call ami he con inert THE I mum SET ! FOR ALL - Parlors, IIBdromiis, E3imsigrooiiis. ICitchcns, Hallways and Oliiees, (JO Where; a inagnififent stock of Goods and Fair iYiecu abound. UNDERTAKING AND ES!B:?.3!?:G A SPECIALTY. CORNFIl MAIN AND SIXTH (srcrEssoK to Will keep constantly on liaud .IRA !' r I 1 . n W Vii!VS Eb DVVilVlliVM 1 1 B Wall I'apur and a Full Lino o DRUGGIST'S SUIIDIRriES. PURE LIQUORS E. G. Dovey & Son. m. rrs ss3 pl in mm mmim m We 1cUlG joloqstii'G iq sqyiqg t'lnt 9g lqvG Fqllcst qqel Hqqd- soiqcsj liqc of ,1! t n t.' Ever bsrosfg-lil ub! :-liall bo ; OUUGfu & OF Wool Dress Goods, and Trimmings, Hoisery and Underwear, Blankets and Comforters, A splendid assortment of Ladies' iliseses' ar.d CLildnurf CLOAKS, WUAl'S AND JER iMV.S. We have also added to our lino of carp.-ts .some new pitter.a, Fiooi Oil Glolis, i-tis. In men's h-avv and fine boots and ti.uc-. uU in l.:t'Ue.-', MiSjiand Cbildrc-ns Fo dgear, ve have a coi.i,!. t'; line to v.Li:!i we IMVITE your inspection. All depigments Full aud Complete m m m f ila V!bJ it Mr. st f 1. MERGES. EMPORIUM ! BEDROOM SET ! CLASSKS OF- FOIl - TO- ;i:uasi:a J. si. no isi.uis.) a full and coinplotu stock t! t 1 SI ' j A. H i; E. G. Dovey & Son. b t tliHs "SSni'kcl, t-nscd to slio- vnii ;i UUIJdB out Line r V