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CHAPTER V CONTINUE) (18)
Tho purty traveled by frequent al
ternations of prlvnto conveyance,
"stage," railway, and lAoainboat. Tho
xtremo Isolation of Nebraska and tho
progress o rullwuyH toward tlio West
ax that tlmo arc Illustrated In on
Interesting manner by tho account of
Mils Journey given In a recent lotcr
to (ho editor from Dr. Armlstcrul
BurC at Ida home In New Moxlco.
From Chlcngo thoy might have gone
by tho Chicago and Hock iHlaml rail
road, .which had boon completed to tho
Mississippi river earlier In tho year
1864, but since they could go part of
tho way to St. Louis by railroad and
tho rest of tho journoy by steamboat
they preferred that route rah or than
to cross tho unsettled plains of Iowa
by wagon.
Tills very compllcacd and difficult
gubernatorial Journoy was BUggostlvo
of tho contemporary condition of pol
itics and of tho hard road over which
Douglaa, with his now whip of popu
lar sovereignty, as embodied In tho
Nebraska bill, wns attempting to
drive tho Democratic party. And yet,
though tha courso of tho governor nnd
that of tho Intrepid loader of tho de
mocracy alike led to tragic disaster,
It Is doubtful that either could have
chosen a better or wiser one. Com
parison of ho material and political
condition of tho country at that time,
as illustrated by these alms and strug
gles of Burt and of Douglns, with
present conditions reveals tho mlrnclo
that has been wrought within the
memory of living mon. ,
Govornor Hurt was vory 111 when
ho reached St. Louis nnd was obliged
to stop ovor thcro soveral days, con
fined to his bed. By tho tlmo ho
reached Bellcvuo,. on the 7th of Oc
tober, ho had grown still worso, and
ho continued to sink until his death,
which occurred Octobor 18. Ho took
his oath of office on tho ICth, before
Chlof Justice Ferguson, and so was
govornor two days.
Correspondence botweon, Mrs. Burt
and her husband shows that sho re
pined ovor his absence at his post In
Washington, and when ho submitted
to her tho question of his ncccptanco
of tho governorship of Nebraska she
replied eagerly ,that sho would go
anywhere If thoy could only bo to
gether. These letters show that It
was tho governor's intention to Hvo
permanently in Nebraska, and his wife
urged tenderly that he deserved a
wider field for his abilities than was
afforded by the ltltlo Isolated town of
Pqndleton. It appears also that be
fore tho Nebraska appointment came
they bitterly ropreson't the failure of
Prosldont Plerco to appoint Mr. Burt
governor of Kansas according to a
piamlno which they understood ho hnd
made. Tho story of the gover
nor's funeral Journey back to Pendle
ton and to tho wlfo Is In pathetic
contrast to tho eager hopo and solici
tude sho had expressed for a perma
nent home, though In an unknown and
immeasurably distant country.
On tho 19th of Octobor Acting
Govornor Cuming appolntod Barton
Groon, Col. Ward B. Howard, James
Doyle, and W. R. Jones as an escort
for tho body of Govornor Burt to his
South Carolina homo. Thoy were al
lowed from tho contingent fund 2 a
day and traveling expenses, and tho
boy, Armlstead Burt, was allowed
traveling expanses to Pendleton.
It. has already been pointed out that
western border rowans were tho solf
.conBtituted but logical "next friends"
of prospective Nobranka, and tho fol
lowing picture "of conditions and pros
pects of tho coming torrltory drawn
by Mr. Henn, roprosentatlvo from
Western Iowa, In a speech in tho
House of Representatives-, March 3,
1854, already quoted from, should be
regarded as fairly true to nature:
"ten years ago we looked for a
further went, and for tho time when
Iowa was to be a frontlor state no
longer. Step by stop that emigrating
spirit, which first breathed American
u,lv on Plymouth Rock, was looking
forward to tho beautiful valleys of tho
Platte and tho Kansas. Nebraska, a
name familiar only to Indian ears,
was in a few short months becoming
a watchword for the frontlor settlers.
Tho year 1846 found riot a fevv on tho
banks of tho Missouri awaiting legal
authority to cross and occupy 'those
groen meadows prepared by nature's
hand.' In tho silmmer of 1853 not less
than 3,000 souls had assomblod on
tho frontiers of Iowa ready to make
their futuro home on that soil."
He then goes on to say that ho hnd
voted ngnlnst tho measure for ter
ritorial organization a year ago to
ave tho rights of tho Indians; but in
favor of rmproprltlons or securing
treaties alnco made. According to re
liable estimates, he snld. there were
now in Nebraska 9,000.000 acres of
land obtained from the Indians by
purchase and troaty, and 12,133,120
acres hertofore owned by the United
Sttaes in all, 21,133,120 acres opon for
jiettlemont. '
Replying to tho objection raised by
opponents of the bill that "thero are
ho people in tho country proposed to
boorganlzod except Indians, half
breeds, traders, soldiers, nnd those in
tho employ of the Indian bureau," Mr.
' Henn said that a few months- ago this
Miston? cf
was no doubt the cose, because the
people of tho frontier wcro law-abiding
and unwilling to Intorfero with
tho reguhtllond of tho government
which forbado tholr occupancy of the
country. Yet an Intelligent citizen
had Informed him that two months
Blnco there wore between flvo hundred
and six huudrod whites within that
torrltory by permission of officers 'of
the government throo hundred at
Ft. Kearney, and soventy-flvo scnt
torod at othor point; Within tfirco
days after tho pnssago of tho bill, he
asserted thorc would bo not less than
thrco thousand pcoplo In Nebraska;
and tho samo conditions oxistcd In
Kansas.
But in number, nsnlratlons. and
hopes tho carpetbag politicians and
other promoters of , the Infant territory
wcro as arcat as Its Mutual tiomilatlon
was small, and tho town-sites did not
fall below them In nny of tho quali
ties named. The number of t7io Arrow
makos a round-up of those worthy of
notice.
These ploncew attached great Im
portance to tho esthetic aualltv of the
sites of the futuro cities, and It was
exploited to the utmost In the acrimon
ious controversies ovor the respective
merits of Omaha and Bollevuo. To
tho Palladium's observation that
"Bollovlow" In admitted by overy Im
portant observer to bo tho most com
manding nnd beautiful location" the
Arrow replies that Omaha "Is never
theless a hnndsotno place;" and In de
tail. "It occupies a beautiful plateau,
sloping well to tho river. Tho view
Is oxtcnslvo and picturesque, taking
in a long reach of tho river both up
and down, tho broad, rich bottom
lands dotted ovor with fields, houses
nnd cattle, and a strange, romantic,
nnd bewildering background of In
dented nnd variously formed bluffs."
Nor wns the Industrious promulga
tion of this early "Iowa Idea" confined
to tho local field. In tho samo issue
of tho Arrow in copied correspondence
of tho Ohio State Journal -which tolls
the old, old story:
"But tno slto which soems to mo to
contain tho most advantages Is that
of tho city of Omaha. . . . The plat
is most beautiful and attractive. . . .
Sevoral gentlemen of capital and
great Influenco are interested in this
new city and a regular survey and'
plating of premises lu now going on.
Being so near Council Bluffs, tho only
town of any size in western Iowa, it
has many advantages as tho seat of
government, and a vigorous effort is
being made by those having influenco
in the right quarter to secure tho
object. A public squaro and a state
house will bo donated by tho company
for this purpose. If it succeeds Om
aha will at onco take rank as tho first
city in Nebrnska. and if the roads
come to Council Bluffs It will,
whether it becomes tho capital or not,
assume an important position."
Wo may well bollovo that these
esthetic conceits would bo much less
obtruded in a contest for tho choice
of a slto of a capital In tho fnco of
ho more domlnnnt commercial snlrlt
of tho present. But our beauty-struck
pioneers did not, after all, miss tho
main chance; for In tho samo article
tho Arrom significantly obwrves that,
"In full vlow, and due cast, Is Council
Bluffs City, tho great and well known
local point of tho Iowa railroads."
While this mouth-pleco of Council
BluffB spoko wldo of the fact for that
place had not boen iflxed unon then ns
tho objective of nny railroad yet he
aiu not spenk without his reckoning.
Ho could with some yafoty discount
tno influences around him which,
about two years later, diverted tho
Rock Island down tho Mosquito to
Council Bluffs from Its Intended route
down Pigeon creek to a terminus at
the rock-bottom crossing opposite
Floronco. And whllo this reason wn.s
not free from thn hit.m-
ment and the lii(luone of the wish
over the thought, yot it foreshadowed
a groat economic fact. Hero the rail
way wa to preccdo occupancy and
growth kna so, during an exception
ally long period of commercial and
polltlcnl domlnnnco was to receive, If
not to exact, from its creatures re'eg
nltion nnd obtflsnnce lis tho creator
of tho commonwealth.
At tho beginning Nebraska was a
state without people, and It remained
so. virtually, until, tholr forerunners,
tho rallronds, oponod tho way for and
broughf them. This phenomenon dis
tinguishes tho settlement of tho trans
Mlssourl plains from that of the
country eastward of thorn. "Thero tho
railways .followed the people. Hero
thoy preceded tho pcoplo, and hither,
as self-created Immigration bureaus,
they both persuaded and carried them.
It was whon tho railways, having
crossed Illlnolr. and having been pro
jected ncross Ipwn, pointed tho way
to the occupnncy of the plains thnt
tho people colloctod on tho enstorn
bnnk of tho Missouri rlvor barrier
and cast a wistful eye to tho Ne
braska Cnnnan.
On those plnln. in tholr Isolated
'rtnto. tho Industrial nrts wore Im
prnotlnnblo; there was only the soil
copnblo of producing staple goods.
Until the railways enmo to carry the
staple products of tho soil to the far
onstrn market, and to bring back In
exchango all tho othor necessities of
Nebraska
llfo, including, besides the lndlpensa
blo fuol, tho very tools and material
for cultivating th; soil, tho orectlon
of shelter for man and beast and for
all other Improvements, llfo could bo
ondurablo only nlong tho Missouri
river, nnd comfortable nowhere. So
great was tho extremity In this begin
ning of civilized utilization of those
plains that even statesmen, usually
tho most ubiquitous of nil our ani
mals, wcro wanting nccvMsltating the
importation of members of Congress
and oven of tho local legislature.
Tho plonsatitrlos nnd sarcasms of
tho mouth-plcces of tho two princi
pal river towns lay baro Uko search
lights tho oxtremo "lenderncss of tho
foundations on which tho political be
ginning was to rest. Tho Arrow of
Octobor 13, 18o4, referring to a. ro
coptlon at Bollevuo prepared ' for
Governor Burt on his. arrival, says It
was roportod that there were fifteen
persons present -"all tho ellzcns and
fomo neighbors." Tho Palladium of
tho week before had a sarcastic ac
count of tho editor's visit to Omaha.
Ho Ulls us that after landing from
tho steam ferry boat:
"Wo expected the beauty of tho lo
cation would manifest Itself at first
glance, and then tho commanding fea
tures wo had often read of In tho
Arrow, would at onco claim our at
tention. But, Instead of thin wo looked
around wondering which way to go
to find the city. We wcro at a loss at
first to satisfy ourselves that it wns
actually spread out beforo us, and
much moro to identify tho locality of
us commanding point tho focus of
business."
And then he outraged Arrow lets
fly In this spirited fashion, njid
though we are thankful for the Infor
mation about Omaha which is dis
closed by the report, we can not but
feel that it is relatively blunt:
"Focus of business Indoofl! Vnur
months ago there was not a family
upon tins spot nor a houso reared.
Now thero are two stores and somo
twenty houses, with a score moro in
progress. Query: Where Is the 'focus
of business' at Bellovlow? When there
hns been one house roared nnnn th
commanding slto we shall not far
mer intrude so Impertinent nn in
quiry. Tho citv Of TCpllavlnTv la anllf
found, not a building nor a pile of
material onstructsi the vision."
The samo number of the Arrow an
nounced that arrangements had been
made at Omaha for a reception- to
Governor Burt "In a stylo which
would have done credit to many an
older place." The committee of re
ception wero Charles B. Smith, Al
fred D. Jones, William R. Rogers,
Robert B. Whlttod. Michael Mrnhv
William Clancy, Samuel A. Lewis,
wiarles H. Downs, William N. Bvros.
and William Wright. The committee
of arrangements were T. Allen,
Charles B. Smith, David Llndley.
Alexander Davis, and Charles H.
Downs. "Both committees will con
tinue In their respective stations until
such time as the govornor's health
will Justify their action." But the
committees continued in their respect
ive stations till, one by one, so far as
is known, with tho exception of Chas.
H. Downs, thoy have been summoned
to follow tho ruler they wero to honor
to tho other shore where mayhap the
long propnred reception hns at last
beon hold.
Though Secretary Cuming, who, by
tho death of Governor Burt and the
provision of tho organic act, became
acting governor, was to bo architect
jof tho organic beginning of Nebraska,
I yot in a deaper and broader sonse
j tho beginning hnd tokon place In the
isummor and fall, of 1S5I, on tho ad
I vont of tho settlers who came Allied
with tho anticipations and hopes, ac
customed to ho asperities, inured to
the hardships, and conscious of the
constructive responsibilities and du
ties of pioneer llfo. For iflfty-one
yenrs after Its acquisition tho land
these pioneers had come to possess
had been nn unorganized prairie wild
erness. During all that time the
geographers had described it as a
part of tho Great Amorican Dosort,
unfit for agriculture of too arid a
climate and too lean a soil to at
tract or sustain any considerable per
manent civilized' population.
There wero nolthor laws nor poli
tical organization. Tho baro and Ill
defined territorial boundary was the
only finger-mark of civilization or
sign of civilized control. Writer and
reader are ablo to remember that the
nearest railway was yet three hundred
miles from our borders. Reliable esti
mates that proporty values, real nnd
personnl, approxlmnto two thousand
mlllton dollars In .1003 show tho mira
cle wrought by theso beginners whoaa
creed has been faith and good works.
To be Continued.
Matilda of Scotland.
Matilda of Scotland, queon of Henry
I, of England, was a descendant of Al:
frcd the Great. Sho wns born about
tho year 1079, but tho exact date is
not. recorded. No othor Scottish prin
cess has over Bharett tho throne of a
king of England. Sho was known as
"Matilda, tho Good," Inheriting her no
ble as well ns royal mother's pious
nnd charitablo nature.
While qulto young tho Princess Ma
tilda and her noblo sister and broth
ers wero left orphans. An uncle took
them to England, caring for them at
his own expense. Tho two princesses
wcro placed in tho nunnery ' of Rom
soy, where their aunt, Christina, was
the abbess. Here they remained many
years, becoming well educated and
trained In tho gentlest and highest
manners as became princesses of their
blood. For a time it was thought they
would become nuns, for thoy had no
homo to go to on leaving tho convent.
But tho thought of becoming a ro
llgleuso was most distasteful to Matil
da. Onco when sho was a little girl
her mother who secretly hoped" her
-daughters mVsht become cloistered
nuns put upon her head a black veil,
after the fashion of a nun. Matilda's
father, tho king, becamo angered at
the sight of his daughter, in such garb
and. snatching tho veil from her head,
tore it into shreds, declaring vehement
ly that he "intended to bestow her
hand in nmrr'iago and not devote her
to a cloister."
Matilda of Scotland.
This act of her father made a deep
and lasting impression on Matilda's
young mind, nnd years afterward when
overy iniluence was brought to bear in
an endeavor to induce her to enter tho
cloister she emphatically refused, and
repeated her father's words regarding
her destiny.
But while in the convent of Romsey
Matilda was forced to wear tho black
veil of a votaress to protect herself
against the too ardont advances of tho
lawless Norman nobles who greatly
admired her beautiful face and charm
ing manner. But Matilda's own ac
count of wearing this thick black veil
is on record. Sho says that she "woro
it with sighs and tears when in the
presence of her stern aunt, tho ab
bess," but tho moment she was alone
sho "tore it from her head and stamp
ed her feet upon it."
Doubtless it was during Matilda's
Btay in tho convont that tho young
Prince Honry saw her and fell desper
ately in love with her, for only a few
months after his accession to tho
throno, "he asked tho hand of Princess
Matilda, daughter of Malcolm, King of
Scotland, of her brothor Edgar, then
king of Scotland."
The union proved to be a happy one
and Matilda was not only beloved by
her royal husband, but adored by her
subjects, who called hen "Matilda, the
Good.
Tho portrait which accompanies this
sketch is from a copy of a miniature
that is still to bo seen in the British
Museum.
Sir Henry Eugene Robinson of Lon
don, England, last wool; enlisted In the
United States navy, enrolling at tho
Pittsburg recruiting station as a mess
attendant. He and a number of the
recruits woro sont at onco to tho
Brooklyn navy yard. Sir Honry, who
has papers showing that he was a lieu
tenant in tho Boor war, had boon a "re
mittnnco man," but latoly tho remit
tances failed to como from England
and so ho Joined tho Amorican navy.
Every man has a dual personality;
that of his bettor naturo nnd of his
lower solf ; ns ho growB oldor ho grows
more friendly with tho ono nnd moro
an enemy of the other.
Tlio oifly happy man Is tho ono who
has learned to mako tho bost of things.
TO THE YOUNQ MOTHER,
I want to give a little advica to young
mothers. I feci thnt I havo had a little
recent experience with babies, ns I am the
mother of six little ones. Five are with
mo and ono hns been transplanted to tho
Master's Garden. My oldest child Is near
ly nlno years old, whllo tho baby is flvo
months. They are all hearty and rosy
now, but, with ono exception, thoy wcro
sickly in babyhood. Let mo advlso you.
My experience was gained with many
tears and wakeful nights.
No matter what tho old folks say, never
glvo tho babies solid food until they havo
the most of their front tooth, and never
before iho tenth month. When you do be
gin feeding solids, you cannot bo too
careful. If anything disagrees with baby
try something different. Whon you find
something that agrees with him, do not
no In a hurry to change.
Ono of my little girls began to fall when
about flvo months old. I found that sho
was not getting enough of "Nature's
food." I tried to feed her on cow's milk
In different ways, but It scorned that her
llttlo Rtomnch rebelled, and sho would not
drink It at all. Ono day sho scorned so
Blck and hungry that I decided to try hor
again on milk, but when I went to pro
paro It, I found there wasn't a bit of
sugar In tho houso. Baby was crying so
pitifully that I was In despair. Fortunate
ly, I thought of a jar of honey In tho pan
try, and with this I swootoncd tho milk.
She was delighted with tho now drink.
For the next flvo months sho lived on
milk nnd honey, for 1 soon had to wean
hor. Sho got well and was as fat as
could be In a short time. In tho tenth
month, I begnn to put pieces of bread In
the milk and honey. Gradually, I added
other articles to tho bill of fare, and when
sho was eighteen months old she coula
oat a llttlo of almost everything on tho
table. When sho wns twenty months old
I wns taken sick and was unable to at
tend to her myself. Sho took sick with
bowel trouble. I guessed tho cause, but
could not help myself. Ono day my llttlo
boy camo to mo and said, "Mamma, Aunt
Wlnnlo Just gives Mertlo meat all tho
time." Aunt Wlnnlo was tho old colored
cook. It was Impossible for mo to get an
other cook, or to chango hor methods. As
quickly as I could get up,. I put Mcrtle
on a bread nnd milk diet, and she got all
right. ag
MRS. CARRIE M. SOLLIB.
Luther's Store, Ala.
TO MAKE .CANDIES.
By Norma Wllllamt.
Butter Scotch Ono cupful of brown
sugar, half a cupful of vater, a pleco of
butter the size of nn egg, 'and a tenspoon
ful of vinegar. Tloll about twenty min
utes, nnd flavor If desired.
Chocolate Caramels Put ono cupful of
brown supar, one cupful of molasses, one
cupful of sweet milk and a tablespoon fill
of glycerine Into a kettle nnd boll fast.
When nearly done, ndd a cupful of grated
chocolate, and test In cold water. Pour
Into buttered pans.
Cream Dates The white of ono egg,
half nn eggshell full of water. Stir In
confectioner's susrar until stiff, sprinkle
sugar on tho moulding board and mix un
til very smooth. Mako into small fiat
balls; cut tho dates In two; tako out
tho seeds nnd put half a date on each
side of tho balls.
Cocoanut Candy 3rato up tho meat of
two cocoanuts, put in a kettle with four
pounds of pulverized sugar, the beaten
whites of two eprgs. the milk contained
In both nuts. Stir topother ovor the Are
until you discern an apponrnnco of candy
turning bnok Into sugar. Tako off imme
diately. Make into round, fiat cakes and
put on buttered dishes to harden. If you
want part of It pink stir In1 the least bit
of pokeberry juice after you remove the
candy from tho flre.
Boston Cream Taffy Boll two cupfuls
of granulated surrar in a cupful of cold
water; add a tablespoonful of vinegar
and two tcaspoonfuls of cream of tartar.
It should bo boiled until It snaps In cold
water; add a tcaspoonful of any essence
preferred, nnd turn tho candy out; when
cool enough, pull white. For nut molas
ses candy, have tho kernels ready, either
whole or chopped, and sprinkle them over
tho taffy whon It is poured out; they will
sink In, and the wholo can be cut Into
squares ns it cools, with a knife dipped
Into loo water. Or tho nuts may ho
sprinkled over a dish and the candy
poured over them.
Zephyrs Put Into a soup plate, or other
deep dish, n tablespoonful of orango flower
water, tho whites of two eggs, and add to
It gradually enough confectioner's sugar
to bring It to a consistency of protty
thick lclnpr. Now stir Into this as many
chopped almonds ns tho Icing will take up
and then drop little lumps of this mixture
rockily on white paper, and bake a light
golden color in a slack oven; now lift
them out, remove tho paper nnd set
them on a dish, strewing thorn with fine- '
ly powdered suirar and leave till firm.
This recipe is qulto as good. If not better,
made with Alberts or walnuts. Tho nut
should bo chopped until It is about as
largo as tho head of a pin.
Brilliant French Varnl3h for Leather
Spirits of wine, three-quarters of a pint;
vinegar, Ave pints: gum Senegal In pow
dor, one half pound: loaf sugar, six
ouncos; powdered gulls, two ounces. DIs-.
solve tho gum nnd super In tho water;
strain and put on a slow flro, but don't
boll now, put In tho galls, copperas and
tho alcohol; stir well for flvo minutes;
sot off; when nearly cool strain through
flannel, and bottle for use. It Is applied
with a pencil brush. Most suporlor.
IN THE SICKROOM.
Good cheer Is bettor than modlclno,'
Tho Jest has an Important parj: to play
an a romody for Irritability,
Don't toll long stories.
Don't rehash other people's trials.
Don't think up miserable possibilities.
Order, observation nnd obcdlonce nre
three cardinal virtues. 1n a nurse..
Add to these tact, tho wnnt of wfclch Is
the bnso of nearly overy sin a nurse may
commit.