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TILE FARMER'S SON AND TUB CITY. I
III' do farmers' eons leave the country to find
employment in cities? The drift of population
toward cities 1ms boon so marked in the lust
decudo that tho United States industrial com
mission lias made a special study of the ques
tion. Tho farmer's son hi just into uic son oi
anybody else. He likes to know what Is going
on In tho great world, nnd lie realizes that if ho remains on
the farm ajjvnya nxuMS not The fJfc'iuiH to travel, his
bTfU fouulry boy has a bright mliid. In the common
schools ho Ienrn8"ortffe deeds of public men, and he aspires
to be a great Sinn some day himself. Ho goes awny to col
lege and takoB high rank. Other professions thau farming
nro open to him and ho may choose ono of them. Both of
tho United Stores Senators from Indiana were farmer boys
find scores of other successful public men, who were raised
'on farniB, could bo named"
Hut what does It matter if the tendency Is to move from
tho farm to the city? Population will adjust Itself. When
tho farmer boy finds that tho city does not hold out superior
advantages, ho will remain on tho farm. Doubtlessly many
n young man from tho country makes a mistake when ho
goes to n city with the belief that he can make an easier
nnd bettor living. It will not take long to discover that
tho country has Its advantages, too. Whon he finds himself
ordered about by an 'employer from ten to twelve hours a
day, he will begin to appreciate the Independence of farm
life. Before ho loaves tho farm a salary of .$ir n week
may seem large, when ho is receiving scarcely more than
that for a month's work, but after he pays tho innumer
able bills that a city man must pay, he will find that tho
$15 a week salary is not half so large as he Imagined It.
The farmer boy may be lnlluenced by what he reads
of "hayseeds" and by tho prevalent newspaper cartoons of
Ijawhlskorod ploughmen. Yot if ho stops to think, ho knows
that tho city-bred follow Is the greenest creature on earth
when ho goes Into the country and can't tell corn from
Wheat or pumpkins from sour apples. If newspapers were
published In the country, there would be some of the funni
est city-fool cartoons that a man over shook Ills sides over.
Tho country holds out more Inducements than It did a
few yearn ago, and the Inducements will be still greater,
.lust as Boon as it Is clear that the farm offers equal or bet
tor opportunities than the city, the farmer boy will stop
drifting toward tho city. The matter will adjust itself.
Just now there is a reaction In favor of the farm. In
dianapolis Sun.
WOMEN IN INDUSTRY.
I LONG with his excellent recommendation that
Stho Department of Commerce and Labor Inves
tigate thoroughly conditions of child labor
1 throughout tho United States, President noose-
volt In his message urges that the subject of
Jwomen's employment In gainful occupations be
carefully studied by tho same department.
Many enlightened women of this country are eager for such
nn inquiry by the government. Doubtless It Is In response
to their arguments that the President makes his strong
presentation of tho importance of this matter.
Formerly woman worked In the home and only In tho
home. To create and maintain the home by the toll of her
hands applied directly to fireside Industries was her obsorb
lug euro. But tho factories have taken those Industries
from tho fireside nnd woman has followed them Into tho
factories. The result has been that the woman ,who has
. been relieved of such work Is not bound to her fireside as
Was the housewife of former generations, while the woman
In the factory has few or no family ties. As the President
says, "change and disturbance In the domestic life of tho
nation" has resulted from these new conditions. Tho de
crease In marriage and In' the birth rate aro some of tho
symptoms of a revolution which may have a sinister effect
upon the country In general. Tho result In many cases to
tho individual worker is equally disquieting.
These conditions affecting tho Individual, tho nation ana
tho race should be dealt with in tho light of accurate knowl
edge such as a federal Inquiry should secure. The 5,000,000
women who toll In gainful occupations must bo protected
and dangerous tendencies must bo curbed. Chicago News.
A
KEo!rff:iflrwaaintXK
jpTj
GOOD PREACHING.
ON'T put a $5 iiat on n 5-ccnt hend. Quit tak
ing i?r buggy rides on $0 a week. Eschew cheap
Jewelry. Get a bank account. Get a home of
your own. Got some property. Got a start in
the world In some wny. What good Is it to you
that you live in cities with paved streets if you
don't own anything? Don't bo satisfied with
tho shadows of civilization; get some of the subHtance."
That is Booker T. Washington's advice to his people.
Ho Is getting down to fundamentals. Tho negro has not
behind him, as the white man baa, the inherited thrift of
centuries. On the contrary, his people who have gone be
fore him have had a longing for tho good things of life,
which longing has been denied them.
The white man is tho heir to habits of prudence In ex
penditure. The negro has been taught, until the last forty
years, to take no thought for tho morrow. Considering the
fact that the colored man has gone against the Inbred traits
of his race whenever he has tried to live within his means,
he has made wonderful progress. Especially Is this true
of tho Southern negro, who has accumulated, In eleven
former slave States, more than $300,000,000 worth of prop
erty.
And again: Is not tho advice In Washington's pungent
phrase also applicable to the white man? The negro Is not
the only type of spendthrift who takes $." buggy rlcjca on !?0
wages and neglects to provide for the rainy day, And it
must also be said that the preaching against shlftlessnoss
has little effect either on white or colored ears. Moral
maxims go Into one ear and out at tho other with most per
sons. Still, the preaching must go on. A little of It finds
lodgment. And here and there men are helped by it to
stand on their feet as men. It Is mighty good preaching,
anyway. Kansas City World.
MAKING POSTAL ENDS MEET.
IIV. iinutnl flnflplt In tho Jnltpl States for the
&$T. last fiscal year was over $1-1,000,000, and will
H be large this year. It Is said by the department
fllli.'it tho ranld extension of rural free delivery is
rTnPI1'10 l'auso of tuo (l(jnL'lt- 1?ut "sil postal doll
CSj?licits have been the rule for a long time, and
reached into some millions before a single rural
delivery route was established. It was then clearly per
ceived and pointed out that the annual deficit was caused
by the transportation of an Immense amount of matter at
losing rates. Some of tho waste has been stopped, but a
big leak there still exists. Many persons who have looked
Into the matter say the government pays extravagantly for
transportation. Congress should Investigate and stop
abuses. Appropriate legislation will end the deficit.
Uural free delivery has come to stay. It is a good thing,
and ought to be broadened in its work. The people do not
ask that the postou'.co should turn a big net profit Into the
treasury, as Is customary In Europe, but they want the de
partment to pay Its way, and lop off the dead weight and
impositions It is saddled with. A $1-1,000,000 deficit will
compel attention In Congress. St. Louis Globe-Democrat.
TREES' EFFECT ON CLIMATE.
DlnfiircHtutloii Cannes Arid "Waste
mill Kotiietlmen FIoihIm.
Whether forests exercise a percepti
ble Influence upon the climate Is an
old question, and even to-day It Is not
definitely nettled. In many countries
n drying up of tho climate has oc
curred, which Is shown perhaps most
Btrlklngly In almost tho whole of Af
rica. That deforesting has assumed
constantly growing proportions In al
most every part of tho world Is still
more apparent. The climate of Greece,
Where to-day only 1(1 per cent of area
' is covered with forests, has deterior
ated. An Increase of temperature and
decrease of rain aro noted, compared
with ancient times, especially In At
tica, which was thickly covered with
forests about 51,000 years ago ami
Where hardly any rain now falls, while
the heat in the open air attains a de
gree which would make tho Olympian
games almost an Impossibility.
A similar condition exists In the
peninsula of Sinai, whero thousands of
years ago tho people of Israel lived In
n luxuriant and fertile country and
where to-day only forestless deserts
abound. Palmyra, also once a nour
ishing oasis In the Syrian desert, pre
sents to-day only a desolate waste of
atones and ruins.
In Mexico, where tho Spaniards cut
down the forests In tho mountains,
drouths changing to devastating Hoods
are now noticeable, especially In the
vicinity of tho City of Mexico. In up
per Egypt, where only 100 years ago
rain was abundant, drouth now usual
ly prevails. In Algeria, where, .since
tho middle of tho last century, the for
ests have been cut down on a large
Bcalo, dry weather lias incrq'ised, nnd
In Venezuela, the level of Lake Tncar
Jgun, to which Alexander Von Hum
boldt drew attention, has been low
ered In consequence of dlsforestnt! m.
If theo rtud other facts are kep' In
mind tho sentence, "Mnn traverses the
earth and a desert results," Is under
stood. It must not be forgotten, how
ever, that this applies mainly to tho
Inllueuce of civilization upon appear
ances and Is not always due to climatic
changes produced by deforesting.
Some authorities even deny the Inllu
euce of forests on the' weather and
climate. It cannot bo denied, how
ever, (hat dense forests favor moisture
and prevent the drying out of the soil
to a considerable degree. At any rate,
deforesting, which In modern times
assumes constantly growing propor
tions for Industrial and agricultural
purposes, Is of universal Importance.
Germany, with a forest urea of
about 11(5 per cent, realizes annually
nearly SUO.OOO.OOO worth of timber
therefrom, while the wood Importa
tions are about of the same value. The
consumption of wood Increases from
year to year and systematic forestry
has not succeeded In keeping up the
forest area of Germany. If It Is fur
thermore borne In mind that Canada,
which formerly possessed more than
WXMIOO.OOO acres of forests, has to-day
only a forest area of about L'-i.'.OOO.OOO
acres, It becomes evident that the
question of deforestation assumes
great Importance. If civilization con
tinues to chance tho face of tile earth
the problem of Us wood supply will
present itself like that of coal and
force the finding of a suitable substitute.
SENSATIONS OF A WORM.
ncliiK Cut In Tm or Knur tins Lit
tle rjlYeet on Squirmer.
Some remarkable experiments have
been carried on to prove whether thu
loror animals suffer pain or sensa
tions of any klu.l when Injured, says
the Kansas City Star. The most strik
ing of these experiments were made
on 'I.e common earthworm. If such n
! !i,vv ui.lti'l l.o divide I at Its middle
transversely only tho posterior half
shows those squirming and jerking
movements which, anthropomorphical
ly viewed, seem to Indicate pain; the
anterior half (containing tho brain)
crawls, as ordinarily, away. Now, if
these halves bo halved again the pos
terior segment of each squirms, while
tlie anterior halves crawl away. This
same process may be continued with
precisely like result uutjl the pieces
aro no longer largo enough to crawJ
Independently. Tlio striking phenome
non is explained In part by the two
sets of musculars fibres In tho worm,
one longitudinal, causing tho squirm
ing and jerking, and tho other circu
lar, wuicn prouueo tlio crawling. Why
In tho posterior segments the former
foT should bo stimulated and In the
anterior the latter set Prof. Norman
says ho does not know. For Its pur
pose tho experiment seems conclu
sive. Tho abdomen of a hermit crab may
be cut In two without any "but a very
slight response" from any remaining"
movable organ. "Limulus" stops a few
seconds when -100 or 500 abdominal'
segments are cut away, then proceeds
quietly breathing as before. Its order
of events Is, regularly, cessation of
breathing, tlexlon of abdomen, pause,
extension of abdomen, respiratory
movements. "Goophllus" cut in two
In tho middle continues Its crawling,
tho front half going forward and tho
rear half backward. Millipedes divid
ed while walking do not hasten nor
stop nor jerk.
Help Her on tlio Way,
The old Avorld Is n-rollia'
To meet tlio perfect day;
Help Iter, then, to get thero
By hollorln' "Hooray!"
Atlauta Constitution.
If there Is anything missing these
days, It is pivtty apt to turn up
chopped hi tho mincemeat
Safety Attachment.
Even In this enlightened ago acci
dents due to a failure to turn off the
gas properly are still numerous
enough to command nttentlon. A
safety attachment for gas burners Is
the recent invention of a Now Jersey
man, and if it will fulfil the claims
advanced It is well worthy of atten-
f H!
cm)
ACTS AUTOMATICALLY.
Hon. Instead of employing a stop
cock the attachment regulates tho fiow
of gas and as long as the gas Is burn
ing remains In that position, but
should there be any carelessness In
turning off the gas the attachment
does so automatically. Whether the
gas Is purposely extinguished or ex
tinguished by accident, due to a high
wind or when blown out by an Ignor
ant person, the attachment acts by
gravity to close the plug. The at
tachment Is pivoted to ono end of the
stopcock, and consists of an arm
which extends parallel with the burn
er, and controlled by a lever. At the
top of the arm Is the portion which
engages with the burner being made
in tlie shape of a ring connected to
two horizontal bands. When the gas
Is turned olT and the attachment in its
normal position it is "at right angles to
the burner. When the lever Is oper
ated to turn on the gas the attach
ment closes up until the top engages
with the tip of the burner. As long
as the gas Is burning the ring and bar
at the top are caused to expand, but
should the gas become extinguished
by a gust of wind or otherwise the
band immediately, contracts and as
sumes a position which forces the at
tachment by Its own weight and grav
ity to quickly fall to its normal posi
tion and shut off the gas.
Mop For OJIIiik Ktoorx.
Tlie aim of the majority of inven
tors at the present time Is In the di
rection of designing some contrivance
which will supplant hand lulmr, and
In the main they are successful. One
of the latest Is a simple device having
a clamp which holds one or more
pieces of felt; the latter being satur
ated with oil to be applied to doors.
A Massachusetts man Is the patentee,
an Illustration of the device being
shown here. Parquetry Horn's aro now
In great demand, and formerly It was
Kon oii.iMi ri.oons.
the custom to apply the oil and other
substances used for surfacing the
wood by hand, the process being very
tedious and requiring considerable
time and labor. The use of the de
vice shown here would obviously save
much of his labor. The clamp which
holds the felt Is made of metal, the
front and rear being plates exactly
alike. The upper edges of the plated
are bent Inward to give additional
stiffness, and the lower edges also bent
Inward and formed with toothed nio
jectlons. The plates constitute a jaw
for folding and engaging the layer. of
felt. The two plates are connected at
points above the center by a hori
zontal plate, the latter serving as a
head and guide for the felt which can
be pushed up against It and be re
tained In a horizontal position. The
upper portions of the plates aro held
apart by a pair of stiff springs which
surrounds two bolts connecting the
plates. To release the felt tho upper
?dges of tho plates are pressed lo
tvard each other against the power of
the springs. A handle attached to
:he rear plato serves as a mode of op
eration. In use the felt is saturated
with oil and applied to the tloor very
uuch like a mop.
HoeUhiK Ilatlituli.
The ordinary bathtub is amply suf
Ident for tlie average person, but
anyone who Jjs more fastidious, nnd
desires something unique, can hnvo
recourse to the bathtub illustrated be
low, the Invention of nn Ohio man.
The construction Is such that the per
son sitting in the tub can rock It back
and forth, causing tho water to swish
over him, nnd, if he possesses u vhid
Imagination, ho will think he Is at tho
seashore taking a salt water bath,
with the waves dashing over him. The
body of the bathtub is supported upon"
rockers by uprights at the front nnd
back. Pivoted to the front of tho
rockers is nn arm which extends to tho
top of tho body. A pulley Is attached
to this arm, through which passes u
rope, the Jut tor being secured to tho
body of the tub, and pnsslng through
a second pulley, connects with n han
dle, which Is operated by the person
In tho tub to rock the mmMilnc, caus
ing tho water to fiow up Into n back
portion above the seat. It will bo
readily seen that by pushing the han
dle tho upper part of tho arm will bo
pulled forward, raising the front end
of the tub. The lining of the tub Is
arranged somewhat In the form of tho
seat and bnck of n chulr, with u deep
er portion for the feet. A casing ex
tends around tho back and partially
along the sides, at the height of the
shoulders of the occupant, when seat
ed. A covering can be placed over this
back portion and be supported upon
rods, the covering having an aperture
for tho head, and can be used for tak-
HOCKING 11ATHTU11.
Ing Turkish baths. When used for
this purpose a box for holding a lamp
Is hung in tlie front end of the tub. .
SNAKE WAS BOLD.
Held Milkmaid Captive hy the
Ankle and Drank the Milk.
Miss Marie C.eriioy, daughter of
prominent residents of Bon llomnie
County, S. D., had a thrilling adven
ture with a monster siu..:e, as the
result of which she narrowly escaped
death by blood poison, by stepping on
a rusty nail while striving to escape
from the snake, says the St. Paul
Dispatch.
The young woman, with a p;ill In
Iter hand, went to her favorite .Jersey
for the purpose of doing her evening
milking. During the day the animal
had been picketed In a tame grass
plot, and at the time of milking still
bore the picket line. The Jersey ap
peared to bo greatly annoyed by files
and mosquitoes and changed Its posi
tion a number of times.
As the cow changed position Miss
Czernoy would follow it up, and during
this operation her ankle became en
tangled as she supposed in tho picket
rope. The cow seemed to grow quieter
and utter milking steadily for several
minutes Miss Czerney became concern
ed at the small amount of milk in the
pail.
Fearing that tho pall had sprung a
leak she looked full into It and at
tempted to raise it. .when she was
horrified by tlie discovery that a mon
ster snake had Its head In the pail,
the weight of the reptile making It
dltllcult to raise the pall from tho
ground. The snake evidently had been
drinking the milk about as faat as
it poured into tlie pall.
Greatly . frightened by tho discov
ery, Miss Czerney gave a scream,
sprang to her feet a.nd made a dash
for her home. But she had taken only
a few steps when she made the fur
ther discovery that instead of her
ankle being entangled In the pVkot
rope, it was the snake which was en
twined around her ankle. The rep
tile colled so tightly and was of such
weight that the young lady was
thrown violently to tho ground.
Finally gaining her freedom from
the monster, which she was able to
shake off only after superhuman ef
forts, she continued her lllght toward
home.
In her haste she stepped on a rusty
nail, which penetrated the llesh to the
depth of about two Inches. Blood
poison set in and only by the hardest
kind of work was the life of the youV
woman saved.