DIT0MAI3
OPINIONS OF GREAT PAPERS ON IMPORTANT SUBJECTS
Wnsto of forests Means Ruin.
""fclllfl noon o oc tho united arnica can acriTo an
TT object lesson from Brazil ns to the climatic
I I effects produced by the destruction of forcsta.
I vr uinllilnff llliiutpntliM nnutfl tin frill nil of
ill 1 1 1 i v; oil iiiif, -" " - -
the fact that trees make Ujo weather.
In northern Brazil lurge states havo been
brought to the verge of ruin through the devas
tation of the timber lands. United State Consul General
Keegor ut Rio do Janeiro calls attention to the chronic
drouths and torrefactlon In the states of Hlo Grande do
Norte mill Couro, wJicro the parched country has brought
xneh MiillcrliiK that relief measures havo been put In opera
tion by tho government. The consul gecnral points out
that , tho situation, there can be dennltoly traced to the
wanton dustructlon of tho timber, once abundant in those
regions. Now the states aro being depopulated, and des
ola Hon reigns AVhcro once nature offered every Inducement
to the settler.
Tho United Stutcn in recent years has taken steps to
ward the protection of Its forests, but flic laws arc still
far from stringent. The government was slow to awake
to the urgency of the matter. The wasto of timber In this
eowilry during the past fifty years has been almost beyond
belief. Tho continental railroads alone destroyed millions
of acres of forests. They slashed and burned recklessly
in building their lines, and their engines set fire to and
ruined yast areas. Settlers, with no thought of the future
value of the timber, added heavily to tho waste. In one
wj,y or another, tho ruthless hand of the destroyer has
done- damugo that can bo repaired only at the expense of
many yoars.
TJio forestry department of the government Is ono that
Hhould be built up and strengthened by laws designed not
only to foster tho growing of trees, but to protect tho tim
ber now Htundlng. 'Chicago Journal.
We and Our Neighbors.
MM1GRATION is a subjuot of Inflnlto possi
bilities. We had 0.10,8.10 immigrants last year;
Canada hud 128,000. Who is tho more advan
taged V Of ours 055,000 camo from tho south
lot Europe lutlns and Slavs a class that all
authorities on the subject say Is llttlo to be
desired. Of Canada's comparatively small
amount 80 per cent camo from Great Britain, Germany.
France, Belgium, the Scandinavian countries and the
Unltod States the best material In tho world to build up
u country and make It richer materially and morally. Not
the kind to peoplo the slums of tho cities, live from hand to
mouth, Increase the drain on pauper care, and, In large
larl, to get out of the country when they have got all out
of'It that they can or want.
Canada has millions of acres, and she Is setting about
their disposal In a way to attract the good citizen. She
offers, too, a stable government; peace, order and law,
where, alas, we have and offer turbulence and a liberty
tJiat, becoming license, Infringes on rights like a tyranny.
Is tho groat republic losing its charm? Is the glamor pass
ing off? Our immigration total docs not look like It. But
uculn comes the ouoxtlon of duality. What boots It that we
goT the offscourings, of Southern Europe and part with
Home of our best blood to build up our neighbor to the
north, where fruits of their Industry are absolutely lost to
us? Indianapolis News.
lions. Indeed, it was pretty well known to the Japancso
aB well as to the rest of the world that Russia's treasury
was In an extremely bad way at the time war was doclured.
But the $1,000,000 a day is, after all, only a small part
of tho bills Russia has to faco. Her losses of battleships
bate meant the destruction of hundreds of millions of dol
lars' worth of property that must be replaced, and the
prospective capture of her great towns with their arma
ments must make the Czar's heart sick.
Considered as a plain business proposition, the war with
Japan docs not seem to be a very good Investment Even
though Russia should win at last, she will have to defend
her possessions more expensively than ever, and how many
years of wnersjilp of Manchuria will be required to make
up her losses? Chicago Journal.
....4... sages penetrating beneath
t rounding mountains.
the mix
Railroads in Darkest Africa.
T sppms nnlv tho otlior dnv that exn orors WOro
gaining fame by penetrating to regions of
Africa through which one may now ride in a
drawing room car. The other day the first
through train left Cape Town for Victoria
falls, on tho Zambesi Blvor, near where Liv
ingstone died, and on the edge of that region
the exploration of which made Stanley famous. With the
opciring of tratllc of this southern section of the Capo to
Cairo road half the splendid dream of Cecil Hhodes a
dream which cuusod men of lesser minds to say that he
was touched with madness becomes materialized into a
prosaic, working fact, a mutter of freight rates, tlmo tables
and tips to the Pulmun porter.
From the north one can now travel more than a thou
sand miles to where only a fow years ago, "the fires of
hell encircled In the desert lost Khartum" as easily as ono
can travel to Chicago, and south of Gordon's reclaimed
capital tho railroad Is creeping along the banks of the
Upper Nile. From Cape Town to Victoria Falls Is another
thousand miles, leaving something like -.500 miles more of
road to be built, but much less than that if use is made,
as it will be at first, of the long stretches of lake navigation
available. A section of only 750 miles will carry tho south
ern stretch of the road to Eako Tanganyika, from the
northern end of which a short section will connect with the
head waters of tho Nile.
Beforo we fully realize what is being accomplished, the
scream of tho locomotive whistle will scare the infant Nllus
In his cradlo and the realm of the Pharaohs find an outlet
along the shores where Table Mountain looks out toward
the Antartlc seas. All the schemes of ambition cherished
by the dead Egyptian kings had no vision of expansion so
great as this. The dream of Cecil Hhodes was greater than
the dreams of the Pharaohs. New York Press.
T
if.
1
The Cost and Tolly of War.
HE war In the far East, according to the com-
& U Ipututlou of a well-informed newspaper of
I a I IS, IS COSIIIIg IMI' IUIHN1IIU gOYlMlllllt'lll 111
least ?1,000.(iM) a day, and the expense Is ln
reaslng dally. If the war continues for years,
is the expert? say It Is pretty sure to do, Rus
sia will accumulate a burden of debt that will
rust heavily upon many future generations.
Of course. $1,0(10.000 a day Is not a surprisingly great
sum for u first-class power to pay for the conduct of a
war. Our war with Spurn cost us considerably more than
that. But it was a short war and our financial condition
.wns very strong. Russia, on the contrary, bus hewn throw
ing millions after millions since the new policy with re
gard to the Asiatic portion of the empire was put into
operation. Nobody knows how much' the Trans-Siberian
railway has cost. But U Is an enormous amount; and the
expenditures on Port Arthur, Uulny, Harbin, Vladivostok.
And the other outposts have run Into the hundreds of 111II-
A National Peril.
HEBE Is more In the toleration of recent auto
mobile performances on the highway than the
mere Ignoring of tho rights and the safety of
other people, since the thing would not be pos
sible unless we hud forgotten part of the spirit
of our Institutions.
For Instance, It Is Impossible to ovoid the
i-oiivlctlon that the only reason some of tho men who drive
racing machines escape gaol Is that they arc conspicuous
in some way, generally the possession of a good deal of
money. The average man would servo a term behind the
bars if lie caused the needless unnoyunce and danger and
damage which these men do.
But If tills Is true, where Is tho practical equality before
the law of which we have boasted for years? And without
that what becomes of the basis of our system of popular
government?
It Is not merely in the matter of sport that tho change
has come. It is commonly observed that it Is almost Im
possible to punish individuals or corporations of a certain
prominence for some offenses. Between tho complaint and
the exaction of the penalty there is almost always a way
of escape for these people, nlthouglrthere would not be
for smaller fry. The exceptions are Just about enough to
prove the rule.
It Is a more or less clear perception of the fact which
causes much of tlie discontent which existing in Ignorant
men, takes queer and unreasonable forms, but Is none the
less founded In a curtain degree of Justice, and which
among wiser men leads to apprehension of the future, un
less we can bring about a more general regard for sound
principles of Justice and for the authority of law against
one exactly as against another. Hartford Times.
OLD-FAVORITES
l'''lit'f$ tff t"t'l,,l'4'-l4l 111
Former John.
Homo from his Journey Farmer John
Arrived this morning, safe and sound,
His black coat off and 4ils old clothes on,
"Now I'm myself," says Farmer John;
And ho thinks, "I'll look around."
Up leaps the dog; "Got down, you pup;
Aro yon so glad you would eat me up?"
The horses prick up their cars at him;
"Well, well, old Buy!
Ho, ha, old Gray I
Do you get good feed when I am away?"
"You haven't a rib!" says Farmer John;
"The cattle are looking round and sltok;
The colt Is going to be a roan,
And a beauty, too; how he has grown!
We'll wenu the calf next week,"
Snys Farmer John. "When I've been
off
To call you again about the trough,
And watch and pet you while you drink
la a greater comfort than you can think!"
And ho pats old Bay
And he slaps old Gray.
"Ah, this Is the comfort of going away!"
"For, after all," said Farmer John,
"Tho hcRt of the Journey Is getting home!
I've seen great sights but would I give
This spot, and tho peaceful life I live,
For all their Paris and Home?
These hills for the city's stifled air,
And big hotels, all hustle and gloro;
Land nil houses, and rond all stones,
That denfen your cars and batter your
bones?
Would you, old Bay?
Would you, old Gray?
That's what one gets by going awny!"
"There, money is king," says Farmer
John;
"And fashion is queen; and it's mighty
queer
To see how, sometimes, while the man
Is raking and scraping all he can,
The wife spends every year,
Enough, you'd think, for a score of wives,
To keep them in luxury all their lives.
Tho town la a perfect Babylon
To a quiet chap." says Farmer .lohn.
"You see, old Bay,
You see, old Gray
I'm wiser than when I went away."
"I'vo found out this," says Fanner
John
"That happiness Is not bought and sold,
And clutched in a life of waste and
hurry,
In nights of pleasure and days of worry
And weal tli isn't all in gold,
Mortgage and stocks and ten per cent,
But in simple ways and sweet content,
Few wants, pure hopes, and noblo ends,
Some land to till, and a few good friends,
IJko you, old Bay,
And you, old Gray!
That's Av.hu t I've learned by going aAvay."
J. T. Trowbridge.
In this neighborhood also Is tho grot
to of Adlcsbcrg, tho largest knoAvn
cavern in Europo and ono of tho most
beautiful in tho world. It has been
explored for a dlstnnco of four or fivo
miles. Through a portldn of it llowa
tho River Polk, which takes this sub
terranean method of reaching its des
tination.
Besides the fantastic caA'os and grot
toes are deep pits, varying in diameter
from a fcAV feet to several miles, soma
of them having forests and agricul
tural lands at their bottoms.
NEVER HAD A CANDIDATE.
Hawkeyc State In Nc'er Doubtful,
That's the Itcutjon.
Iowa first took part in a naUosjt!
election In 18-18 and it bus since grown
to bo one of the most important States
of tho country, with more tlmn 500,000
voters, and, from its geographical po
sition, exercising great power in tho
West. Some of tho most important po
litical agitations which have swayed
the action of other Western States
have hud their origin in Iowa, notably
'the Granger movement," "the untl-
railroad fight," and "the sealed puck
age" agitation as applied to the prohi
bition question.
But, though loAva has been ubund
antly recognized in all other lines of
political preferment (It has now two
representatives in tho President's Cab
inet, the Secretary of the Treasury and
the Secretary of Agriculture, and hud
in tho lust Congress the Speakership),
it bus never been recognized by eitliei
of the great political parties for a non
Inatiou to tho Presidency or the Vlc
Presidency.
'I'. Ttrk..sw.r..i t Mint.
Presidential candidate from neighbor
ing Nebrnsku, tAvlce their Vice Presi
dentiul candidate from nelghborlni
Missouri, twice their Vice Presldontiu.
candidate from neighboring Illinois, tin
States AVhich make tho western, south
ern and chief eastern boundary o
Iowa. But from the State of Iowa it
self no candidate for President or Vlc
President bus come in u Democrat!
national convention.
On the Republican side tho failure U
nominate an Ioavuu bus been equnllj
mnrked. The HuAVkeyc State has vo
ted in turn for every Republican can
didate for the Presidency since and In
cluding Fremont, but though it bus
long line of Cabinet appointments
Klrkwood, McCrary, llnrlun, Hntton,
Belknap, Wilson, and SIiuav It bin
never received n nominutlon for Pres
ident or Vice President. Tho most
natural expiation is that Ioavu bus nev
er been considered a doubtful State.
Chicago Inter Ocean.
JEWS ARE MADE GENERALS.
WHERE NATURE SPORTS.
L
OBEYING OUDEUS.
During tho Avar Avith Spain '17.000
soldiers wore at one time cumped at
Chlckninaugu UAvnlting orders for the
invnslon of Cuba. Some of the regi
ments were made up of the finest and
.most earnest young men of the com
munities from Avhich they came. The
exigencies of camp life necessitated
duties with Avhich they had been un
familiar. From one cavalry regiment
two young men, cultivated, wea.iiiy,
mid graduates of colleges, were detail
oil to assist In horseshoeing; and so
faithfully did they do their Avork Unit
within a month they Avere able to
muke us good u horseshoe, and shoe u
horse us well, us men avIio hud been
trained to the trade from youth.
"It avus not exactly what we hud In
mind when we enlisted," said one of
them, "and it avus us near the battle
field as wo ever got; but it avus our
way of serving our country then, and
we tried to do our duty."
A harder duty still wns assigned to
mother until in the same regiment.
The major detailed him to keep the
ppriinentul canteen. Not only avus he
1 intul abstainer, but ho avus opposed
to the canteen on principle, and In his
toiivcrsatlon with his comrades had
trade no secret of his looting In the
natter.
He hotly resented his assignment to
this hateful labor, and cauld easily
have risen In rebellion 11 1 wliut seemed
u gratuitous Insult to hM well-known
principles. But he said to himself that
the responsibility for his assignment
to the tusk rested wit li the major, but
the responsibility for the way in Avhich
he performed his duty avus his own.
So he took up the unpleasant Avork
amid not a little curiosity on the part
of his comrades concerning the Avny In
Avhich he Avould obey the major's orders.
"1 Avlll give you the beer If you Avant
it," he said to the first man who asked
for a drink of beer, "but I have smoo
thing better here in the finest lemon
ade to be found In camp." Removing
the cover, he disclosed a generous ves
sel filled to the brim Avlth rich lemon
tide, tt nd u large lump of ice In the
middle. It avus too tempting to re
sist, und the lemonade was purchased
Instead of the beer. Before noon of
the first day his lemonade avus known
throughout tho cnnip, and the run upob
the canteen avus such that he avus kept
busy making more, und he took pains
to keep the quality up to tho mark.
Tho major came by and siiav how he
avus conducting the pluce. but he nils
ed no objection. The men of the regl
nient uniiortood the reason for sup
plying, the lemonade, and although at
first there had been some disposition
on the part of the roiu'ht r ores to
nmko merry oe.' Mu ir conitoi table
situation in which the young man bud
been plnced, even these came to ad
mire the spirit In which be obeyed or
ders, and they milled to his support.
When his duties ut the cunteen Avere
over, ho was found at the camp
Young Men's Christian Association,
helping in the religious Avork of the
regiment. But the popularity of his
lemonade proved so groat as to de
mand a sternly supply of It, und in
proportion us tho lemonade avus con
sumed, the sale of other drinks dimin
ished. The young soldier had obeyed his or
ders, and performed a tusk Avhich his
soul despised, but ho did it in n Avny
that helped to give ills regiment the
reputation of being one of the soberest
and most orderly In camp.
Mechanism ol' (iiiHolino Engine.
it can bo understood to Avhut u nice
ty the mechanism of a gasoline engine
is adjusted when it is stilted that to
make 1,000 revolutions a minute means
that In a four-cycle engine there aro
R00 sprays of gasoline forced Into tho
cylinder, !"i00 times the electric battery
makes a spark and ROD times tho es
cupe valve Is opened to let the gas out.
Too Muuli to E.xpooL
Brookolelgh I don't knoAV what
time It Is.
Aseum Isn't your Avatch running?
Brokololgh I don't think so. I
could hurd.y expei-t the pawnbroker to
keep It wound up. Philadelphia Pi ess.
Queer Things to He Seen in the Bay of
Trieste.
Around the head of the Gulf of
Trieste, In the southern part of Aus
tria and extending ucross tho bnse of
the Istrian peninsula, is a plutcau of
limestone Avhich presents some peon
llur phenomena, says the Ncav York
Tribune.
Full-groAvn rivers issue from its side,
disappear under other hills, to reappear
later at some distant point. Mysterious
springs rise through the bottom of the
Buy of Trieste, in time of heavy rain
fall bubling up Avith a violence sulll
clout to endanger small craft. In the
heart of Chorso Island, Avhich is in the
middle of the Gulf of Quurnero, is the
Enke of Vranu. It is surrounded en
tirely by bills and lies In a basin said
to bo -15 fathoms deep. The level of
the water Is reputed to bo at least 40
feet belOAV tho level of tho sea ubout
the Island. It has no apparent 11 111 u
out or etlluent, yet the AA'iiters lire nl-
Avnys fresh and cool.
It is believed the lake Is fed by
some BUbterrunonn passage, leading
out under the bay from the Istrian
Alps, possibly from Monte Muggiore
Itself. Some dlstnnco to the north
Avurd Is a hike which disnppears for
Aveeks at a time. This sheet of Avator,
known as tno i.aue ol .iriviinz, is
ubout four miles long und from two
to three miles broad. Villages, chap
els and castles aro retlected In Its avu
tors. Frequently In July, although not
OA-ery your, the avu tors begin to dis
appear, and In August the bed, RO feet
belOAV tho surface at some points, ut
times gradually appears. From 20 to
12R days nre required for the entire hike
to be dlscburged. When the bod Is re
veuled the peasants plant crops of bur
ley Avhere only a short time before
they Avere driiAVIng their nets. Tho bod
remains uncovered sometimes for
mnny Aveeks. The peasants gather
their barley and hay from the bottom
In tho meantime. Then, Avlth n rush,
tho waters return, tho basin being re
filled sometimes In a period of 21
hours.
Tho limestone which forms the bed
Is perforated Avlth n vast number of
caverns and fissures. Nearly 110 of
these uro visible. They nre RO feet
deep. Tho peasants give them names
such as the Kettle, tho Sieve, etc
There are 2S openings Avlilch drinv
Avutor off, only 12 of which both druAv
off and discharge avu tor. lhoy conne. t
Avlth caverns and subterranean pas
Two Receive Signal Promotion in Aus
tria 11 ml One in France.
The Austrian army has received tAVo
Jewish generals at the same time, says
the Israelite. Eduard Von Sclnvoitzor
bus been appointed general of the In
fantry and Naval Constructor Siegfried
Popper atvjis raised to the rank of a
general, tho first case In the Austrian
navy. Popper was born In I'raguo
in 184S, is a graduate of the tech-
nical college In Carlsruhe, und bus
boon in the service of the nuvy sinco
1871.
General Von Schweitzer is a native
of Hungary, enh-rod military servicft
as"u plain soldier in the Avar of ISOO,
studied aftorwnrd in tho cutlet school,
avus made lieutenant and distinguished
himself in the Bosnian Insurrection of
1S7S. Being admitted to the military
nendomy, ho becuine stuff olllcer, colo
nel of an Infantry regiment, and is
now raised to the rank of general.
. 11 ... rt....n....t..i.t.,.i.A 11-.
onschrlft, this is supposed to be tho
first case of a .lewish general in Aus
tria. There avus reported, hoAvever,
some time ago the appointment of an
other .low, licncrui A on forges. Ho
may, hoAvever, have been converted to
Christianity before.
A French Joav Colonel Valabroguo
bus been appointed chief of the cab
inet of General Andre, the French mln-'
istor of Avar. This extremely Impor
tant promotion, of course, produced a
spasm of furious excitement in tho
anti-Semitic papers. They declare that
Franco and the army have been be
trayed to tho Jews and that Vala
bregue Is cousin to the "traitor Drey
fus." "From to-day," exclnimod tho
Libre Parole, "Vulubregue Is the real
head ,of the army. Wo shall soon seo
him minister of war and Dreyfus chief
of the general staff. He Is also tho
cousin of General Naquet, that other
Joav, avIio, in a certain measure, Is
grand master of artillery."
Character Analysis.
"He is 11 great -deal of an optimist,"
said one bright girl.
"Yes," unswered tho other,' "und an
egotist as Avell."
"Cnn one be both?"
"Certainly. He. Is cheerful bocauso
ho firmly believes that the Avorld can
not go wrong so long as he lives In it
and looks out for it." Washington
Star.
Noav up und up, when you take a
good look at yourelf In tl6 gl.153,
d -n't .vim tli 11 v, -Well, Pm not such a
bad-louking t'e.low?"