JTf
I
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t
AFKA 1 ItS OF STATU.
The President Trnnsinitr, His An
" nnal Message to Congress.
'Urj-eit nn Kxtciislon or Powers or National
llfiiilm mill I'r in for llin Hold
Ktiimliitil .Untnllllnii In.Netv Colonl
ill Pon.i'Mtlon Iltndt Upon.
Wnnltiiiffloit. I l'u. fi. I'renitleiiL M
Kinhiy lo-dtty tnincmllU'd tho follow
ing niusMifjo' to lliu Mfly-sixth con
fn:nH:
'I'o (In) Hcnnlc iihI House of Itupitmcnlntlvc:
At thu UiiohIioIiI of yi ur flollbortilli.iis you uru
cullfd li inotim ulili otirvnmlr tmii tli(ili:itli
of Vffti President llobiut, wlio pamd from llfo
on (ho woridii of N. uiuberiill IiiM. Ills good
OUl HOW M'HtS III I'tcllllll pOIICO M ptlVlltU
lift' wiw pill i' mid eleiiited. while H.s public
olreor wiik i'vit dlsl iigidsheil Iiv large cupiiclt.v.
. hIjiIm'.ich Ititcrrltv. mill exulted uiollirM. Ilu
' tins In en icinovid from thohUhouicu which lio
Honored Iiml dimmed lut bin lotty chuvuetor,
llin devotion M iluty, Ills honoslV of purpose.
unil inihlo tlitnes remain wltli us, UN a priceless
legacy mill exiimp.c.
A in 1 lift Countri's Ountltlnti.
'I'ho Flft-slxtH congress nui'vcnoH In Its Mrt
rrgiilnr mission with lh(rouiilry In n condition
of tmtisuiil piusierlty, of tinliersul good will
ntnuig the propln at homo, und In rchillohsof
lourn mid fitciulshlp with uvory government of
Miawotid. Our foiol' n commerce has shown
Krctil Increase In loltiiiioiind viiluo. 'llin roiii'
Iilticd lmjioilHiindoxporls for tho ywir am lliu I
lnrrcirt over xhowii In u hIii Id yo.ir In nil our
ttltttory. Our c. 'orts for luwi iiH.nu cxci-eilcd by
iiioro (hunll.o ii.uo.I.imi our Imporls mid oxporls
ivmililntM In IH (I 'I h Imports pci cuplu uro
CO jir cent, lens thi'ii In iM.O, whllo Iho uxporli
fwrrupttu mo Ml per cent, moic than In IM7.
jiliowln llin ( nliirccd nlU"llv oi' tin; United
JiUitcH to Mitlf.lv tlie wanlHof IIh own Itii'ieaH
Inu (lopulutlon. im well un to vontt Itmtc to thoso
of Iho people of oilier Minimis
Kx ports of u;Mli'iiltural products wer' T7HI,
770,142. Oi tmitiufiictiircd pioductN wu exiiortcd
In viiluo S.HIJ.W.',! lit, beliu l.irer ih in unv pre
vIuiih year. It is u milcwortliy liiot Ihul tho
enly yearn In all our history when thu products
Of our iiiiintlftiutorlcH Hold abroad were IHJH and
(AM. (Jovcrumcnt receipts ft out all s, unci's for
t)io flKcttt year ended .tune Hi, IW, IiicIiiiIImk
ll,7Da,:ill 14, p.irt payment, of th'i (ivitr.il l'u
clllo rallroiiil lnili)bt"dneHs. iikki'iu tt'il Sill '.WJ,
tfOl.ns. Otisioms recelptH wore SM'i,l2Ml.7.',
and ihciMi from Internal r'-M'tiui'. b!V..i 17,10 Jii.
For tho lineal ,ir thuexpendlluieM wi,rtifti',
C.t,rnf.iir. leavlni; a delleltof ni.lll.-.MU7. 'I'ho
nscctetury of thy tro.isury e.stluiatiiH Hint the ro
cclpts for thy curtent llscal jo.ir will nituroKiito
0lll,lirit,na, and upon tho basis of piem-nt ap
propriations tho tixpunillturos will ui-c'k;iIo
4(I.HM'fiH,t lU, leaving u Hiirplus of ?l , ki '.id i.
Kor tho IlKcalyimr untied .luno IP, 1HWJ, tho
Intormil rovenuu to olpts wnro Incro.iNcd about
tMiHI.OiiO.ooa. Thu prcHunt irratlfyliu,' NtroiiKth of
Iho treasury Ih Miowu by tho fiua that on Do
ccmbor I, IK'.i.), tho avalliiblu cash b.ilituco was
r:78,0.1,B3r.7.', of which 3::,7II,0 fi.au wiih In
rolil colli nml bullion, Thecomlltlousof coutl
denco which prevail Ihioimlioul the country
ditvo brought i.'tiltl Into mum j;cncrnl iimi ami
icuslotim recelptH aio now almoNl eutliuly paid
fn thai coin.
Incronsotl nativity In liultistry. with Itu wel
xouio utteniliuit. a hircnr I'lnployment for labor
nt liluhur wiikiw lv's to the body of tho peoplo
u lurKur ) lower to absorb Hit) circululliiK me
dium. It is fuilher trtiu that jear by year, with
'lariter uroas of laud under cultivation tho In
crctiHliiir voliimi) of aKrluiiltural prodiuits, cut
flii, corn and wheat, calla for a luruer voluuiu
of money Htipply.
'I Im Nutltiiiiil IIiiiiUIiii; Aet.
In Its earlier lilslnry tlie national liaultlni; act
reumed to provo a lOascniiblo avenue through
v lit eh needful additions to iho circulation could
1rdlii tlmo to tlino bo iimile, CliamdliK cuudl
'tloiiH luno appurtuitly rendur.,d it now luopora
tllvo to that und. Ti.uhUth tiuiruln In IuiihIko
. curlUe.s rciiilreil, icsultliu; from liiruo l'lrcmi
ttiuiN which covurnmenl bonds command In tho
market, or tho lax on nolo Ihsuo.s, or both oper
utlui; tok'i'tlier, appear to Im tho lnlluencoH
which Impair Uh publlo utility.
Tho attention of congress Ih respectfully In-
vlted to this Important matter with lliu view of
tiftct.'rlnlnluK whether or not Midi reasonable.
tnodltlcallotiH can bo iniulo In lliu national
(latilcluiT act uh will render Its servico In the par
lUcularH huro roforrod to inoro rosponslvo to tho
iIKJoplo's uoeilH. I aKaluiiniulhat national biinltH
iJh) authorlod to or;uuUt) with a cap I nil of tli,
000. For the (luld Htiiuditril.
n urKCntly recommnnd that to Ntipport thu ox
IrIIiik cold Hlandaixl, and to maintain "tho par
ity In vahio of lliu coins of thu two metals (k'olil
and Hllvur) and thu eipial power of evury dollar
utall times In tho market and In tho payment
ot debts,"' tho heuretary of tho treasury bo
j:lven aildltlonal power and charued with tho
Uuly to soil United Stales bonds and lo employ
fcuch othur I'ffrrllvu mtinus as may lio necessary
Ho theo ends. Tho authority hhould tucludo
tho power lo Hell bonds on loin; und short time,
4is conditions .may require, and should provide
for a rate of Itituiost lower than Hi t ll.ed by
Ihoaclof.lantiary II, IS.v Wlille there Imiuw no
comiiiutclal frlrjht wlili'h wit diaws nold from
(io i;oviirunieut, but, on Hie contrary, Mich
tvlde.spicad conlldcneo that uold M'Oks the
treasury deni!iudln' paper motiev In oxcIiiiiiko,
yol iho very hltuatluii points to tho picKutil as
llio most llttlu.'J tlmo Id miilto tulctiunto provl-
ilutt to liihure the coutlnuuucoof tlioKold stuinP
aril and ot public conlldcneo In Hie ablllu and
4iurpohOf Ihojiovernment to meet all Us uUll
gallons In tho money which the clvlllz il wurhl
tvcoKiilos a tho best. The llni.iic ul transac
tions of tho i.'overiinieul luo conducted upon a
4rold liasls. Vu receipt yold w hull we sell United
-fitutos liondit und use koM for their pivm.'nt.
Wo imi iiiiilniulniiiK tho parity of all tho money
Issued or coined by authority of the mivoni
inenL Wo niu didnu these ihIiiks with tho
iiiciusnl hand. HappDy at the present tlmo wo
.aro tint compelled to ic.sort to limns to hupplr
iftolil. 11 Iiiih been douu In the past, houover,
itintl may havo to bo doao In the future. It be
hooves us, therefore, to piovlile at oinv thciiest
inoaiiN to meet tho t'iueri,'eiic.v when It arises,
dud I Ho best means aie those which aro tho
jiitist certain and Vcomiinlcal. ThusO) now mi-
. thor7.cd havo tho virt.uo neither of dliociuessor
icooiiomy. Wo Havo already cUmlmicil ono of
itho cmisosof our llniuul.il plUht imd'cmhttr-
iciiKMiient during tho.yeais IHM, IM1!'. IMn i.nil
IttUrt. Oiir"iecolptH noV tiiunlour o.pendltures;
' flcllclenl rcvuaiies no lmu'oi crcatu ulaim l'.ei
nth ruinovu tho only lemalnla causo by confer
rlui? tho full niid' noM"ss.iry power on tho seero
.nry of tho treasury ami impose upon him tho
dduly lo ii'iliolil thu presi'iil i.'i'ld stamlaid ami
jirfACrtfu tho coins of the two mattdsaui u parity
twlili each other, whle i .is the repeatedly do-
dared Kitliiy i f Iho united Slates.
In (his connection 1 iepe.it m fornler reciun
"iiieiiilatluus thin a pin Hun of the cold holduics
hhall bo placed in a tiust fund from whlOn
itrttttiliacks.shall be redeemed iiiu presenta
tion, but when ouco redeeinud shall iiJl theru
iiftcr bo paid uui except for oil.
fur it .M.'i elmiit Murine.
Thu valip of an Aniurlcan luerchant marhio'
'to tho uvtcnslou ot our commorciul trade and
llinhli'tiiKthonlnu ' four poft'or up jii t:o sei In
vliojj tlio imiiutll.uo iifilon.of couiiross Our
natitnal duploimieiit wfllbu one-slde.l and yn
iiatistactury so Unix iis-ijio louHirk.ililu uruwth
.of our Inland ltuluslilimMiun,ias uifaciiutw,
,vnletl by ;oijt0h oil ho stnu-. There Js iu luck
of tonstliuti nil I luuliwtayforHHilii.iiloii whli li
shall rite tu llif miiiliy maritime stiiHigin
eomtm iiMtir.il' with " Mistrial .chlcvemi Ms
mul Willi its rnnk among Ilu- nations of the
Lllllll.
- i In Trul iiml Coinlilimllnii.
Tin lti.iinlrliil omnilslon, created liy tho
nit of llin cngre-. d June ly. Ism, has been
wigiigcd In ixiendid Flemings upon the ills
puled quern lop Invoiud in the subject of toiii
blniitloii In loitrnmi f tmilo ami coinpi'tltlon.
Tln havHiml yut I'omp oiiil tlii'lr InvmtlKn
tlmi of thlH hiiliji'cl, mill lliu cftii.'lim'oiw nml
nf i tniin wlaUi Iih ul whlrh thoy may arrlvo aro
ut'ili'tiTinltli'il. Tin- Mjbject In ono Bivlin? Hub
nrnhcrmnliMii.ln th imuira und I
vor cnuMi anil i-xlmtof llin Injurli to.l
to inn
varliit
Iti- imlillc which iimv ii'-ult f.-om hvrtfo oomlil
liulloiii ronccnlriitiliif tnoii) or Irs titituiiroim
i ntfii rU'M i ii.l I'niiilillKhnn'iitM. whli'li unjvl
niiHty to dm formation of thu roinhltiatlon wuie
cnrrlcil on Ki'imrntoly.
It U unlviimally t'oriwMcii that pomiiiniiuciiiH
which iMixroNH or control thu inarhrt of any i
pHj-tltMiar Idnil of iiiL'rrhiitiilUi) or commoillty
mcii'Miiry lo t lit itPtii'rul cointiiuiiiiy. ny up
).iuhhIiu ntiliitiil mid onllnnry nnnpctll.ton.
whi'icby prlcoi urn miiluly cull itircil to tho
wniTiil (onsujimr. urn ulinoxIniiN not only U)
thu common law, hutulo to th) puh Ic wolfurB.
Thi'ii) must boui'incily for tho ovlls Involved
launch oriraiilitlons. If tho prmrnt law can
bo I'XtiMulcd morn ciirtalnly to control or check
tlifwi tiiomip iIIuh or trusts, It hIiuiiM b done
without dolny. Wlmimiir puwi-r tho oonKre
Hmnsf,t'N uVcr this most IniporUut sulijuct
hhoii'd bo promptly iiei,rtiilin,d anil assi-rtoV
An act to protect I rutin und commoruo Ji.iltist ;
unlaw ill louruinis ami moniipiiiuji wnsiunwu
by lotwriHH onlhi'iM of ,luly, )rW. The pro
vbilcntior this Htaliitoaiocornprohrnslve ncd
Mrlnifcnt. It ilcclnri's tvery contract or coci
blmKlon, In Iho form of it trust or othor-
..... . .. -i
wlsc, or coiiHpirucy In lliu ri'strulnl of tr.wle or
commi'rco umniiu tio mivitu! htutt's or with
forolun nations, to bo unlawful, it denomi
nates us a criminal anv person who make any (
hiuih contraetor ohkiikus in unv ucii lomuiaa
Hon or conspiracy and p.ovldos a punishment
by line or ImprlMinmimt. 1 Invests the elrruU
courts t;f tho United Htate with Jurisdiction to
piovent nml restrain violation of tho act and
limit" It tho duly of the wvcrnl United Slates
district alli.rii"VN, under the direction of the
attorney general, to Institute pn-eerdin.'s in
eipilty to prevent and i estnln suoh violation.
It further confers upon any imrson who shall
be Injured in his business or property by miy j
person or corporation by
re.isoii vi uiiviiinif
forbidilen or declared to bo unlawful by the act
Hit' jiower to sue therefor In any ilroult
court or Hid United Stales without rep-ctto !
tho amount In lontmvorsv, and to lecover throe- '
fold Hie damages by lilm sustained and the
costs of thu suit, IncliidlUK reusonublo attorney i
fees. It will be l er. elvul Unit llx) act Is nlinvd '
at every kind of I'umb.uat'on In thu nature of
a trail or niuaop ilv in restraint of in.orswle ',
or lnleriiatloiul commerce.
The losecii'ili ii bv tho United States of of
fenses under the aet of ,M)i has been frequently
resulted to In the federal court and notable ef
forts In tho i est r.ilnt of InUTstato commrce,
such as the TrausmlsKourl Krt'UHt association
and the Joint Tnillle tiHLi'liitton. havo boen
sttccessfull ojip'ised and suppressed
MnUi l.ii.'l-liillou llillili;lH lie.
Tho Ktato llsliitlon to which l'rosldoni Cleve
land looked for n:l et fn m tho cvI'.h of trusts
has falU'il tu accomplish fully thatobjent. This
Iirobiblv Is duo lo a cru.it ext'iit to the fact
thai different statos I ike dlfforcnt views as to
tho proper wav to ills rlmlnate between evil
Injurious combinations mil t'uisu associations
which are benellclal and necemary to the busi
ness prosperity of the country. Tno Rre.it di
versity ofl treatment in different stales aris
ing from this cause, nml tho Intimate rela
tions of all parti of thu eiuntry to each other
without roiriirdlm; slat) lines in thu conduct of
business, have mailu thu enforcement of slate
lawHtlinicult.
It Is app irent that uu'.firmlty of legislation
upon this subject in the k ivor.il si ites Is inuclt
to bo desired. It Is to lio hoped Hi it hujIi imi
foimlty founded In n wise and just dlscriinl
nutlon between what Is injurious and what is
useful ami necoss'irv la business operations
may lie obtained, and th it moans uiav bo found
for tho couuress v llhlu the limitation of Its
rouKllltillonal power so to supplemental! effect
ive code of Ntato liuisl.itl in as to make a com
plete syHtem of laws throughout tlie Uirtod
Stuto-i adequate to compel n Kenoral observance
ot tno salutiry rules to which I havo referred.
I'niiir- ih" .Mi'iinmuii Caiiiil.
The Nicaragua canal commission which hml
been cuiMUcd urou tho work of examination
mid survey for a ship canal route across Nica
ragua, h ivIiik comploted Its labors and madu
Its ruport, was dissolved on May lit, und ou .luno
II) a now commission, known iih the Istliuilate
canal commission, wiih ormiul.d umlor the
(rrms of tho act approved March It, I8W. for the
purpose of examlului; tho American Isthmus
with a view todoturmliihu; tho most practicable
and feasible route for a ship canal acruiis that
isthmus, with Its probable cost ami other es
sential details. Hood progress has bran made,
but under the law a com.irohenslvo nml com
plete Investigation H called for, which will re
lulto much labor and considerable time for Its
accomplishment. The woik Will bo prosecuted
us expeditiously us possible and a ruport in ule
at the earliest practicable date. Th Kreat Im
portance of this work cannot bo too often or
toostroiiKlv pressed upoa the attention of tho
oiu!iess. In inv tnessau'o of u yoaniKoIex-
yressed my views of tho necessity of a canal
which would link Iho two ureal oceans, to which
I iiunlu Invito your iMusidurutli n. Tho timsous
then pioseiiteil for early action avo even strohuer
aow.
Our Inler.ists In Cliliiit.
In vlow of dlsturnanoeii In th'ip ipulous prov
lucos of northern I'lilnu where aro iiianv of
aur citizens, and of the imminence of disorder
near tho ci pltal und tof.u 1 th" Hi'itliiiard, u
tuard of nun lues wiW lundei' u Ibe Huston
mil st itloucil durluu last . Ill'1 leuatli u
onipouud at i'eklii . l. . me rottoratloii of
arder this proteelion wW Wllll.lr.t"Ji. The In
terests of our cilPous In tnat vast empire have
not been tieiilivtcd dm liw tho past .tear. Ade
quate prmeuilou has b )un sucin ed for our mis
sionaries mid noiuo Injuflos to their property
tuivu neen ledrcssed,
Aniurlcan capital bus s in jHt an 1 found varl
ous opportunities of comtiotltii! to carry out the
Intel mil linprovouieiits which the Imperial iwv
rtimcnt It wisely eneoui'mjlnf, tin I ti develop
iho natural rosouroe.s of tin emplie. Our trade
with Chin i ha uotttlnuud to crow, and our com
ineiclal lights under exlHtlnc truatlus have
been every where maintained 'durlni; tho p ist
year, as they will bo In tho future. The ex
tension of the ixrax open to International
foreluu settlement lit Shamthnl nml the opening
of the ports of Nankins'. T.stuc-Tun (Klao
j Cliao) ami Tu-Men-Wan to forclu'.i trade und
settiemi'iit will iioubiius. aiiom American cn
lerprlbi) a Idltlonal faolllttos anil new Holds of
which it will not be slow to take tidvutilucd.
In my inrss-iico to cohkics of Dccoinhor f,
I Ul'H, I urced, that tlie recommeudatl. u which
I had been tu ulu to the sHul;cr of tho house of
retireseutattvo by the secretary of tho tieas.'
ury on the nth of .lim. 18 h, for mi approprta
tloa for u commlsiloii t'o'sliury tho roiumerclal
und Industrial conditions In the t'tilnis.' miplro
titid repult us to the i pportiinltles for, and ob
stacles to, thu enliircenieiit ot uiarkeis In China
for the raw puuluCts mid munulnatures of the
United .Stales, should lecelvolit your hands.the
cunslilenitlou which Its Importance and tlmoll
iuss'un.'rteii;i)ul Hie cous'iess falleti to taKo
actlp'.i. . ' . .
I mut ronew this recoinineml.itlon, ns thu Itn-
f portan o of tlio subject has steadily crown sluco"
It. was tlrt sabmlitud to you, ami nfl tlmo shijuld
bo loit in studyltix for'ourhelvoh tjio losourcus
o'f this iruu Iltrfd fflr'Ainerlcan trade und ciuur
prlsut .
i tiiiim i rr i.. limn
I l'rrpi' .iUkim fi't (hn lulu u.' rli, nut
pruilii I- . f .'" ''ullvl Htm.--. i ihf ttrhl h i'-
jkwiII 'i i. i ' ii vn r.iru ii vi n-iir it'iiiunii1
jlinniiii' r !(' .iilc.':Mpri it - 1". Uiilliki
ti ilu' ii i d H" iippii'ilrtll. ii t'i Ii1ih1 (i imii
Kiis. uti I ! tli-. friendly Hiinr-I .! l''roiirli
jiA'Tiiin ni '.it- vhonn In furtlii ilni? ulyploil
ixhli'it of Aiii'-rliMn jiriitfnH-.
Thi'ti" hiw iwrniiUot im lo (h rnltfil Stutnt
n ciiilili,Mil'l twtilltlon of up uf. which, vrhllo
plucKiK nur coiuilrf In the llrit rn ntnanic
pxhlliliors. d"'" iwt HliBliw to ini-fl tho Iihtciin
Inulv in, rut clcmiindi nf our mtiniifttcturuni.
I'h" rffurtH nf tfiu conittilirl'itior nnur.il uii)
M.ly lln-il lowiinl Mrirtly rpirn.oiiUitl-o
llpl-if of nil that in.wtclmriiflrNiU-al.i-murlM
uml most nilnqiliit'.'ly hows ibe uxcullunoj of
iur niitiirul prmliicllonH.
riitimiint lli'lx I Ion Willi ('riiiunv.
Our trlntlciii with Gunhimy contlnuo to ho
mmi iHirtllal. Ttf UicrtMln.' lntlninur of (llni t
aAiwHlatluti hn been marketl d irtni; tho year
by thf Jtruntlnir pt'rmlslon in April for tho land'
Inir nn our shorv of a cable from llorkiiin Km.
den. ou thi' North fi3, by wv i'f the Azotiw,
and a I mi bv the cohcIuvIoo on epteuitHr '.' of n
pttrculo pwt ewnventtoo wMh ta- Uvnutui cm
pii''. In all that fttmtMtt oU'T rOlattuhs o:
ItitorcourM and coaaMtrt aad Ootter uadyr
stHtrtllmr bnewtssa two rttti a1ntf so many
trult.v in wmmoo. vii'iuiaaj ca bo u.vsurvd ot
tho most cordial cc-cfi,'gato: o.' thb icoveru
tnent awl pcopl'-. W aaajr 6 nvuls ia innny
patlix, but our ritIry t.HtM rtorous nr.d
own. ever auxuai towwM im .altant o!
i.r ..... ...ults ad tk mu'i txwrdrlnl iuI
vwHcem-n: of tw Ua M 9bm x Its twpootur
aduptubihJy.
ik Tr-!)! W
Thl . unn-:: kw nanri i d aa atlle
y. nfutra i: ia :V amtii.!.' s atirsI.btvnrs
jlreat Ur.:n tai tft B rr :- of Africa.
We have rratili tU:aft to Uw precept of
" ' ' - :
noidia eaMOttUftx aUtaarin i w afialrs w;
, otff (Urvrt
Eb4 eireuawtaaees wt-
I (Mted tt Um poxtie-s to t& tiuarrel wtfukl
I are we.eoaetf aay kladtr exprv-shm of ?b
op of the AmfntM people tiit war mbrh; tM
i verted. rxi omoen mya3A iiav beea rlaJiy
, .fndered. The UttteJ State prei-estatire a;
I'rewrli ura early instructed s) $e that all
aevitral AmerWan latis be rc-ipcet4 by the
1 sjtnbatants. This ban beea aa e-y tas in
i rlc-.v bt the potttre deelaratt as oa both Hrit-
jh and Iioer authorities tka. Utt fe.-sooal and
property rifhu of oar citlMOi shottkl be ob-
served.
Upon the withdrawal of the Dritlsh aceat at
Pretoria the United Status consul was author
.zed. upon the request of the British govern
ment and with the asneat of the South African
md Oraniw Free State governments, to e.ier
:te the custom irr rood oCSoes of a neutral tor
ihecni-eof British interest. In the discharge
, )f this function i am happy to say th.itab'indant
; ipportunlty has been aCordt-l to show the lm
I ;rtlal.tv of this jtoyernment toward both the
.ombaunt t.
I Want C'.ble to Innllu.
, The Jnpunese government has shown a lively
Interest in the proposition of the I'acitlc Cable
, ;ompnny to atid to .Is projected cable Hues to
Hawaii. Guam and the I'hlllppnot ti branch
connection with the const of Japan. It would
i no u trratifyimr consummation wero the utility
i M the contemplated scheme enhanced by brlnif-
ni; Japan and tho United States Into direct
lylecrnphlc relation. Without repealing the
)bvrvnllons of my special messMcuof I-'cbruary
IC. I-9J, conceminK the nfcessit, of a enblo to
Manila, I respectfully Invite attention to It. I
recommend that In case the c in tress should not
Hike measure to brint nbiut this result by tho
Jlreet action of t ic government, the postmaster
uneral be authorle I to Invite competitive bids
for the establishment of a cable; tho company
maklnc tho best responsible bid to b ) awarded
tho contract, tho successful e mipuny to clvo
tiuplo bonds to Insure tho completion of the
1 work within a reasonable tluie.
Th- Problem In Culm.
I The withdrawal of the authority of Spain
Ironi tho Island of Cuba was ulTccted by tho llrst
1 af .January, ho that tho full rc-ustnlillslunent of
i peace found the relinquished territory held by
i us In trust for thu inhabitants, niulutaiuliic, un-
I Jer the direction ot tho executive, such covom
ment and control the
L-reln as should conserve i
the productive conditions
. '., .... ,,. i i, in,..
, public order, restoro
af peace so Ions: disturbed by tho Instability
ami disorder which prevailed for the creator
. putt of thu preceding lliroo decades and build
I up Hint tranquil development of tho domestic
I state whereby nlouo can bo runllctl the hich
purpose, us proclaimed In tho joint resolution
l Adopted bv tho confess on tho Itith ot April,
I ISOs, bv which thu United Statesdlsolaim"d any
I opposition or Intention to oxerclso sovorelcnty,
luniiiiutlou or control over Cuba, except for tho
I pacillcatiou thereof, and asserted Its deterinl-
nation when that was accomplished to leave the
I irovernment and control of tho Island to its peo
i pie. Tho plcdco conttili-.ed In this resolution Is
i if the hlchest honorable obltcutlou und must bo
nieroiilv kept.
I 1 believe thut substantial jirocress has been
i made In this dire -lion. All thu administrative
measutes adopted In Cuba havo aimed to lit It
for u lecenoraf'd uxlsionco by enforcing thu
siiprciniun of law and justice; by placluc wdiur
vur piactlcuble the nmcli'nerv of udinlilistra
llon In thu hands of thu Inhabitants; bv instl
tutliiK neeilid ninltary leforms; by stueiutltic
Jducutlon; by fosturlnc Industry and tradu. by
inculcaiiiu public morality und. in short, by
taklnc every rational st(.p i aid tho Cuban peo
ple to attain t that plane of self-conscious ru
stled and solf-rellant unity which llts an en
llcliteued community for sulf-ovornment with
in Its. own sphere, while euabltuc ll to fulllll all
'jutward obligations.
'l'hls nation hns ussumod before tho world a
ftviiM) lospoiistblllty for tho futttro cood cov
inmentof Ciihu. We have ucccpted n tiust
the fullHlment nf whtcu cads for tho sternest
Integrity of purpose and tho exorcise of the
liWiost wisdom. The now Culm yet to nriso
from the ushes of th past must noeds bo bound
tons by ties of slncular Intluiaov und Htron.th
if Its endurlnc welfare Is to bo assured.
Whether those ties shall ho organic or conven
ttomi', the destinies of Cuba are In soiuorlxlit
ful form ami manner inevocably linked with
our own. but how or how far Is for tho future to
determine In the rlj em s of events Whatever
be tho outcome, we must see to It that free Cuba
Do u tealltv, not a name, n perfect entity not a
hasty oxper tnent heaitnc within Itsoif tho o o
meats of fniluio Our mission, to accomplish
which wo took up tho waff's of buttle. Ih nut to
uo fulillled by tut nine mtrift nny loosely framed
:omtmi!i wealth to fare the vicissitudes which
too often fitt"lul weaker states whoso natural
wealth and abundant resources mo offset by tho
incoiiirujltes of their political orcanl'.utiim and
the recurrlnc occuslons for internal rtvnlrlos to
tiip-thelrstreii-'th und dtsslpatu their energies.
I'ho urentcst blcsslui! which can come to ( uba
,s tho rvstoinlluu of her acrlcultural und itidtis
trial prosperity, which will ulvo employmeni to
idle men and le-eslablls'a tho pursuits ot pcaicu.
I'his is her chief, and Immediate need.
Iiv the treaty of peacxi thu Spanish pooplo on
11)0 Is iiml "have until April II, 1U '0, to elect
whether they will remain oIIIzbus of Spain or
Decojno,iitl.eiisorCu,bi. Until thou It cannot
Un dollultelv nscertiilncd who shall bu entitled
W pavllelputi'1 lu the formation of tho cov
iiitneni of Cuba, lly that. tlmo tho .results ot
die census will Ime been' tabulated, and wo
duUl pnwoil to piovlito for elections which
will commit the iiiimlclilal uovornmonts of thu
Island to the i.ttlier elected Ijv tho people. Tho
xpoiletu'o thus- ncqiured wl.ll provo of crout
va.tio in the formation of n niprosontatlvo ein
veatloiuif the pviple to draft. Iv cointltutluu
jjnl estubllsh a cone.'iil sjstum of Imlupttiploiit
ovo'tnmetit fur tao Island. In iho meanUmo
ahdst lona as' wo exerclsi. control over t)o
Island Pie products 'o.f CiiUa should Hvo a
market'lu the Utdted StalBstfti us i;ood turm
. it ml witu ait f ivornjil" inti's of duty as are clvou
I to the eat Ifidta 11 hi Is under PhmIIcs of ro-
clproclty whle i mil be made.
niieeriiliii: Our Snliliri't uml Sitllnr.
' Since tnvlist nunii.il message and InoVedl
! dice to the nets of the um r s.s of April 2! and
I ."ii, l-vs. the reifialninii v duateer force Unlisted
fnrthespniilshwnr. eotisistmcof 3I.S3I teulars
and II i. 'Jo.' volunteer, with over .1,0 0 volunteer
oiHcerfl, hits bi"n dlsch ire 1 from the military
service. Of the volunteer, dl? ofll -ers and 1 1,
i.ll men wore servlnc In th l'lilllpji.nes uiull,
tlfiti of tlie reuulnrs, wh were entitled to be mtis
teiod out after the rntlllcal. on of the treaty of
liice. They voluntsti lly remnltie 1 at thu front
until their places could be HI led by now troops.
They wero returned home In tho order In which
they went to Manila, and arc now ull of them
out of tho service und In the: ranks of citizen
ship. I recommend that tho convress prmldo
a special medal of honor for the volunteers,
nvuhirs, snllors. and murines on duty lu tho
l'hlllpplnes, who volun'mily remained In tho
service aft t their terms of enlistment had ex
pired. Hy the act of Mnrcli "ISii'J, conuress Has nu
thurlty to Increase the recular army to a inuxl
muni nut exceeding 0',xi enlisted men und to
enlist n forco of :n,'H) i olunte'.'rs. to Ho reontlted
from the country at larv;e. lly vntuuof tills au
thority tho regular army Hih been Increased to
the number of di.vtw enlisted men and .-iH olll
eers and new volunteer rtMltnent.s Have been or
ganized aK'reimtlni? 3I.DVJ eullste I men nml
l,tV)!loaicers. Two of these volunteer reslinents
are made up of colored met), with colored lino
oWcers. The new trtntivs to tnko the placo of
those reiurnin fro n tht I'hlllppltics h wo bcun
transport d t Manila t the number of 581 olll
een and J.irf enlist t men of the regular urmy
and oO.vri aai O.Sct enlisted men of tho
aew -oiuau-er force, while ail officers ami U,-
U aeo o.' the volunteer fore are on th" ocean
m route t Mntlt. Toe for.'e now In Manila
coi:.s vf i vftte-.Ts and 3.i regulars and
9H - r4 1X3 of the volunt'ers, innUlnc
aa a-ntn.ate of l. ofttcer und I.'iDiW men.
beti tfc trKs now under orders shall reach
MaatU. Ih to. -M In ta :trv.ilpt..i,i will com -prtxfi.
At ofB-sfr and t).t$: ma. Th? muster
out of .ae.cr-at volunteer arm organized for
the Spanish war and th ere itlen of t new urmy,
the traa-portaMon fr.'in Man! a t San Francis
co ot these en lit ld to dis Hur-e and tho trans
portation of the new troop to take their place
have been a work ot emit magnitude well und
ably done, for which loo much credit cannot be
ptven the war department.
During the past year we have reduced our
fore- in Cubit and I'ortj Klco In Cuba we now
' have 34 oittcer und ll),(Wti men; in t'orto mm,
37 OCleers and .'.sVi enlistctl men ami u battalion
of IU0 men. composed t.f native I'orto l.ic-uis;
while stntloaetl throughout the United States
are Old oRKcrs and I7..I17 men und in Hawaii, li
onicers and 4 ii enlisted men
The operations' of the urmy are fully present
ed In the report of the secretary of war. I can
not withhold from om.-ers and men tho hlchest
commendation for their soldierly condu t In
I iryln situations, their willing sacrltltos for
1 their country and tho Interest and ability with
which they erfortned unusual und dllUcult du
ties In our Island lMjssCvsions.
In the orgunl.ution of tho volunteer regiments
authorized by tho act ot March -, lfcO'J, It was
1 found that no provision hud been made for
chaplains. This omission was doubtless from
I Inadvertence. I recommended tho early au-
. thuriz.uion for the appointment of one chap
lain for each of sal.l regiments. These regl-
I mnts nre In tho l'hlllpplnes and It Isimportaut
j that Immediate action be taken.
Postal Affairs In the Colonies.
I In restoring peaceful conditions, orderly rule,
and clt 1c progress In Cuba. Porto Klco, and, so
I fur as practicable. In the l'hlllpp ties, tho re
habilitation ot postal survlcu has been an Im
portant p-irtof the work. It became necessary
to provide mail facilities both for our f rees of
occupation and for the native p ipululiuu. To
mu't this reiiuliemeiit has inv dved u sub
stantial reconstruction, 'ibe existing systems
wove so fragment irv, defective and Inu.lequato
that a now and compri hens e organization had
to bo created. American trained ollkials havo
been assigned to thu dlructln,' and executive
possessions, while niiivos hav) b"on chlelly
employed In making up tho b sly of tho forco.
In working out this plan tho merit rule has
b riBorousiv lllld raunrmiy applied,
, . ,' ",
Doiiinsilo l'osliil .s.-rvlen.
Tho domestic postal servico continues to grow
with extraordinary rapidity. The expenditures
nml the rot entii's will each exceed $lu i O.O'HJ
during the current ye ir. Fortunately, .since tho
revival of prosperous tones the revenues have
Clown much faster thuit, the expenditures, and
there Is every Indtcalt m 'that a sh irt period will
witness obliteration Of tho annual dutlelt. In
this connection tho report of tho postmaster
general cmht.d e.-, a statement of some evils
which have crown up outsldu of tho contempla
tion of law in the tiuiitmeiit of some classes of
mull mint r which wrongly exercises tho privi
lege of pound rate, and shows t uit if this mat
ter had been properly ckissllietl and had paid
tho rate which it should liuve paid. Instead of a
postal delicti tho last Usual year of 40,01 0JiJ
tlieto wotld h ive beun on one basis u surplus of
i7,0J7,r?u, and on nnotherof .7.J.N.W. Tho re
form thus suggested, in Iho opinion of thu
postmaster general, wuuld not only put tie
I ostul servico at oueo on a self-sustaining
b isis, but would permit great and valu
able linii'ovements, und I commend tho sub
ject to the o itisideratlon of coiwiuss.
The Oiii'-i .mi i,r I'iiiiniiiii.
On thuilOtli of June, ISJ), tho pension roll of
tho United States numbered til,.-lti. These In
clude the penslnners of the urmy And navy In
ull our wars. Tho number nil led to tho rolls
durliw tho year was I i,9j, Thu numb t dropped
by reason of death remarriage, minors bylo.al
limitations, failure to claim within three years
and other causes w is I ;, ltd. and tho number of
claims dls.ulowe I was iu.,lii7. During tho year
tt, hi pension certitlcatos were Issued, of which
:I7,iT7 were for uotv or original pensions, 'i'ho
amount iilsburscd for army and navy pensions
during the year was ti.tti.lt A. J U which was
TijItUril.tii less than tho sum of tho appropria
tions. Tho (1 rand Armv of the li'punU' nt Its vo
ct)nt national encampment held at I'hll i lelphla
has brought to mv attention and to that of con
gress tho wisdom tuid justice of a modification
of the third section of the act of Juno 27, MM,
which provides punsluns for tho widows of
ufTJeers and unlisted men who surved j dnys or
inoro during tho war of tho rebellion nnd wero
honomHIv discharged, provided thut such
widows aro wit limit other means of support
than their daily labor and were reman led to
tlie soldier, sailor or marine on account ot
whoso service they claim pension prior to tho
date ot tho act.
Tho present Holding of tho department Is that
If tho widow's Income asldo from herd illy labor
does not exceed in amount what her pension
would bo, to wit: ifJtl pir annum, sho would bo
deemed to be without other means of support
than her dally labor, and would bo entitled to n
pension under this uct, whllo If tho widow's In
come, independent of tho amount receivod by
her as the icsult ot her dally labor oxceerts JDfl.
sho wou d not bo pension ib o under the act. I
am advised by tho eommlsslunor of pensions
that the amount of thu Income allowed beforo
title to pension would bo barred, has varied
'widely under diftorfltit administration of tho
pension anvo us well as during turcorontpertoiiK
of the same administration, nnd has been tho
cuuso of Just complaint und crit eism. With tho
approval of the -secretary .of the Interior, the
commissioner of pensions rucommends thut. In
order lo mnkotho pracdeo at all times' uniform
unit to do justice to the dependent widow, tho
amount of income ujloued lndopondorlt of tho
pn feeds of her dally lalur should Ixt ntn less
.ban t ..YMwrnnnuin; and he urgethat congress
hall so umonJ thu act as t j porinU- the pouleti
Men4 ui t'.-ant pen.slouafe o status, to wldewj
under tho text of the third section of tho act ot
Juno 27, 1 MM. whoso income usldo from tho pro- .
ceeds of dully labor Is not In excass of !." per .
annum. 1 ld1ivt?tlils to In u .simple not of Jus
tice nnd I heartily recommend It.
luor it I.iirger Nitty.
I hetirtily cojictir lu the recommendations for
tho Increase of tho navy, as suggested by tho
sccretnry.
Protecting tint I"nret.
Protection of the national forests, Inaugu
rated by the department tif tho Interior In 1807,
has been nnusiti during tho past year and much
Has been accomplished In the way of preventing
forest llres nnil tho protection of tho timber.
Tlierenro tiowlnr.'O tracts coverlid by forests
which will eventu illy be reserved mid set apart
for forest iisos. Until that can bo done con
gress should lnctasu tin appropriations for tho
work of protecting the forests.
Market for Kami Product..
Markets nre being sought nnd opened up for
surplus farm nnd factory pr duct in Kuropo
nnd In Asia. Tno outlook for tho education of
young fnrmnrs through ugrlcu'tuml college ox
perimunl stations, with opportunities given to
speclullzo In tho d-'purtmunt of agriculture, Is
very promising. Tim pooplo of Hawaii, I'orto
lllco und tie Philippine Islands havo been
Helped by the e.stabllNiitn"nt of experiment st v
tlons to It more sclent Uo knowledge of tho pro
duction of coffo", India rubber nnd other trop
ical products, for which tlioro Is a demand in
the United Stntes.
There Is widespread Interest lu tho Improve
ment of our publlo Highways at the present
time, nnd tho department of ngrlculturo Is co
operating with the peoplo In each locality In
making tio best possible ro-ids from thy local
material and In expurltiuuting with steel
tracks.
i'ho All-AlHo-blng Philippine OneUlon.
On tho 10th of Doi'tmibsr. 18D8, tho treaty ot
peace between the United States mid Spain
was signed. It prtivlded. utiung othur things,
that Spain should ccdu lo tho United States thu
urehlp" ug kn nvn uh the -Philippine Islands;
that th'i United Stites should pay to Spain the
sum of S. 0.0)) IK) J. an 1 tiint tho civil rights nnd
political status ot the native Inhiibltati is ot the
t"rr torles they ceded lo tho United States
should bo determ.n-d by tho oju,ress. The
treaty was ratdld by tho semite on tho OtH of
February, lSvti. and by tho governmnnt of Spain
on tho HUH of March following Tao ratlllca
tlons wero exchanged on tho 11th of April and
tho treaty publicly proclaimed On thu iJd of
March the uongrosss voted tho sum contem
plated by the treaty, nnd the amount was pild
over to the Spanish government on tho 1st of
Mny.
In this manner the I'hllloplnes came to tho
United States. The islands wero ceded by the
government of Spain, which Had been In undis
puted possession of them for centuries. They
wero accepted not merely by our author
ized ci nimlsslonurs In I'm Is under thu
dliectlon of the executive, but by tho eonstltu
Uonul nnd well considered action of tho repre
sentatives of the people of thu United States in
both houses of epngr ss I Had every reason to
believe, and 1 still believe, that this transfer of
sovereigns was In nccordanco with the wishes
nnd the us)) rations of the great mass of tho
Filipino p 'oplc. From the earliest moment no
opi irlunity was lost of assuring tho peoplo of
the Islands of our ardent desire for their wel
fare end of the Intention of this government to
do everything p isslble to sidv.inco thulr Inter-t-i
In my i ler of the lUth of M.iv. 183J, tho
commander of the military expedition dis
patched to tlio Philippines was Instructed tc
declare thut wu came not to make war upon the
peoplo of tlio oiuntrr, "nor up m any pirtor
taction uniting them, but to protect them in
their homes. In their employments und In their
p'l-timul und religious rights.
That there should liu no doubt ns to tho pira
mouut authority there, on the 17th of August,
It was directed Unit "there must bo no joint oc
cupation with th" Insurgents:" that the Uaited
States must preserve tho puaeuund proluct per
sons und property within Un tcrritirv occuplo I
by their military und naval forces; that tlio in
surgents and ull others must rec jgnl.o the
military occupation and authority of the
United States. As early as Deoombor 1, before
tlio cession and In anticipation, of that event,
the commander In Manila was urged to re'toro
pcaco and tranquillity nnd to undertaku tho
establishment of a beneficent government,
which should aitjrd tho fullest security for life
und property
On thu 21st of December, nftcr tho treaty was
signed, tho commander of tho forces of occupa
tion was Instructed "to announce and proclaim
in tho most public manner that we come, not as
Invaders and conquerors, but as frlonds to pro
tect tho natives in their homes, In their employ
ments uml in their personal und religious
rights."
Tho sumo day, whllo ordering f!cn Otis to seo
that tho peace should bo proserved In Hollo, he
was admonished that: "It Is most Important
that tliure should bo no conflict with tho Insur
gents. On tho llrst day of January. 18 D, your
general orders wero reiterated that tho kindly
Intentions of this government should bo In
every possible way communicated to tho Insur
gents." On tin 21st of January I nnnouncod my In
tentlons.of dlspatciiing to Manila a commission
composed of thro- gentlemen of tho highest
character and distinction, thoroughly acquaint
ed with tho oil 'nt, who, lu .issoclatlon with Ad
miral Dowoy and M.iJ. (Jon, Otis, wro instruct
ed to "fuji.lt ito tho most hum mo un 1 oileotlvo
extension of autlmitv throughout th- isun.ls
nml to secure, Willi tho least possible del iy, ih i
bmcllts of u wlso and generous protection of
life and property to tho Inhabitants "
These gentlemen wero Dr. Jacob Uould Schur
mnn, president of Cornell Uuivorsity; Han.
Charles Denb.v. for many years minister to
China, and Prof. Dean C Worcester, of tho Uni
versity of Mlcnig in, who had made a most care
ful studv of life In the Philippines. While the
treaty of peace was under consideration In the
senate these committees set out on tueir mis
sion ot good will and liberation. T.lelr char
acter was a sum ievu guaranty ot iho bcnotlce.nt
purpose with wlilih they went, even If they hud
not borne the positive Instructions of this gov
ernment, which made their errand pre-qmlnunt-ly
ono of peace nnd friendship.
Hut beforo their arrival nt Manllv tho sinis
ter ambition of a few loaders of tho Filipinos
nan crcmuu a situation run or embarrassments
for us nnd most grievous In Its consequences to
themselves. The clear and Impartial prelimi
nary report of the commissioners, which I trans
mit herewith, gives so lucid and comprelv nslva
a History of the present lusurreotlonary move
ment that tho story need not bo repeated. It Is
enough to sav that tho claim of tho rooel leader
that Ho was promised independence by any of
ficer of tho United States In return for His as
sistance Hus no foundation In fact and Is cate
gorically denied by tho vory witnesses who worn
culled to prove It. Tno most tho Insurgent leud
or hoped fur when ho enmo back to Manila was
tho liberation of tho lslanis from the'SpanlsU
control, which they had boon laboring for yuan,
without success to throw off.
Tho prompt accomplishment of this work by
tho American urmy und navv gave Him othor
Ideas und ambitions, and Insidious suggestions
from various quarters perverted tho purposes
and Intentions with which Ho had taken up
arms No soout hud our urmy captured Ma
nila than the Filipino forces beg.m to assume
an attitude of suspicion nnd hostility waich the
uiuiosi euoris ot our onicers nml troops wero
unablo to disarm or modify. Their kindness
nnd forbearance wero tnken as a proof of cow
tirdlco. Tho aggressions of tho Filipinos eon
tlnually Increased until llnally, Just beforo tho
tlma set for tho senato nf thu United States for
a vote upon tho treaty, an attack, olrtoutly
prepared lu advan o. was mndo nil nl at, thu
American lilies, .which ruultd ;n u terribly in
structive. imJ sanguinary repulte, of tho insur-
7
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