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About The Nebraska advertiser. (Nemaha City, Neb.) 18??-1909 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 1, 1899)
W h j l- t Til LI DREYFUS CASE. History of the Sensational Case Told in Chronological Order. lltMRovrry ut the "Leakage" of Contt- tlciitlitl Doo.iimcntx from Wnr Ilu- rcuu The lliirilcrcuu ami Secret Downier. LFKIiDDUFYFUS, captain in tlie Fourteenth regiment of artil lery in the French army, was at tached to the second bureau of the general stair, where future plans of mobilization and other military meas ures of rrcat importance are discussed, prepared and drawn up. For some time CAPTAIN ALFRED DREYFUS. (From a Photograph Tnken Ucfore Ills Deportation and Suppressed by tho French Government.) a constant "leakage" of these confiden tial documents had been noticed, de tectives had been employed' and Drey fus was under suspicion. On October 1, 1S91, he was suddenly detached from the war ollicc and appointed to service in the Thirty-ninth regiment at the Ecolc Militaire. On October 14 he re reived at his luxurious home near the Troeadero a summons to attend at the ministry of war, and he went there the next, morning, lie was received by Ma.j. du i'aty de Clam, who said that he was very busy and asked the captain to help him by taking down a letter that lie would dictate. There were other persons in the room who were strangers to Dreyfus, and a circumstance that only struck him afterward an ar rangement of mirrors by which his every movement and expression could be. seen by everybody present. Du I'aty then dictated to him the memorandum which afterward became famous as the bordereau. At one point Du I'aty sud denly asked Dreyfus what was the matter, and asserted that his hand bhook. Dreyfus replied that his hands were cold. Then he was left alone in the room and found a loaded revolver lying among some papers on the table beside him. Half an hour later M. Cochcfcrt, head of the detective police, accompanied by Commander Henry, of the second bureau, entered, and Drey fus was placed under arrest on the charge of high treason and taken to the Cherehc-Midi prison, all the time protesting his innocence. The order committing hint was dated October It, the day before he was arrested or ex amined. On October 2S n hint of the arrest was conveyed to one of the Paris newspa pers and the next day an ambiguous note appeared in that journal asking if it were true that an important military arrest hnd recently taken place. This set everybody talking, for in Franco anything concerning the army is con sidered of paramount importance. "Wild stories were afloat, and the excite ment reached fever heat when the news was confirmed on November 1, by the appearance of a brief official communi cation in all the papers. Dreyfus was kept in close confinement until Decem- MAITUE LAHORI. (Dreyfus Attorney Recently "Wounded by an Assassin.) bcr 0, when his counsel, M, De.inungo, was allowed to see him. On December 11) Dreyfus was arraigned before .the court-martial, which was hold in the Conseilde (iuerre building, opposite the Cherchc-Midi prison. Great crowds gathered to .ee him cross the street and shouted: "Death to the traitor!" The trial was secret and lasted until December 22, when the court found tli'e prisoner guilty and sentenced him to transportation for life, after being sub jected to military degradation... On the morning of January 4 the- condemned man was Ordered "to put on a. captain's uniform that had been spe- Hi miiWw- elally prepared by having the lace on the enp, the red seams of the trousers, and the buttons and trimmings on the tunic taken off and then stitched on again loosely enough to stay in place, but so loosely that they could easily be torn ofT. The sword that he was made to buckle on had been filed on each side about half way down the blade, lie was then searched, handcuffed, placed in a prison van, and taken by a military es corttothcFcoIe Mllltalre, where he was marched between guards into the cen ter of a hollow square of troops in the large courtyard of the school. He had already twice asserted his innocence to Capt. Lebrun-llcnuud, who commanded his guard. The morning was misty and rainy, and the courtyard was a Muddy waste, round which loomed tli.e build ings with windows filled with faces, while a vast, crowd that surged and pushed in the avenues without uttered loud and menacing cries against the prisoner. At exactly .nine o'clock the drums rolled, the troops presented arms, and the regimental band played a melancholy tune. The sentence was read, Dreyfus standing firmly with head erect, his .left hand resting on the pommel of his sword, .and his eyes look ing squarely in the eyes of (len. Darras, who commanded the troops. Then a gigantic sergeant tore the triple band from the captain's cap, the buttons from his eoat, the gold lace from the collar and sleeves, and the red stripes from his trousers. As the sergeant flung them on the ground Dreyfus threw up his arms and cried in a voice heard far beyond the limits of the court yard: "You are degrading an innocent man. Long live France" A roar of execration answered him: "Death to the traitor!" and the big sergeant roughly tore the sword belt from him, wrenched the sword from its scabbard, broke it across his knee, flung the fragments on the ground and stamped upon them. Then, amid howls from the mob without, the degraded officer, a grotesque and lamentable figure in DEGRADATION OF CAPT. DREYFUS his defaced uniform, was marched round the hollow square, protesting his innocence nnd crying: "Long live France!" while the drums rolled in or der to drown his voice. Finally, after being photographed and measured as a criminal, he was driven in the prison van to La Saute prison, and thence taken, on January 10, to La Itoehellc, where he was embarked for the neigh boring Ile de lie, on which is the prison wherein convicts sentenced to trans portation await their embarkation. Mobs nil along the route sought to nt tack him, and the guard of gendarmes had to struggle hard to keep their pris oner from being murdered. He was eventually taken to the Iledu Diableofr the coast of French Guiana. The chronology of this famous ca3e follows: OCTOKER, 1S0I Gen. Morcler. minister of war. glvos order aftor nn Investigation conducted by Commandant du I'aty do Clam to arrest Cant- Alfied Dre fus. This Is done by Du I'aty de Clam arid M. Cochofort. chief .of detectives. Capt. Droyfus Is lodged In tho Chcrch!-Mldl prison by Lieut. Col. Henry, who delivers him to Commnndnnt ForzlnettI, in charge of the prison. NOVEMIJEK. lSfll An Indictment Is found against Capt. Dreyfus by tho ofPcurs of tho bureau of information connected with the general staff. DECEMIJEK. lSl-Tho first council of war, assembled at Cherche-Mldl, unani mously condemns Capt. Dreyfus to de portation for life in an inclosed fortifica tion. JANUARY -I. ISD.V-Capt. Dreyfus Is de graded by Gon. Darras In tho School of war. F1CUKUA11Y, IMS-Dreyfus Is taken bv tho steamer La Itoehello to the Island do Ito, thunco to ho embarked for Devil's Island. MAY, lS?r Lieut. Col. Plcquart discover tho "petit bleu," successively attributed to Cols. P.mlzzardl, military attache of tho .Italian oinbaby..and Schwurzkoppcn, military attache, of the German embassy, and addressed to Commandant Ester hazy. Lieut. Col. Plcquart yomes to tho conclusion that Commandant Esterhazy Is guilty. SKPTEMHEH.. ISOG-Tho- Eclair publishes tho secret document-. "Cn canaille, do OCTOKER, 1696 M. Knrnard-Lazarc pub lishes his first pamphlol tending to show . tho innoconce. exf Dreyfus. NOVICMHEK. lS9C-I'ubllcat"j. of the copy of tho bordereau In Uio Matin. . M. Cr.s tolln. lepresontativo from the 'L'AImio district,- -interpellates Gen. Millet, min ister of war, upori '.the publication 0f papers eonnet;tid with tho trial. MAY, 1W7 First disputes- between Lieut. Cola. Plcquart and llonrv. ' JUNE,-1S97 Lloilt. Col. Plcqimrt takes Counsel with Mine. Li'bloh. JULY, 1S97 Mine.. -Loblols Interests M. Scheurer-Kestner, vice, president of the infm Mm- Bcnnte, la the caso of Dreyfus, who de clares on tho 14th to Ills colloagufis in tho Luxemburg puluco that Ito la "convinced of tho laaoconco of Dreyfus." OCTOMEH, 1897-M. do Castro, banker, be-, llovcs Hint ho recognizes In the facsimile of tho bordereau, onco mora published In tho Matin, tho handwriting of Com mandant Esterhazy. M. Kane, senator of tho Seine district, curries to tho lot by of tho chamber of deputies the speech de livered by M. Seheurer-Kcstner In tho senate, lie hns, on tho 30th. an Inter view upon this subject with CJon. IJIIlot, minister of wnr. NOVE.MHEK, lS97-IntcrvloV of M. Mn thlou Dreyfus, brother of the condemned, with M. Seheurer-Kcstner. Heglnnlngof tho campaign of tho Figaro In favor of a revision. M. Alnthlcu Dreyfus olllclnlly ac cuses Commandant Estcrhnzy with being the author of tho hordeieitu Esterhazy Is turned over to a council of Investigation. Commnndnnt Forzlnettl Is dismissed be cause lie stated to At Henri Kochefort that Dreyfus Is Innocent Search rf the homo of Lieut. Col. l'icounrt In Yron Vlllarceau street. Lieut. Col. Plcqunrt Is recalled from Tunis, where lie hnd boon sent on n-mission, nnd Is examined by Gen. Pollleux, commissioner of Investi gation In tho Esterhazy matter. DECEAIP.EK. lS97-Tho Dreyfus border eau, examined In 1&'.I by the experts Co hort, Pelletlcr, Charavny nnd Crcplux Janun, Is turned over to the papers In tho Esterhazy enso nnd Is submitted to a now examination by tlin experts Kel homme. Counrd and Varlnnrd. Interpel lation In tho chamber of deputies and In the senate; Gen. Wllot declares thnt "Dreyfus hns been Justly and legally condemned." Letter of Emlle Zola to tho young people of Franco. Tho docu- meats of Lemerclpr-I'lcard upon tho "factory of forgorlcs" of a syndicate (document themselves recognized as for geries In tho trial are published In the Intranslgeant. Call for a court-martial bv Gen. Satisslor to try Ks-terhnzy. JANl'AKY, 1S0S In consequence, of n re port by Commnndnnt Havury, Command ant Esterhazy Is acquitted by tho court mnrtlal presided over by Gen. Luxor and leaves the Clierche-Mldl prison on the nrm of his friend, Mlto. Mnrguorlto Pays. He receives an ovation In tho street. Lieut. Col. Plcquart lodges a complaint upon the subject of two telegrams signed "blanche" and "Sporanza." addressod to him at Tunis and Intended to compro mise him. On tho 13th Aurora publishes Emllo Zola's "I accuse" letter to the president of the republic. Lieut. Col. Plcquart Is arrested. The cha rubor of deputies votes the order of the day upon the motion of M. de Mela, tcprosontnt've of the Morlalx district, nccepted by M. Oucrln, minister of Justice, nnd demand ing that the Aurore bo prosecuted. Tho letter signed "Uhlan," produced by Mine, ile Hnulaney, and work of Commandant Esterhazy, Is delivered to M. Uo-tulua, examining magistrate Heglnnlng-of pub lic meetings of the revisionists In the IN THE SCHOOL OF WAR. JAN. 5. 1M3. Tlvolf-Vaux hall. Tho mlnlstor of war lodges complaint against M. Emllo .jla und against tho Aurore. Messrs. Zola, author of "I aocuse." and Perreu.v. pub lisher of tho Aurore, nro summoned. M. Jnures address this question toM. Mellno, president of tho cabinet: "Has or has not information been given to tho court-martial of which tho defendant knew r.oih Ing?" M. Mollne rofuses to answer. FEKKUARY. 1S9S - Formation or I ho League of Human and Citizens' KighU. From the 7th to tho 23d Hrst tral of Zola In tho court of tho Seine under tho pres idency of Councilor Delogorgue. M. Labor! defends Kmlle Zola. M. Albert Clemeiiceau defonds M. Porreux, and M. George Clemeiiceau defends the Aurore. Zola Is sentenced to ono vear in prison and a line of 3,000 francs; M. Porreux to four months In prison and a nno of 3,000 francs. Lieut. Col. Plcquart . plaeo'J an tho retired lLst. MARCH, IMS The revisionists provoho nn Incident in court during tie attempt of M. Jules Auffray, who prcclanns in lavor of tho Zola Jury, to nit hi hlmsolf heard. Tho Incident has no consequences. Sui cldo of Lemorcler-Plca'-d Duel notween Plcquart nnd Henry, liniilo Zola and the Auroro apnivtl on tho "Olh against tho sentence of February C.l. APRIL, ISOSAnniilnient of the s-ntonco ngalnst Messrs Zola and Porreux because, tho minister of wa- and not tho c-jiirt-martjal mado the complaint. This com plaint is nindo by tho court-marriui on tho Sth. MAY, 1SJS Second Zola trl.il before tho court of Versailles under tho ppMidori'-y of M. Perivlor. Tumultuous scenes i--sult when tno ..urt la deelaieJ to l.ao no Jurisdiction. JUNE. lMtt MlnKtor Mollne Is relieved from olilco and M. Krlsson appointed to form a new cabinet. JULY, 1S9S M. Cavalgnae, minister or war, alllrms In the . ham bur or deputies the guilt of Dreyfus Ills, speech is voted to be posted throughout France Ex-Lieut Col. Plcquart h prpseouted for having communicated papers of tho mluistrv of wartoMmo. Li-blols. Commnndnnt Ester hazy and Mile l.iysaronrrested upon the charge of having manufactured the "Klanehe" And "Sporanza" telegrams Third Zoln-PeiiPirx trial bofaro the court of the Seine iihI Ol.sodistrlct. Moth are hontonced, iis before, to imprisonment of Olio yexr .und n lino of 3,000 francs. Tho next day Zola disappears mysterlouyly On tho 23d his name Is erased from tho roll of the Legioi nf H.onor. Suit of AI. Plcquart Mftulvt Du Paty do Clam. Tire court of appeals sontonoes .Messrs. Zola nnil Tolr1iv t.. nnil llinnfli l.i .ilun. .....I ..- J. '... l' ....-- .-o"... .11, .I11JI (1,111 a One ot-S.OOd francs for dofnmaUon oftho ' .. , , u.-j ..' ..........T.j. u, uriiiiiit-,., orders tho prosecution of Lieut. Col. Du Paty do Clam to ho dropped. On the 1.1th tjsterhazv is Sot at liberty. On trie 30th Lltfiit. Col, Henrj'admlts to AT. Cuvnlgwic thnt he Is the author oftho paper "Cn canaille de D .'' Ho Is arrested urn! Im prisoned In" the" Mont-Vnhirlon. On tho next d.ay ho cuts his throat with a rasic uxpurm iiuiijoiMiiii', '-wuiira aru varl nnrd. The, defendants afso have to par . r.,000 francs il.imagos. tin thii'sotli AJ Mortulus, examining magistrate, renders a docls,lorf closing tho prosecution In lire KlariChd and Sporanza affair against Du Paty (l.e Clam, Esterhazy and Mlhv. -Marguerite Pays. 'Allnl'O'n 1tllC. Tii nlinmlw.. J ,1 ...:.. I .. . ! Oon, Kotsdaffre, chief of ntnff, Is dis missed SEPTEM11EU, H 8-Dlsmlssnl of M. Ca vnlgnue, minister of war. Gen. Kenou ard succeeds lien. IlolsdofTro, and lien. Xurllndcn succeeds M, Cavnlgnac. On tho Gth Mine.. Alfred Dreyfus writes to M. Murnnrd, keeper of tho seals, asking for a revision of the trial of December, I SIM, against her husband. Lieut. Col. Du I'aty de Olani suspended from active service. On tho 20th tho council of tho cabinet directs tho court of cassation to order a revision of the Dreyfus easo. Gen. 'ur llndon Is dismissed nnd succeeded by (Jen. Chanotne. Commandant Esterhazy Is dis missed nnd dlsnppenrs Immediately. League of Patriots Is reorganized. OCTOUEK, ISOS-Trouhle U a public meet Ing caused by Messrs. Do Prcssenco and Deroulede. Attorney Gonoral Mnnau lln Ishes his Investigation and demands revi sion of tho Dro fus case M Leow, pres ident of the criminal chamber, npnolnts M. Hard roportcr. Search of Zola a res- GEN. COUNT DE GALLIFFET. (Present Milliliter of War Who Insisted Up on a Revision of the Dreyfus Case.) ldoace and confiscation of a table to pay his line, 'ihu taiuu is sum lorlM.um) nunc. Ua thu 2.MH lieu, cn.iuoino is dismissed and tlui lirisson cabinet onus. Oil thu tfui-2-jth uisctisslou in the criminal ehain biir of the court of cassation upon the dumand tor ruvislou. NOVEMUEK, Ibyu. 'iho Dupuy cabinet takes olilco on tho 1st. Gen. Konouard is dismissed and lop.atod by Ilea. Krault. Tho criminal chamber decides that Drey fus Is to bo Intormea by tuiegraph of the demand for n ruvlslon and to bu notllled to present his means or defense. M. de Presseuco Is expelled from tho Legion of Honor. Tho court or cassation begins Its Investigation on tho 21st, and hears Gens. Kogot, Gonso, Holsdeltre, M. Plc quart and others. DECEMKEK, 18)98 Tho criminal chamber receives communication concerning tho secrot dossier from the minister or war. JANUARY, 1MI9-M. ljuesnay de Heauro palrc, president or the civil chamber or thu court or cassation, resigns. He Is re placed by M. Mallot-lleaupre. Tho crim inal cuamiier examines uu i'aty no Clam, Trarleux, Counrd, Kelhomme, Varlnnrd, Kortlltou, Gobert, ICsterhnzy nnd llano taux und firoceeds to cxamlno tho dossier of tho minister or war. FEKKUARY, 1S99-M. Kennult-Morllere, reporter or tho commission tor the pro cedure or tho revision, icports favorably to such revision. Discussion in the sen ate concerning a law to dispose of tho criminal chamber. MARCH, U99 The senato votes to dispose of this chamber and directs the entire court of cassation to proceed with the revision. The latter court examines again the secret dosslor. APRIL. lS99-Tho Figaro publishes the rec ord of thu Investigation of tho court of cassation and Is lined r.00 francs. Tho court hears Messrs. Leplne, Frystaotter, lioriuiou ana itngoi. MAY. isna-M.. Kullct-Koaupro finishes his report to tho court. JUNE. Ifi99-Paiil Deronlodo acquitted. Court of cassation decides In favor of Dreyfus on the revision. Esterhazy con fesses having written tho bordereau. JULY, 1S99 Dreyfus returns to France on the Cd. Governor of Dovll's Island dis missed for cruelty to Drey run. Esterhnzy rofusiw to tostiry before tho new court tnnrtlril which l to retrv DrnyfiiH. AUGUST, lisn -Now trial or Droyfus be gl'.s on tho 7th. August?, lSil'J, fhecourl-mnrtial held its (list session. The court was com posed as follows: Col. Jounust,. director In tho engineer corps, president. Lieut. Col. Urorgnlart, director of tho school nf artillery. MaJ. Do Mreon, of tho Soventh regiment of artillery MaJ. Proflllot. of tho Tenth regiment of artillery. MaJ. Merle, of tho Soventh regiment of artillery. Cent. I'nrfalt, or tho Soventh regiment or artillery Capt. Keauvuls, of tho Seventh regiment of nrtillerv. Counsel for Dreyfus were Mnltres Lnbori and Dcmange the latter one of EM ILE ZOLA. (The Man Who Compclh d the Government to Hear' Dnyfu.s.) . the most celebrated criminal lawyers in. France.- Alnj. Ca'rriere represented the government as Counsel for the pros ecution. F.urly on Monday morning, August. II, wli'rtc' Alaitre Labor), one of llrcyfris' nttorneys, waa'on bin wuy to the court, lie was s1io,t by iui ubbu&siu and seriously wounded'. : TII1;: KA.tlOt S I'.bltDEKEAlI. A el. tun ledtje'il to ' lie (lie ' Main Evi dence AualiiKf Mr' fin. ' The famous bordereau (memoran dum list), which is acknowledged to be the main' evidence against Dreyfus, was discovered in April, lfc'.M, among waste papers from tho (icnr.au embassy, in the particular department of Col. Count Kchwarzkoppcn, tho military attache, by ;eerct emissaries of the French gov ernment, who hnd bribed the janitor to surrender these papers. It is in translation as follows: In the absence of any naws Indicating your desire to see me, 1 nevertheless sontl you, sir, certain Information of interest: 1. A noto on the hydraulic brake of 120 (method of operating this piece). 2. A noto on the outpc' troops. (A few modlllcatlons will bo m.ide by thu new plan.) 3. A noto on modlllcatlons of artillery formation. A. A noto minting to Madagascar. 5. The scheme relative to the manual of Held filing (March 11, IS'.il). This last paper Is extremely dllllcult to procure, and I can have It at my disposal only for a very fow days. The ministry hns Issued a definite number to tho corps, and these corps are responsible for them: each olllcer Is obliged to return his copy after tho maneuvers. If, therefore, you wish me to take from It whatovor may In terest you, and hold It afterward at my dis posal, I will take It, unless you do not want me to make a copy la oxtenso and address It to you, 1 am Just leaving for the manouvors. According to Kslcrhnzy's voluntary confession, nindc to a London news paper, and repented since then, it wars he nnd not Dreyfus who wrote this bordereuu. Fsterhnzy slates that ho wrote it al the instigation of his su perior olllccrs, Intimating but not say ing so in so ninny words (hut (ton. .Mer ely r, then minister of war, ordered tho bordereau written. In n letter written to the Sieclc March 25, ISDS, Pauiz zurdi, military attache of the Italian embassy, relates that Count Schwarz koppen received the articles cnumcrnl cd In the bordereau, but was entirely unuwure of the existence of (he mem orandum itself, for it had been stolen before it reached him. THE HF.CMF.T IIOSSIEIt. Ueeoriln of the Trlnl Pi-enerved by llio Department of War. The secret dossier, which figures so prominently in the Dreyfus case, is n collection of papers belonging to thu wnr department and collected in con nection with the case. These papers are said to contain proof of Dreyfus guilt even beyond the borderenu. Tho latter was admittedly written by Kstcr lia.y. During the first Dreyfus trial this dossier (which in free transla tion would mean "record of the case") was submitted to the court-martial In executive session, not even Dreyfus' nt lorneys being permitted to be present during this examination. There are, all told, some 100 documents in this col lection. These papers ore examined in secret session, but Dreyfus' nttorneys' are present, so they may be informed of the record of the charges based upon these papers. Secrecy is demanded by the government because it is claimed that publication would cause compli cations with foreign gavenunents. The secret dossier has been in exclusive control of (he general staff up to tho present trial, and there is, of cottrsc, no saying what it may contain. Ho far the entire nasty Dreyfus mess "has shown so much corruption, conspiracy and forgery thnt (he vnluo of this se cret dossier is very problematical. GENESIS OF THE CASE. How Hie Web to Cnleh dipt. DrcyfiiH Vnn Woven. (len. Murder was minister of war when the French spy at thu German embassy brought to the secrot service of the French army the fragments of the bordereau. The report was re ceived by Col. I'aty dc Clam, head of the M'cret service, llo was a violent, .lew-hater. Ile appealed to Ilcrtillon, und (he mini who invented (he Ilcrtillou system for inensiiring and identifying criminals, following I'aty's suggestion who in turn reflected (ton. Murder's a;ii;a(iiy to (he .lews said it looked like Dreyfus' handwriting. It was re ported. Murder ordered that Dreyfus be arrested. I'aty de Clam tried to prcparo the case against him, It was not strong enough to suit Murder, and (lie minister of war secured a pleader whose skill was as great as I'aty's in famy. The anti-Scmitie parly and. press had doubts of Mercier, and cauglit" at thu first hint of Dreyfus' denial to charge the minister with trying to smother the ease because Dreyfus was a .lew. That added fuel to his flamev. and Mercier became the most vabicL foe of the imperiled captain. The press; rewarded him by declaring him the panigon of patriots. Yet he knew ho could not crus-h Dieyfus with the ma terial at hand, and he must aut at outitv. Ile rose at the first court-martini minister of wnr in the republic's cabi net and said:- "Gentlemen, there in MMiietliiug more. I shall rend you one sentence from 11 letter in cipher Unit home months ugo came into possession! of the ministry. You will coiuprehendl its source,, nil hough I urn not permit ted to present its context: .'Decidedly this hcouudrcl of u Dreyfus is becom ing too exacting.'" Ile had , wholly, deliberately changed the sentence, for (he paper from which lie' rend did not contain the name of Dreyfus, but t lies initial "D." only. On this bit. of ir rcgulnrly.submittcd, boldly perjured .bit of evidence the. judgcn Ipc-cd a de cision they had already formulated.. Furthermore, thnt scrap of paper iia Gen. Mcrder's trembling hand was im ,not cen the remotest manner .con nected with Hits alleged selling .oC , French army t-.eercts to Ihc Germans. It was a fragment from some inter-.-ccptcd .correspondence, passing, be tween. nttnehes of dilVereut embassies,, and related to matters even more in lumous, more unspeakable, than any treason of which Dreyfus was accused-. n . '