NOTES -w-iADOWBROOK
fv? , FARM
Keop the land busy.
Exnmtno tho owo's udder.
Turkeys are quickly destroyed by In
sects. Tho first crop of nlslko clover Is the
ono to savotfor seod.-
Mules are especially annoying and
frequently kill young colts.
Alfalfa cannot stand pasturing tho
first season, nnd never closely,
A dairy cow should bo allowed td
rest from six tn eight weeks beforo
freshening.
Whero dairying Is not practiced tho
MULES ARE MOST NEGLECTED
AND ABUSED OF FARM ANIMALS
In First Place It Should bo of Good Stock, Not From Scrubby
Marc, but Dam of Blood Brooding Qualities by
, Proper Treatment and Attention it Can
bo Made in First, Year Good
Feeding Essential.
SPRAYING FOR CONTROL OF .
INSECT AND FUNGOUS ENEMIES
Marked Incrcaso Has Been Noted VlthlnPast Decade Work
Largely Due to Work of Experiment Stations iti. ,
Demonstrating Effectiveness of Operation
and Profit Attending It
Some Injury.
Ducks ont many bugs.
Goslings must Jmvo free range,
Tho quickest returns nro from baby
bcof.
Exorclso Is onsontlal to tho bcBt
growth of tho foal.
You have somo things to loom aftor
you got an Incubator.
Tho best tltno to cut tho lamb's tall
and castrate In at ono weak old,
Calves mako.moro gain with aglvon
amount of food than does older stock.
Too much emphasis cannot bo laid
upon tho lino of cover crops in our
orchards.
Giving wator at Irregular tlmos Is
Injurious not only to chicks, but to
old fowls.
It Is seldom that tho very early
vnriotlcs of potatoos yield so woll as
thoso a llttlo lator.
Man's object In fruit growing is tho
production and Improvement of tho
odlblo portion of tho fruit.
Good ventilation Is essential; but It
should , bo so arranged that tho cows
iihall not bo otposod to a draught
Everybody knows that In July
woathcr cows glvo a larger amount of
milk than In cold and wintry woathor.
Ilulld a good shod to shelter tho
tools; It Is doubtful if you can mako
33 1-3 per cent, profit In any othor
way. ,
Thoro Is a boat tomporature, for
each Individual lot of cream, but thlB
can bo determined only by expert
enco. 1
Aro thoro any old npplo trcos In
your orchard bearing undesirable
Xrutt? Easy, to graft, good varieties
upon them.
Keep on good terms with the' ewes
no that you can catch and handle
them without, causing utiduo disturb
ancd In the pens.
There is no phase of the dairy bust
tieflH that net-da more study or more
careful management than does tho
breeding of the cow,
As tho time draws near for calving,
tho cow shouM be put into a comfort
nbte box stall, having plonty of bed
ding to keep hor dry.
The open swill barrel standing by
tho kitchen door. Is a dlroct lnvlta
tlon to typhoid, diphtheria and llko
dscases to enter tho homo.
Whon live stock prices drop it 1b al
ways the man who knows how to
make mpat at; tho least cost per pound
"who realizes the largest profit.
When tho fruit .buds come very
thick most people take It as a sign
of a big yield, but when fruit grows
too thlekly It must necessarily be very
small.
If the udder becomes hard or shows
a tendency to garget, apply unsalted
lard and give it a vlgoroous rubbing;
after which give the ewe a good dose
or salts.
Skim milk, which Is whole milk,
minus part of Kb fat, and whloh costs
only bait as much as whole milk, fur
nishes protein about four times as
cheaply as beef.
When (he cow is comfortable and
contented, she responds with a flow of
milk far Id excess of that which she
gives when she has been, uacomfort
ablo and irritated.'
Cherry rot or brown rot affects ail
atene fruits, including peach, apricots,
etc. It is by far the raost serious and
baffling ef cherry diseases to the com
mcrclal cherry grower,
Noyer feed hay, or sweep or In any
way stir up dust lust previous to milk.
Ing time, for this will contribute to the
Introduction of bacteria, which
tamlHates and Injures the quality of
tuo milk,
In dipping pigs great care roust
ha exercised to coyer every part of
iub wwy rrora tail to Bnout. If t
patch aa big as a thumb nail is left un
tcucued it may contain the nucleus of
a new crop.
At tho time of mating, if the owes
are put on an aftermath' or flush pas
ture, tuey are more aut to coma in
heat and tako the ram quicker, and
this brings your lambs in a shorter
time and the lambing la over with
more quickly than if they come alony,
calf will havo .also to pay for keeping
tho cow a yoarX
Twenty tons of stable manure on a
half aero Is about tho right proportion
for tuo garden.
Tho host broom corn la crown In
Illinois nnd Indiana. It rcnulroa a
deep, rich mellow soil.
Tho way to got a good milk flow and
he'd It through the year Is to give
good cows good caro.
It is cstlmntod that morn tlinn n mil.
lion fruit troos will bo sot out In Mon
tana tho prosont season.
Ainoricnn farmers htiv mnrn Minn
ono hundred million dollars' worth of
farm machinery ovcry year.
The way ho carries his hoad and
tall moro than nnythlng clso con
tributes, to stylo In tho horso.
A CAtlOn Will nnll nn i hn fnnrlnt
a - - - - "" w a 1 1 uv V IUI
about doublo tho prlco per pound that
Is
paiu ror uncaponlzed cockerels.
Examlno tho owo'n udder and tenli
cnrofully; seo that both teats aro
open or you may get a caked udder.
It lx tint nnniirrh ll.nl tm I..
- " o wju Dim uu
full-bred;, thoro must bo Individual
merit as well as bluo-bloodcd ancestry.
Whoro small runs aro used, scfnno
and sweep them beforo heavy rains.
Then turn tho ground over and sow
oats,
Keep a lookout for colds: It moans
roup, If you let It run. Use a llttlo
kcroscno and vnscllno and check tho
cold.
Of courso, tho fruit must havo more
or Jess shado, but nnturo will tako enro
of that aftor Intelligent pruning has
been dono.
Tho milker should bo clean In nil
rcSUOCtS. Iln fthmilil nnt iiha tnh finrn
ho should wash and dry his hands Juut
before milking.
Tho Shropshire shoen have been
placed rank one, the. Hampshlro rank
two, the Southdown threo. Tho Dor
set ranks fourth.
Location and demand govern to a
large oxtent the particular phase of
dairying practiced in tho various
sections of tho country.
Every orchardlst must ubo his own
Judgment us to how his spraying op
erations for tho control of tho codling
moth shall bo carried on.
Whoro cows aro kept in tho stalls
much of tho tlmo, tt Is not unreason
able to say that, tho barn should bo
light enough for onq to read In.
Don't neglect to crease tho
wagons that do tho regular work
about tho farm. Hard oil Is choaper
than horseflesh, and a lot moro hu
mane.
Cantaloupes should not bo Rrown
near squsBh. pumpkin or cucumber
vinos, as. tho pollen will mix, giving
tho cantaloupes a flavor of tho squaBh
or cucumber.
Peed that Is left In tho manRor over
night after being mussed over becomes
sour and should be romoved and tho
manger thoroughly cleaned beforo put
ting in fresh feed,
Lot the new-born calf stay In tho
stall or pasture with Us mother for
several days, and sho will let It feed
at times nnd In amounts best sultod to
Its needs in life.
During tho hot, dry summor, and Ir
fly time. It Is desirable to make dairy
cows moro comfortablo than can bo
done while they are running about and
gathering tholr own food.
Just how deeply the corn and othei
spring crops should be cultivated and
Just how long the cultivation should be
continued is a mat,tor upon which
farmers differ widoly in opinion,
Barley meal, low grade flour and
white middlings added to the mash aro
useful In preventing summer dtar
rhoeaa. Keep granulated charcoal be
fore the birds for the same purpose
Undoubtedly one of the most reimm
eratlve branches of the poultry busi
ness for tne average poultryman la
the production of crrb. comhlnM
With the sain of market broilers as a
side line.
- An open-front house wtth sloping
board roof and triangular board sldos
makos a good placo for tho pigs or
brood now lu, summer. Another good
hoghouBe for summer uso la ono with
the root only sloping two ways' and
both ends loft out This la protecting
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Prize Winning Jack.
Mules, much abused and neglected
animals, arc not generally Understood
by farmorsj A mulo In tho first placo
must bo of good stock, not an off
spring of somo scrubby mare, but a
moro with good breeding qualities,
writes Ed MoLaughlln In tho Iturnl
Now Yorkor. A mulo of tho mam
moth stock Ib supposed to bo tho best
mulo under nil conditions. Mules aro
cheaper than colts, for tho sorvlco foo
Is not gonorally ns high. Many poo
plo mako a mistako In working tho
mnro too soon nfter foaling. Nevor
work a mnro under ton days, then she
can do light work, but tho mulo must
bo loft in tho barn.
When the mare is brought Hn from
work never allow tho mulo to suck as
long as the mam in warm ah
mulo la two or throo weoks old turn
ii out in a Jot away from tho' mare,
especially at nleht. for
hard on a mnro, much more than colts.
Whon tho mule Is about two months
old ho may bo allowed to eat a few
outs, about a nlnt In h
IncrenBo as ho grows oldor, or tho
same amount of bran along with a lit
tle hay, alfalfa la preferred. At tho
nge of ntno months a mule should bo
wounou, not gradually, but nil at once.
Tako It away from tho maro and
nOVOr lot It SUCk nftferwnr,!,, u
should bo put by hlmseK or tied up.
A "mo you enn glvo hn car of
corn at n meal and a small amount pf
hay. Tho mulo should bo turned out
in -rnir weather and not loft to stand
In tho stablo.
A mulo should bo made linfnm Yin
Is a yoar old. This can hn Hnnn tv
good breeding and tho proper caro.
tt is not nocessary to glvo a groat
quantity of food to him during the
winter, but It must bo of thn klnri tn
koop him growing, Buch as alfulfa
DIRT THAT POISONS THE MILK
Tho difference between a clean cow
and a dirty one Is strikingly shown In
the, picture. The cow on tho right
had been running on pasture ton days,
sleeping out at night when the photo
graph wao taken. Naturally a great
deal of the filth sho had accumulated
In a vile stablo had boon rubbod oft
and washed off by the rains, but
enough remains to show that her milk
would carryv poison to hundreds of
gallons wheii added to that of othor
cowb In the datry, At the Illinois
Btatlon It was found that tho milk
from tho nverago, unwashed, un
brushed cow contained many tlmos
as much dirt as that from a perfectly
hay, sllago, some corn fodder, somo
corn and chopped food occasionally.
Oats aro very good, but very expen
sive food. In spring ho may bo turned
out on paBturo during tho day and
fed somo hay at night nnd morning,
because grass at this tlmo Is very
washy. As tho grass gets older Ieavo
on pasture, but bo suro to havo plenty
of shado nnd wator. A mulo should
not be broken until ho Is throo years
old, although many aro broken beforo
they are noar that ago.
With tho proper handling ho will be
found to be easier to manage than
horso colts. I always work them bo
side a good steady horse. Do not
work mules togothpr until thoroughly
broken, or you may have somo trou
ble After this tlmo he may bo found
to do moro and hotter work, than a
horse colt at tho same ago, that is you
can work him harder. When nt this
time you may say that a mulo Is
easlor raised and at less cost than
horso colts, In that they do not requlro
as &uch caro and loss- food to keop
them In good condition. Mulo colts
will bring moro money than an aver
ago horse colt, even though ho may
bo blemished In somo way. He will
sell when a blomlshod horso colt
would not sell.
Feed for Hens.
In tho laying pens we glvo warm
mash In tho morning, feeding very
carefully, Just enough to warm tho
birds; then we glvo greens, roots llko
turnlpB and sugar beets and alfalfa
hay. For iho main moal, at four la
tho ntternoon, wo give a good supply
of mixed grain, chiefly wheat in tho
Utter, and then wo always glvo them
moro than they can eat so thoy will
have somo loft over for tho next
morning.
clean cow. This is not guoss work,
as a glazed dish equal In szo to a pall
was hold under a cow's udder 44
'minutes, tho average tlmo consumed
In milking', wbllo motions similar to
milking wore mado. Tho dirt caught
in the dish was then carefully
wolshed, It was then found that milk
from soiled and muddy udders similar
to that Bhwn by the cow on tho right
contained from 20 to 24 times as much
dirt as from that from a clean cow.
Ghort Pasture.
Tho man who turns to pastliro too
early usually lias much to Bay about
short pasture all summer.
(By W. "W. DONNO, Main Agricultural
Experiment Btatlon.)
Tho spraying of economic plants for
tho control of Insect nnd fungdus-ene-mlcs
has markodly Increasod within
tho past decade. This is largely duo
to the work of experiment stations in
demonstrating tho effectiveness of tho
operation and tho profit nttondlng it
Great improvements In spray inachi
cry and materials have helped much
towards tho adoption of spraying as
an annual farm operation, and espe
cially Is this truo of the fruit growing
Industry. The progressive orchardlst
today recognizes the necessity of
timely, thorough nnd Intelligent appli
cation of insecticides and fungicides
in ordor to sell his fruit In tho best
and most profitable ranrkets.
Tho tncrenBo of spraying operations
has, howovor, been accompanied by
Borlous problems for the solution of
which tho growor turns to tho expert
montor. Tho ubo of bordeaux mixture,
for many years tho standard orchard
Bpray, nnd oven today recognized as
tho best all-around funglcido known,
ban been accompanied by injury to
fruit and foliage
Complaints of such Injury havo been
Increasing with each season and nro
not confined to nny section of tho
country. Tho sovorlty of the Injury
varies in degree and in different sea
sons. It hns long been known that
bordeaux mlxturo cannot bo used with
safoty on the poach and Japanese
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Lime Sulphur
perlor to concentrated home made
stock solutions whon. those aro prop
erly mado and stored. Tho former
are, moreover, considerably moro ex-
plum when the tree Is in leaf, although
Cordley and Cato report tbo uso of
5-C-60 and 3-C-50 formulao on pench
foliage without injurious results.
Commercial Hmo-sulphur prepara
tions now on the market aro not su-
Hydrometer and Cylinder.
pensive. At present prices of mate
Mai tho homo mado concentrato can be
made at a coat of one-third to one
fourth that of an equal volume of a
commercial solution It the materials
aro bought in quantity. ThiB does
not Include the original outlay for a
cooker and barrels for storage. The
commercial preparation Is a conveni
ence, requiring nothing but a knowl
edge of its donBlty beforo diluting.
Tho home made concentrato can be
mado at any time and It properly bar-
PROTECTION FROM CUTWORM
To protect tomato nnd other plants
from tbo cutworm, take stiff pupor
and mould it around a 3-iuch shaft
fastening the edges with small tacks
making tubes i Inches long. These
relod and kopt from freezing can be
stored Indefinitely. Homo made lime-,
sulphur can also at present bo made
cheaper than tho homo-proparod bor
deaux mlxturo, so far ns cost of ln-
grodlents aro concerned. Tho choice',
on grounds of economy Is, therefore,'
moroly between tho expondlturo of
money or tlmo nnd lnbor.
Homo mado boiled concontrnted
lime-sulphur may bo mado as follows:
Sulphur .' .....100 pounds
Llmo, best grade 65 pounds
Wator sufllclcnt to mako 60 gallons.
Slako tho lime, mix tho sulphur Into
n thin paste with a llttlo wator, add It
to tho llmo, add sufficient wator to
mako 60 gallons, bring to a boll and
boil vigorously for 30 to 45 mlnutos.
Tho sediment is Uion allowod to set
tle, aftor which tho clear dark amber
colored liquid is drawn off and may bo
stored in casks for futuro use
In making this solution a largo Iron
kottfo or cookor of somo Bort is noccs-,.
Bary. A stock feed cookor of largo;
capacity wllj answer. Klg. 1 shows n,
satisfactory form. Tho solution enrt
nlao be .made with tho ubo of dlrectj
steam, and this means has boon fre
quently employed when largo quanti
ties of tho material are made. !
With our present knowledge,' tho
strength of Hmo-sulphur to uso doJ ,
ponds upon its density. This may bj
determined by a cheap and simply
Instrument called tho hydrometer.
This consists of a hollow glass tube
Cooker.
Its lower end terminating in a weight
ed bulb (Fig. 2). Placing this' In a
liquid It sinks until tho liquid dis
placed equals its weight In light so
lutions, therefore, it will sink deoper
than in hoavy or dense ones. Tho
gradations to bo read aro marked on
the scale on tho neck of tho Instru
ment and nro in degrees Boaume, or
tn termB of specific gravity. Some in
struments give' both scales. Tho
Beaumo Is tho ono most gonorally
used. - ,
These, Instruments nro absolutely
necessary for tho proper ubo of lime
sulphur solutions.
Kohlrabi.
The kohlrabi Is ono of tho most
popular vegetables In European coun-.
tries. In America this vegetable has
nevor boon popular because yory few
people havo tried it, and, theroforo,
aro not familiar with Its merits. When
produced under proper conditions it
is moro delicate In flavor than tur
nips. This vegotable should bo plantod
In moist soil and tho plants thinned
in tho row so that they will not stand
more than six or soven inchos. The
rows, should bo about 15 Inchos apart.
If. to be cultivated wtth a, wheel hoe,
while they should bov28 to 30 Inches
apart If .a horso cultivator is to be
used.
Maklno Clover Hay.
My method la to cut It down nttpr.
the dow Is oft In the morning or lato
in tho afternoon. Beforo It gets very
dry I start tho tedder and run over it
three or four times with this machine
Lato In the evening J. put it up In tall,
alender shocks, which stand there
until next morning, whon it is hauled
into the barn and a largo quantity of
It put together tho moro tho bettor,
but It la not tramped in. If the
weather is fair I often allow it to
stand In the shock for two or three
dayB and it dries out in the shock.
't trotters Jjet sun cvfwirer
can bo placod around the plants as
shown in Illustration.
Pigeon manure Is imported' Into
England from Egypt .
in say two or three months.
and cool.