OntheBrifeof
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PEOPLE TALKED ABOUT
njmrsllili
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IIWIIJIMIllimil M
HE modern battleship In
A marvel of concentra
tion and space economy.
Thero Is no room for
things purely ornamun
tal, but every foot ot
bpneo Is used to somo
purpfcao In connection
with Uio storage or op
eration of the myriad ad
Junctu nocoBsnry for tho
work, tho sofoty ana mo
comfort ot the hundreds' of men who
crowd one of these floating fortresses,
If one were to choose, however, tho
ono section of n battleship which
above nil olhcra is n veritable neat of
wonders, and surprises chplco would
unhesitatingly fall upon tho "bridge"
that elevated structure which Ib bo
appropriately named and which ox
teuds tho full width of tho dock on tho
forward part of the ship In front ot
tho htiffe smokestacks, ns a "land lub
her" might designate H'rii location.
For puo thing, we find on tho
brldgo on even greater array than any
where olo on the ship, of thoso re
markable mechanical and oloctrlcnl
leVlccs which do po much of tho
work on shipboard thnt"vould soom
to roqulro human Intelligence. But
tf-.U urldge has-In addition-a npo
cl:U nlgnincnnco which multiplies
many times Its Importnnco and tho
Intorout of Its cqulpmont It Is tho
"norvo center" of tho Bhlp, tho seat of
nuthorlty and command which directs
all the operations within tho bounds
of tho big armorclnd, and also tho In
telllgenco ofllce through which this
warship ' community communlcntos
other vessels of tho fleet and, Indeed,
with the entire outside world;
Under ordinary conditions when
tho battleship Is cruising at soa, par
ticipating In battlo drill or target prac
tltso or engaged In any of tho other
Important functions of n sea warrior
tho captain commanding, tho nnvlgat
ing officer and othor responsible offi
cials of tho ship hnvo their positions
on tho bridge In tlmo of actual battlo
thoso directing hunds of tho fighting
machine would not cxposo thomsolvcs
on tho brldgo, but thoy would not bo
far away. Sheltered by conning tow
era or somo other protcctlvo scroens,
they would be as near na possible to tho vantage
points to bo found only on tho exposed brldgo
and from thoso substitute observatories Bomo of
thorn located directly behind or otherwise ndja
cont to tho bridge would dlroct tho action of tho
battling rnjorclad.
In order to tinnblo tho ofllcora on tho brldgo to
bo at all times closely In touch with all parts
of tho ship this elovatod promonado is mndo tho
nerve center 6f elaborate tolophono, telegraph
and slgnnllng systeniB that afford Instantaneous
communication with tho engine and flro rooms,
the ammunition magazines, all tho dlfforcut "gun
stations" throughout tho ship, au,d, in fact, ovory
Bceno ot activity Hint Jiaa part In tho complox
mission of ono of thoso groat fighting machines.
The tolophono system on a battleship is much
ilk the private tolophono systom in a groat storo
or manufactory, but with tho dlfforonco lhat on
, shipboard most of tho recolvers nro of tho pattern
which fit ojoso to tho bond, covering both pars
and strongly resembling thoso usod by tho hollo
girls In tolophono exchanges. This spoclal equip
ment Is designed to shut out disturbing jioIbos
and is very essential w"hon ofllcora and mon may
.be caltod upon to listen to telephone conversation
when tho guns nro ronrlng or against tho opposi
tion ot tho various distracting noises always to
1e encountered on shipboard,
Near the brldgo of a battleship Is tho wireless
tolograph" BtnUmT whlcH Ts ono ot tho nower yet
easily ono of tho most Important adjuncts of tho
up to dato battleship. However, the wireless tolo
graph Js not used for Interior communication
aboard tho battleship but solely for tho oxchango
of messages with othor ships and with shoro sta
tions. W'hut nro sometlmoB roforrod to as "tele
graphs" on shipbonrd aro not tolegrnphs at all,
as tho lay reader understands them, but nro
rather signaling systoms. Tho most common of
thoso communlcatlvo Bystoms Is that whoroby tho
prcssuro or a button or lovor at ono station on a
battloBbip say on tho brldgo will causo n print
ed command to suddenly appear In Illuminated
form In a distant part of tho Bhlp. For Instance,
the vhiovemont ot n certain lovor on. tho brldgo
of tho battleship will causo an illuminated Blgn
to Buddonly appear before tho eyes ot tho engi
neers, 'way dowri( bolow tho water lino, reading,
"Full Speed Ahead," or "Full Spood Astern," or
any othor command which It Is doslrod to glvo.
By moans of this method of signaling a command
can, It need bo, bo communlcatod simultaneously
to a number of different stations scattered
throughout the ship. Indood It Is by thla expedi
ent that tho captain ot tho battleship Insures unl
formlty ot action during target pructlso or In
battlo. In a twinkling ho can send tho command
"Begin flrlug" or "Coaso flrlug," or any othor In
structions to each and ovory gun crow acattorod
.tbroBgWout tho leugth ot tho ship,
t.
On tho brldgo,
likewise, wo And all
tho paraphernalia
for steering' tho
ship. Including the
great wheel, tho
electrical control,
tho compassos, tho
chart board, with Its
stores of charts and
all tho othor mo
chnnlcnl adjuncts
for keeping tho
hugo vessel on tho
proper courso. Hero,
.too, nro tho Booming
iy slmplo dovlccB
which now con
trol tho manipula
tion of tho hugo
searchlights porchod
up aloft on skeleton Btcol towors-a means of manag
ing tho BonrohllghtH which Is not only more rapid but
more effective than tho old plan of turning them this
way and that by manual labor. On tho brldgo, too, aro
no end ot signaling devices for supplementing tho
wlroless tologrnph in communication with other shins
or with tho shore. Thero nro Blgnal flags tor ubo wltn
various codes and with tho always usoful wigwag,
thoro aro tho Bomaphoro nnd Ardols ByBtoms for signal
ing at night by monns ot different combinations of rod
and white lights, and thoro 1b tho olcctrlc torch
for unofllclal messages.
Tho Amorlcan navy has boon tho most sue
coBBful mllltnry organization, from Its vory lncop
tlon, which tho world has over seen. That 1b a
pretty broad Btntomont, but It Is absolutely truo.
Thoro ard good rcaBonB for this.
In tho early dayB wo were a commercial people
Wo wero natural sallormon. Our peoplo lived
along tho BhoroB. Thoy mado tholr monoy In
commercial purButtB. Tho men who commanded
morehnnt Bhlps woro not only good Bailors; thoy
wero' good merchants, nnd tho foundations for
many ot tho great fortunes of this country hnvo
como from that Bourco, In order to protect thorn
solves thoy woro obliged to go armed. Tholr
Bhlps woro armed as woro privateers In tlmo of
war. Tho result is that thoy not only know navi
gation, but thoy know gunnery, and combined
with theso qualities tho intelligence which makes
great merchants.
Naturally, wlion thoso mon camo into positions ,
whoro thoy commandod men-of-war, thoy woro
equal to tho occasion, although thoy had had no
naval training. As tlmo wont on thoy acquired n
naval training, so that in tho later ware, in tho
early part ot tho nineteenth contury, thoy mot
ovory roqulromont, and In tho recent ware tho
graduatcB of tho Naval 4ncadomy havo boon equnl
to ovory duty which haa bceu imposed upon
them. Thoy havo mado a record ot which ovory
American citizen should bo proud.
The Amorlcan sallorrnan haB always boon effi
cient Thoy wero good men In tho tlmo of tho
no volution; competent men In tho tlmo ot tho
war of 1812. Thoy Uro bettor mon today than thoy
woro in those dayB, because today 95 por cont. ot
thorn nro Amorlcan cltlzons, and not a man is
Bhlppod In tho Amorlcan navy who has not do
clurod his Intontlon to become a cttlzon. Twenty
flvo yoars ago not moro thau 30 per cent, of our
men-of-war's men woro American citizens.
Tho Amorlcan navy haa boon successful bo
causo our ohlps havo always been ns good slnps
as any that woro built in tho world. Our merchant
men, In tho Revolutionary times, and down to
tho Civil war, woro tho host merchant ships sail
ing tho Boas. Thoy wore, no doubt, tho best
manned, nud thoy mado tho fastost tlmo. During
tho period ot woodon ships, when wo built mon-of-war
thoy woro of tho samo genoral character.
Qur mon-ot-war, gun for gun, wero oqual to, and
probably superior, to thoso ot any other nation.
Wo havo always been ahlo to shoot better than
mostjieople Go back to tho early tlmos, to tho
revolutionary war. Wo lost 24 mon-af-war, carry
ing loss than BOO guns, in tho Revolutionary war,
while tho British loat 102 men-ot-wnr, carrying
moro than 2,500 guns. Wo enpturod 800 ot their
merchant ships, and it lu not too niuch to say
that It It had not boon for tho damage caused by
ho Amorlcan navy wo would not havo
won tho Revolutionary war at all;
that Is, It might havo boon necessary
later to havo fought that war over
again.
Tho Bnmo rolntlvo skill prevailed in
tho Wnr of 1812. Our ships of tho
Bamo class wero superior to tho ships
of our opponents. This statomont is
confirmed when wo Btudy tho exact
figures. For Instance, In the Hornot
Peacock contest tho British ship lost
flvo mon klllod and 37 wounded, out of
a crow of 130, whllo tho Amorlcan
ship hnd but threo wounded this In
oloven minutes. In tho Wasp-Frolic
fight tho British ship lost 15 mon
killed and 47 wounded, out of a crow
of 110, whllo tho American ,shlp lost but flvo klllod
and flvo wounded from a crow of tho samo size.
I could mention a number of similar lnstnncos
which demonstrate my statement that at that time
wo wero ablo to shoot well, and wo havo boon
shooting better ovor since. Not only tho men of
tho north, but the men of tho south, shot woll dur
ing tho Civil war; thoy shot well during tho Span
ish war; and wo can shoot half a dozen times as
well today as wo could during tho Spanish war.
Never has tho American navy mado such n roc-
ord as It Is making today, and never has thoro been
a navy having a record oxcolllng tho ono which
our navy Is now making for capacity to hit tho
tnrget. That Is really tho wholo war problem
to hit what you aro fehoatlng nt"
Wo havo not" in tho past built homogeneous
fleets. Wo build a surplus of battleships and then
provide tho mon to man them, nnd frequently pro
vldo moro than wo havo ships for. Wo build auxll-
larles and torpedo boats, If wo do It at all, without
any regard to tho relation which such crnft should
boar to tho battleship fleet, and whllo wo havo
built or have In construction 20 battleships, wo havo
practically no means of furnishing tenders tor them
under Bervlco conditions.
When tho battleship fleot wns sent to tho Pa
cific recently It was necessary to charter 40 foreign
ships to carry coal for It. If It had boon found
necessary to send tho fleet around tho horn In tlmo
ot wnr It could not hnvo been attomptod, becauso
wo could not havo furnished American vessels In
which to carry tho coal.
Vory fow peoplo rcnllzo tho doplorablo condition
wo" aro In, ad far as our merchant mnrlno Is con'
corned. If wo hnd a largo merchant marlno wo
could draw from It without having spoclal auxil
iaries for tho navy, but we aro bo lacking In both
that It makes our present sltuntlon almost hope
less.
When tho Spanish war broko out It was noccs
sary to purchaso colliers and transports. Ono hun
dred and two vossols wero bought at a cost of some
thing ovor $17,000,000, but thoy cost a very largo
porcentngo moro than their market valuo, and moro
than twlco as much as thoy could hnvo bocn sold
for It thoy hud bcon put on tho market at tho ter
mination of the war. In other words, wo paid out
millions of dollars becauso wo had not provided
oursttlves with sultablo auxlllarios for our battlc
Bhlp fleot. Wo should havo a navy 'adequate for
our needs; not only adequate In battloshlps, but
ndequuto in ovory othor respect.
RAILROAD HEAD RESIGNS
Marvin Hughltt, who lias been president ot
the Chicago and Northwestern Railway company
for nearly 24 years, has given up that position to
accept tho chairmanship of tho board of direc
tors. Mr. Hughltt, who Is In his sovonty-thlrd -yonr,
Is in many ways ono of tho most remark
nblo men in the railway service Thoro probably
is no man In tho railroad world today who is
moro wldoly known and yet about whom bo llttlo
Is known in detail as Mr. Hughltt This is tho
result of a lifelong policy of doing things rathor
than of talking.
Ho was born In Genoa, Cayuga county, N. V.,
in 1837, and began his career as a telegraph oper
ator at Albany for tho Now York and Buffalo
Telegraph company In 1862. In 1854 ho located
in Chicago and worked as an operator for tho Illi
nois and Missouri Tolograph company. Mr. Hughltt entered tho railway Borv
lco in I860, and until 18C2 ho was consecutlvoly superintendent of telegraph
and train master of tho St. Louis, Alton and Chicago at Bloomlngton. From
18C2 to 18C4 ho was superintendent of tho southern division of tho Illinois
Central.
It was during tho latter period that Mr. Hughltt performed an operating
feat that has novcr boon surpassed. Tho government suddenly called upon
tho rond to movo a largo detachment ot'troopB at a tlmo when tho road
wns flooded with traffic. Tho forco becamo somewhat demoralized at tho
magnltudo of tho problem, whereupon Mr. Hughltt took his placo at tho dis
patcher s key nnd performed tho task without interruption to traffic, at tho
"vxponso of 72 hours of continuous service Whon ho awakoned two days
Inter ho found that ho had bcon promotod to tho position of general superin
tendent of tho road.
In 1870 Mr. Hughltt left tho service of tho Illinois Central to becomo gen
eral manager of tho St. Paul road, and a year later George M. Pullman
Induced him to becomo tho manager ot tho Pullman company. Mr. Hughltt
In 1872 accepted tho position of general superintendent of the Northwestern
railroad, aftor which his riso to tho presidency was rapid and was marked
by tho constantly increasing Importanco ot tho systom In tho western rail
road world.
Ono of tbo most tcmarkablo things about tho chairman of tho North-
western's board Is tho fact that at tho ago of Hoventy-throo ho is ablo to do'
and docs a moro strenuous day's work than most railway presidents who aro
15 yoars younger. Tho fact that ho camo from sturdy stock, thero being
flvo living generations in tho Hughltt family, with tho fact also that ho
took tho most perfect caro of himself, accounts for his remarkable activity.
FRENCH REPUBLIC'S MASTER
Tho great railroad strlko in Franco brought
moro than ovor to tho notice of tho world a re
markablo man. On the reassembling of tho cham-!
bcr of deputies Premier Brland croatod some-'
thing of a sensation by declaring that he had
proof, through confessions of tho leaders of tho
recent railroad strike, that thero was a dollborato
plot to ruin France by violence, anarchy and civil!
war.
Brland, now prlmo minister and master of tho
French republic, was nobody ton yenrs ago. At
thlrty-flvc ho was an outsider, and, worse, seem-!
lngly a failure oven ns a lawyer.' Suddenly ho!
willed, and all camo easy to him. Easy Is tho;
word that seems to charactorlzo him now and
then. - ' ,
Born in St. Ndsarlno, he conquered a degreo of
law. Would ho havo been content to nlend nartv wall cases, marry an'
f8,000 dot, play tho violin, sing admirably, beat them all at billiards and talk!
politics? Ho was not of tho ruling set of St Nnzalre. Ppsslbly resentful,1 i
posslblo great-hearted, ho certainly felt for tho worklnEmeni who at once!
understood him nnd aworo by him. ; i
Buying a second-hand press In Paris, ho took it from the freight office
alono with a horso and wagon, and with ono boy put It together, set tho typo,
and launched tho Democracy of tho West. Brland oxcltod great anlmosltyr
of tho ruling classes, and bo, for one reason or another, ho got himself dls-!
barrod as n lawyer.
Ho quit St. Nazalre, nls caroor apparently broken at tho start, and began
to write Paris socialists wero cdlflcd by tho young stranger'o grasp of tholr.
subjects. His articles In tho Lnntorno becamo at onco noted tor their clear
ness and boldness. Thoy expressed tho discontented worklngmau to him
self as If it were tho workingman who wroto them.
Ho walked into tho sovereign office of French deputy, first In 1902, again
in 190G, and now, ns simply, ho has walked Into tho cabinet and put hlmsolfi
at its head. No ono realizes how ho does It. All happens tranquilly, without!
flroworks. Ho steps through cruol difficulties without effort :
MISTRESS OF BIG MANSION
Surgery on Heart
Surgical operations upon tho heart havo becomo
nlore or less of n commonplace in medical history.
Somothlng approximating 100 cascB of the sowing
up of heart wounds nro on record, nnd tho recov
eries havo been considerable whon ono considers
the highly dnngorous character of such work. Hith
erto, howovor, hoart Burgery has boon limited to nc-
cldcnt ensos.
In n rocont Issuo of tho annals of surgery ono ot
tho workers at tho Rockefeller lnstttuto for
medical resoarch discusses tho possibility ot
treating diseased hearts surgically. Ho has mado
numerous, experiments on animals and bollovos
that such operations will bo successfully performed
on humnn beings In tho nonr future. His tests
havo convinced him that tho heart can be oponed,
Bcrnped outdcloaned, so to speak), sowed up Lnd
started off on Its "bontlng" path again without any
great, at loast Insuperable, difficulty. By an In
genious systom of aldo piping nnd now chnnnellng
ho Is nblo temporarily to cut out of tho circulation
portions of auch Important vessels as tho descend
ing aorta tho largest artery In tho body, without
killing tho anlmnl. Among bis suggested onorn.
tlons Is ono on tho coronary nrtorles ot tho heart
for tho euro of angina pectoris.
This doctor haa apparently proved to his own sat
Isfactlon on animals that successful surgical Inter
ference with tho great vcssols nnd tho heart ltsolf
Is a possibility. It Is, of courso, n long ston from
theso experiments to actual operations on humnn
bolngs, but thoro is ovory Indication thnt tho latter
teat will bo nttomptod In tho nonr future Tho in.
tractability of cardiac affections and tholr hltth fn.
tnllty mako tho proposed now surgory a thing of
groat gonoral interest, and may Justify tho oxtrerao
Doianoss or mo proposal.
After nlno years tho most costly houso In
America has been Anally completed, and prosld-j
Ing ovor it will bo a pptlto young ltfdy who has,
won her way to this queonly position through
a courtship which onco threatened to upset a sec
lion of Washington politics. Tho houso Is that
of Senator W. A. Clark of Montana and Now
York, and Is situated at tho corner of Fifth ave
nuo and Savonty-soventh Htreet, Manhattan.
Tho house, when viewed from tho oxtorlor,
appears rather heavy and mnsslvo for tho spneo
occupied, but, onco within, ono appreciates tho
real harmony of it all. Each of tbo nlno stories
Is massed with every concelvablo adjunct of com
fort and luxury; from top to bottom Is a storo of
storied wealth and mechanical device unsur
passed In tho modorn construction of houso build
ing. Tho baro structure alono cost $5,000,000.
And the coppor king has reared this palace for ono who not so many
years ago was tho daughter of a poor physician in Montana. At that tlmo
her name was Anna La Cbappello, and her father, dying penniless, com
mended her to tho caro ot Senator Clark, urging his interest in her maaical
talent.
Tho Bcnator sent his ward to the Boston Conservatory ot music, whero
her progress was bo marked as to causo him to Bond her to Paris, to perfect
her studies. It was during this porlod, says Human Life, that tho senutor
began to reallzo that his affection for his ward was of moro than tho fatherly
order. Whllo Bocloty was busy Unking his namo with that of noarly every
oltglblu young lady, he became assured his ward's feelings wero tho samo as
his own, and nskod her to becomo his wife.
. RESEMBLES "FIGHTING BOB"
John C. Hartlgan, BrBlgndlor-Gencral of tho
Nebraska National Guard, frequently designated
as tho prototype ot "Fighting Bob" Evans, Is a
conspicuous figure, particularly In tho West at
the prosent tlmo. Forty years of ago, a nativo
of Missouri, ho is described as a natural born
flghttcr who never knows when ha is beaton,
From boyhood Hartlgan was always "licking"
somebody. After his school days woro ovor ho
licked his opponents In two races for tho mayor
alty at Falrbury. In 1897 ho went to tho Philip
pines as a private soldlor and camo homo a cap
tain. Ho did somo gallant work in actlvo sorv
ice, and on his return was successively promotod
to hlB present position of honor and usefulness.
Hartlgan Is knrfwn as a knight of tho mailed
flat, and ho is one-to-ten shot as a favorite son
of Nobraska, TUo forco and efficiency of his military caroor have boon fully
demonstrated to his admiring follow citizens, and U hns como about that
Hartlgan has overbalanced tho popularity of that othor Illustrious Nebraskan,
William Jennings Bryan. Westerners admlro pluck, and it Is Bald that Hartl
gan has lots of it.
(i
