He
A
After nil tho mnrket la moro Import
ant than tho soil. If nn Idoal soli
(sandy loam) for gardening purposes
1b fnr remoto from n good market. It
1b difficult to be flnanclnlly successful.
If, on tho other hand, the soil Is quite
unfavorable, but near n good, market
nnd available supply of manure, It Is
comparatively easy to mako a flnan
clul success of market gardening. It
Is Important, however, to select soils
willed nro naturally loose and friable
If a mixed line of gardening Is to be
followed
In preparing beds for flowers It I
should be remembered that most flow
ers which produco a yellow bloom
should not huve much organic mat
ter In the full. Red or purple' flowers
will do best on a boII with n reason
able amount of organic matter, and
plants which aro grown for their foli
age 6hould bo attempted only on rich
soils. Wo speak of that now because
this Is tho Ideal tlmo to preporo noxt
year's flower beds.
If you have only common cows.
breed them to a male of standard
dairy breed and the result will give
grade animals. These half-blood
grade animals bred In tho same lino
will give animals moro nearly pure
bred, and this breeding and selection
with Judgment whl result In a heftl of
high producing nnlmnls that will make
money for the breeder or the man who
buys them.
Trimming tho orcnard Is Imperative
and trimming the hedge rows Is just
as important. An unu mimed orchard
not only fails to produce. fruit but la
also unprofitable in tho shabby np-
pearanco it gives tho farm. The un'
trimmed hedge is even more objoc
tlonablo as one gets his first lmpres-
Eton from tho outside.
Humus making crops aro such
grasses as timothy, clover, blue grass,
bromo grass and alfalfa. It has been
found that grass land plowed and put
Into crops Is under better conditions
of moisture and freer from weeds than
land that has grown grain continu
ously.
When tho fowls begin molting they
will practically cease laying. As tho
growing of new feathers Is n heavy
drain on tho fowl extra feed should
be given. A small amount of linseed
meal can bo given to an advantage
Feed wheat and oats rather than much
corn.
Don't let tho young orchard trees go
into winter without protection.
Anything that shades tho bark will
protect from Bunscald but a covering
that gives tho trco Immunity from
loth Bunscald and gnawing from ro
dents is better.
A woll drained soil with good eleva
tion, slightly higher if possiblo than
tho surrounding area, fairly heavy in
character, with a deep, strong, but
not hard-pan subsoil furnishes tho
best conditions for successful apple
growing.
Whllo there is never any very largo
profit In selling either turnips or
"greens," tho crop Is one that requires
so little care and is so Euro thnt it
will pay anyone handy to a market
to sow somo for sale.
There are three kinds of bees In
every thrifty hive one queen, during
tho summer season sovoral hundred
drones, and tho rest workers. These
workers nro all females, undeveloped
queens.
This being tho cemont age, cement
floors nro good for tho now poultry
house, for they are dry and easily
kept clenn. They can bo covered with
dry earth in summer and cut straw In
winter.
"Bxnmino tho horse's teeth fro-
nunntlv" It might bo added that a
most lmportnnt tlmo to do this is
when you aro being importuned to buy
a horse thnt is "as Bound ns a roach."
w fronuently boo young colts fol
lowing along the Holds aftor their
dams, walking mnny miles during tho
hot weather. Useless and poor busi
ness.
Generally when tho comb of a fowl
Is bright colored, showing it to bo full
of blood, tho fowl Is in a healthy con
dition and tho fowls aro usually ac
tive.
Urass, clover, corn fodder nnd cow
pens, when fed In green stnto, nro rol-
Ished by fnrm snlmals much moro than
nftor thoy nro cured.
To groom tho hoi bo well after hard
work, does not only clean tho skin, but
It prevents various parasitic diseases
of the skin.
A farmer writer rritn Snllnn county,
Nebraska: "Our apple orchard la on
thin land and waa badly neglected
when wo bought tho plnce. After two
years of heavy applications of stable
mnnuro we mario that old orchard
yield nt tho of 1,500 bushels of
apples per acre In ono year." Tho
trcos wore b'o close together, howover,
and tho yield so large that they were
groatly weakoned. Wo then took tho
bull by tho horns and cut out every
other treo and are golng'to have splen
did results this year."
Tho udder of a cow has a good deal
to do with her valuo ns nn economical
producer. An Ideal udder should not
bo too largo, but should havo sufficient
capacity to allow tho continued
growth of tho celts necessary in the
manufacture of milk. The udder
should be evenly balnnced in front
and behind and should bo covered
with soft, velvety hair and bo freo
from blemishes and fleshiness. It
Bhould extend well forwnrd and well
up behind nnd tho teats should be
evenly placed.
Humus Is a variable. Infinite sort
of matter, difficult to classify, chom
lcally complex, sometimes highly nl
trogonous and sometimes nearly ni
trogen free, composed of tnlxeu ani
mals nnd vegetable matter mostly
tho lntter In its Intermediate forms of
decomposition, but not complete
A llttlo greon corn will help out
amazingly when the pnstures get
short these hot, dry days. Cnro must
bo used In feeding it, but it la doubt
ful if It can bo mr.do to bring n big
ger profit than when fed green as a
supplement to falling pastures. And
you got full valuo for tho entire crop
when used In this manner.
It takes two-thirds of nil tho good
cow cats to keep her nllvo and with
out loss of flesh, and the other third
of ordinary good rations to enablo hor
to glvo milk. Tho expense of two
thirds of tho money earning rations
has to bo Incurred when tho cow is
earning nothing.
Angora goats' of both sexes will
sometimes breed when flvo months
old, nnd ofton at six months, but from
tho fact that they nro nt this age but
a month or two from weaning tlmo
and aro not nearly full grown, It Is ob
vious that they should not be permit
ted to breed.
With native grass lambs or with
lambs fresh from the range country,
it would not be advisable to begin
heavy grain feeding when first placed
In the dry lot, ns an abrupt change is
not conduclvo to the best health nor
to the best future gain with nny class
of animals.
With tho presont short pastures and
promised advent of extremely dry, hot
weather, it must bo remembered that
now is tho opportuno time to feed the
sweet fodder corn wo urged you to
plant through tliso columns Inst
spring for Boiling purposes.
Tho profit from poultry depends
upon economical feeding, from utili
zing mnterlnls which would otherwise
bo wasted. When grain must bo
bought for supplying their principal
needs close figuring Is necessary to
avoid loss.
Do not lot tho radishes that wer
left for seed becomo too rlpo boforo
tho seed Is gathered. When the pods
broak the seeds spread over a great
deal of ground nnd nro equal to a
weed pest the following year.
In dressing fowls for market It pnyj
to bo particular In dressing them. A
well dressed, dry picked fowl should
bring several cents moro per pound
than one that has Its Bkln torn nnd
lots of pin feathers on It.
Unless a person is willing to pay
attention to little details and not
only do them once but as often ns oc
casion may require, It would hardly
be advlsablo for them to undertake
poultry keeping for profit
The young bees, hatched from An.
gust first on, will constitute the colo
ny to no wintered, nnd for this rea
son It Is wise to see Hint much brood
Is ready, oven if wo have to resort to
stimulative feeding.
Do not nllow tho pullets to get too
fat, ns It will set them back in ma
king a start at egg production. Be
sides, this overfnt Is apt to create too
much animal heat, which often reBiilts
In a molt out of season.
A clover crop In which Bladder
Cntnplon Is prevalent should bo cut
early for liny, then deeply plowed nnd
thoroughly fallowed during tho bal-
anco of tho season, preparatory to a
hoed crop.
Water Is a necessary constituent of
milk nnd tho cow must have It during
tho tlmo It is being manufactured.
The beBt plan Is to havo a supply
whero she can havo access to It at all
times.
In raising late hatched chicks It Is
always best to havo sepnrnto quarters
for them whero they will not bo
trampled down nnd their feed stolen
by tho older nnd stronger blrdB.
If possible, keep tho bees from ens
ting moro than one swarm, nnd you
nro certain, In a normal season, tc
get n nlco surplus of honoy.
Keon n fow cnts In tho barns nnc
glvo them milk nt each milking. Thej
will destroy tho rats which eat thi
I grain that lays in tho liarn.
MM DEAD
Broken-Hearted Because of Loss
of His Wealth.
Gabriel Godfroy Gave Fortune In Fight
for Hlo People First Wife a
Granddaughter of Stolen
"Whlto Rose."
Peru, Ind. Gnbrlel Godfroy,- last
chief of tho MlamlB, died tho other
day of n broken heart, because ho had
lost all his wealth, $50,000, through
politics. Ho was urged by his frlonda
to run for road supervisor, .nnd ho
won tho office, though ho nftorward
declared that ho did not want It. God
froy arid his people wero persuaded
to vote. Chief Godfroy bitterly re
pented of this later, for, when his
people exorcised thnt function, they
were cnlled upon to pay taxes, from
which they had been previously ox
cmpt, nnd this started litigation which
continued for years arid wiped out
tho holdings of the chief, who was. tho
banker for his peoplo.
Chief Godfroy, "tho Last of tho
MInmlB," ho might bo called, was seventy-six
ycnrB old, nnd was born In
Blackford county, just adjoining tho
county In which ho lived all his life
and In which ho died. Ills fnther
wns Chief Frnncls Godfroy, of French
descent, who ns a warrior was. noxt
to Llttlo Turtle, the greatest chief ol
the Mlamls. Ho ranked closo to Te
cumsoh, tho Napoleon of tho red
rnco. Llttlo Turtle formed a powerful
federation of tho Weas, tho Shock
neys, tho Pankakaws and tho Potta
watomles, which dofeatcd General
Earner October 19, 1790 nnd Gonornl
St. Clair November 4, 1791. At the
battlo of Tippecanoe, Chief Francis
Godfroy gave the signal for the attack
of tho combined Indian forces nnd
was joint commander with Deaf Man
in tho drnwn battle of Mlsslsstnewn
against Colonel Campbell, tho last
battlo of tho Mlamls.
At tho treaty of St. Mary's, God
froy was granted six sections of lnnd
on tho north bank of tho Wabash, Em
bracing nearly nil tho present slto oi
the city of Peru. This nncestrnl es
tate, It might be called, dwindled un
til at tho death of tho son. Gabriel,
only about forty acres of tho orlglnnl
tract remained, nnd this wns In tho
possession of Gabriel's children, to
whom he had deeded It a few yearB
ago.
When his fnther died, In a house
which Is part of tho present homo of
tho Godfroy fnmlly, nnd wns hurled
JuBt across tho rond, Gnbrlel beenmo
chief. Ho wns mnrrled three times.
His first wlfo wns n grnnddnughter of
Frnnces Slocum, who was stolon by
the Indians when sho was six years
old.
Frances Slocum was stolon In 1770
from her homo near Wllkesbarro, Pn
by the Dolawaro Indians. Sho was
passed to tho Mlamls nnd became
known ns tho "Whlto Roso of tho Ml
amls." Her brothers nover gnvo up
the Bearch for her. Flnnlly, In 18.17.
sho was located In Mlnml oountv ns a
member of tho Indian tribe, and hor
brothers Journoycd from Pennsylvania
to take her homo. When the object
of their visit wns explained, she said
sho had lived so long among tho In
dians, and thoy had treated hor so
woll, that sho would not desert them.
Her brothers went homo broken
hearted. Godfroy's third wlfo Is still
living.
Twenty yenrB ago Chief Godfroy
had n flno farm of about a hundred
acres and was worth about $50,000.
He wns called on scores of times to
pny flnoH-ngalnst Indians. For seven
years he paid tho exponso and stood
tho worry of a legal battlo which tho
county commissioners brought to com
pel him und others of his trlbo to pay
taxes on their Innda. They claimed
the lands to bo oxempt because of the
treaties by which they wero deeder"
to them by the government. When
hlB fortune had disappeared tho suit
was compromised, and his people
should bo exempt for ten years,
When this decision was announced
Chief Godfroy advanced to tho bench
nnd, in a voice trembling with emo
tion, told his story of wronga. Tlu
aged chief told how tho poor Indiana
had again been crushed nnd humili
ated by tho cruel "pale fnco;" how
thoy had lost their lands and theli
rights. When ho hnd finished he
strode from tho courtroom with nil
tho dignity becoming n great chief,
but from that momont until ho died
he seemed oppressed with grlof. Ho
died without any property. Tho "Iist
of tho Mlnmls" has gone to tho "Hap
py Hunting Grounds."
INSECTS DETRIMENT TO
NATURAL FOREST GROWTH
Dam ago Done by Causing: Failure of Many Nuts to Germinate
Makes tho Group an Important One From
Economic Standpoint.
(By FIIKD fl. nnOOKS, Associate Hnto
moluRlst, Writ Virginia University Ag
ricultural Hxperiinent Station. V
Tho forests of West Virginia nro
rich In nntlvo nut-bearing trees nnd
shrubs. At least twenty-Boven specie'
nro found thnt benr nuts which nro
used ns food by man or by tho nnlmnls
that aro of valuo to man. Tho nut
bearing trees furnish' also tho bulk
of hardwood Umber that 1b produced
In tho state.
With tho probnblo exception of tho
beechnut, nil tho inoro common varie
ties of nuts, nnd, presumably, thoso
that nre less common aa woll, nre at
tacked by tho lnrvno, or grubs, of over
a dozen different species of snout
beetles. Some of theso larvao feed
on tho husks'" mid Inner tissues of im
mature nuts and others on tho ker
nels of nuts that nro moro nearly
rlpo. Youfg walnuts nnd hlckorynutB
nro frequently nttneked soon after tho
blossoms fall from tho trees and tho
Infested nuts drop to the ground be
fore they aro half grown. Chestnuts,
acorns nnd somo other varieties sus
tain tho grentcst Injury ns thoy ap
proach maturity. It la not unusual
for chestnuts thnt nro kept a week or
two after gathering to becomo from 50
por cent, to 75 por cent, "wormy" and
acorns often suffer to oven a greater
extent Tho Infested nuts nro ren
dered unfit for food and In mnny cabcs
nro so badly eaten thnt they will not
germlnnte when planted.
The Injury which theBo Insects do to
n valunblo nrtlclo of food nnd their
direct detriment to natural forest do
velopmont, in causing tho failure of
Acorn
A, B, C and D, Stralght-miotited Aeorn
Acorn Weevil that has lost Its foothold
dead; F, Sooty Acorn Weovll.
mnny nuts to gormlnnto, mako tho
group nn Important ono from an eco
nomic Btnndpolnt.
Nuts nre nttneked by n grcnt vn
riety of InBccts, but tho moBt aorloua
injuries nro dono by moths nnd snout
beetles. The lnrvue of sovernl specleB
of moths mny bo found In chestnuts,
beechnuts nnd ncorns, particularly In
nuts thnt have their shells broken
so ns to permit easy entrance to tho
kernel by tho Insects. Tho damago
wrought by tho class of Insects known
ns snout beetles, however, 1b greatly
in excess of thnt dono by all other
kinds combined.
Tho term "snout beetle" is applied
to tho adults of the group of insects
on account of tho peculiar structure
REGULATE SEX
OF CHICKEN
Scicntlata Havo Been Studying for
Yeurti to Discover Law and
Undoubtedly It Would lo
lloon to PouUrymvn,
For yenra tho scientists hnvo boon
trying to discover tho law that regu
lates box. Undoubtedly tho discovery
would bo n great boon to poultry
hoopers. To havo tho farm ovor-run
with cockerels wbon early pullets aro
wanted Is nnnoylng, and it Is not sur
prising that uny system purporting to
regulnto tho sex Is eagerly tried by
breeders, Wo havo heard It claimed
that tho pointed eggs batched pullets
and tho round oues cockerels, nnd
then ngaln tho opposlto 1b claimed.
Others claim that tho location of tho
CORRECT FALL
Tho device shown in the UluBtrntSon
1b mado of flooring plank, 1G foot long
(1). Place a spirit lovol (2) In conter
I of plank. Fasten a leg to each ond of
tho plank (3 and 4), letting ono lc bo
r
of tho head, tho front part of which
la prolonged Into a snout or proboscis.
In somo Bpcclos this snout Is short
nnd stout nnd In others It is long,
slender nnd wlro-llko. In tho fomnlea
of somo of tho nut wcovtls It Is longoi
thnn tho rest of tho body. Tho mouth,
which Is armed with n mlnuto but
strong pnlr of jawB, Is situated on the
apex of tho Bnout nnd tho appondngo
Is used for piercing or puncturing varl
oub kinds of plnnt tissue to obtain
food and to provide nn opening in
which to deposit eggs.
ChestnutB nro frequently gnthorcd
thnt appear sound nt first, but within
ton days or two weoka thereafter be
como excessively "wormy." Whero
thoBe "wormB" como from has often
been a mnttcr of conjocturo on the
part of thoso who handle nuts. It Is
a common belief that thoy originate
from ,tho "sting" of aomo Insect ad
ministered nt tho tlmo tho trees nre
In bloom. Aa a matter of fact, they
hatch from eggs that aro In tho nuts
nt tho tlmo tho nuts nro gathered
Most of theso eggs nro deposited by
this chestnut weevil a short tlmo pro
vlous to tho dropping of tho nuti
from tho trees.
The common acorn weevil Is tlu
lnrgcst of tho weevils attacking
ncorns. In slzo It is slinllnr to tin
hlckorynut weovll but In color it raort
nonrly resembles tho larger chestnut
weovll. Tho spots on tho bnck im
smaller thnn In tho lattor species
howover, and aro not so bright ant
conspicuous. Tho snout lo vory slcn
der nnd is curved at tho point. It
Weevils.
Weevil preparing n '-.co for Its egg: VS.
on the nut and hung by tho snout until
the female, It la nenrly half an Inch
In length, or, about a fifth longer thnn
tho body. In the mnlo, It la two-thirds
ns long ns tho body. Tho pygldium,
or last abdominal segment, of tho mnlo)
la deoply conenvc with tho concavity
smooth and shining and surrounded by
n rim of silken hairs. This peculiar
character cnnbles tho apectcs to be
&i?'rited vory readily from nil othor
mcmbolr of tho genus.
This shocleB 8eemB to attack only
tho ncorns of tho blonnlnl oaks nnd
In my collecting has always boon
found moro nbundnnt on red onk than
on any other trco. Tho ncorns which
it attacks nro Into In maturing nnd
tho booties aro correspondingly Into in
appearing.
nlr cell Is tho determining factor, and
again that it is mcroly n question of
nourishment, tho stronger nourished
eggs producing mnlcs. Somo breed
ers depend upon tholr mntlngs, bollov
lug that cockerels muted with lions
will produuo a preponderance of fo
males, and thnt n cock mated with put
lota will produco n preponderance of
males, In splto of all tho.thoorlcs
that havo been advanced, tho law that
controls box has yt to bo discovered
Tho First Calf.
With tho first call tho holfor should
bo stimulated V regularity In feeding
tul milking, to keep up a good flow o
futile and to maintain this flow pretty
closo up to tho noxt calving. Tho ob
ject Is to fix In her continuity for milk.
Never let her get fnt, though. Thej
keynote to success la tho cow, nnd the
foundation of tin cow is feed and
breed.
OF TERRACES
nn Inch longer thnn tho other. I)y run
ning longer leg In front going down
hill, there will bo ono Inch ''fall to the
rod, which la tho correct amount oi
fall to mako torrucos.
1
L.
WilDUR D.NESDIT
Hobbled Oive
1 cannot dnice the old (tops
I danced a year ago:
My hobble skirt would trip mo
And hinder me, you know,
I daro not try tho polka
Which onco I danced with grace
Unless they will revise It
For half-u-foot of space.
1 used to do the two-step
And scoot ncross the floor,
But now I stand serenely
And 1 two-step no moro.
I tried It Just Inst evening:
My partner was surprised;
Ho asked mo very gently
If I vus paralyzed.
I rnnnot do tho schottlsche:
I stagger In tho spurt
And find myself completely 1
Dlssundcd by my skirt.
O, tell the band to stop Itt
My feet beg for a chanco.
Or I'll try In a mlnuto
The old Bt. Vitus dnnco.
I cannot hear tho music
Without a vnguo regret
Thnt 1 no mora mny stalk through
The stntoly minuet,
They'll havo to mnka now dances
If they would (111 tho bill;
Dovlso a Jolly llguro
Wo can dance standing still.
I cannot dnnco the old steps
For fenr thnt I will fall,
In fact, slnea I'vo been hobbled
I cannot dnnco nt all. '
I enn't sit this out with you
Don't lift your brows or frown
Because tlio solemn truth Is
That I cannot sit down.
Foiled.
"What?" cried tho brutnl hjisband,
You gnvo that old overcoat of tnlno
to n tramp? You should hnvo asked
mo first. I had placed a hundred dol
lars In bills In ono of tin pockota of
that coat, Blmply to havo tho monoy
in n safo placo until you should want
to purchnso aomo clothca."
"William Henry Suddaworthy," re
plied tho fond wlfo, fixing him with
n Judicial oyo, "you worked that gamo
on mo two years ago. I went through
tho pocketB of that coat nnd found n
wornout glovo, bIx cloves, flvo carda
mou sccda, four matches nnd a sub
urban tlmccnrd. I'm golnr shopping
for my dross tomorrow."
Recognized the Method.
Tho victim of tho holdup men had
been resuscitated, and nftor giving his
name nnd address, Is asked what Is his
busluoBB.
"I am n summor resort proprietor,"
ho snys, feobly, "and my aBsnllnntB
got tho ontlro proflta of my season."
"Did you obsorvo thorn closely
enough to glvo us a description of
ithom?"
"No, air but from tho rapidity with
which thoy cleaned mo out 1 nm
forced to bollovo that thoy must nt
ono tlmo or nnothor hnvo boon con
nected with my lino of business."
Gross Dereliction.
"I hear that tho proprietors of tho
Whoopln Magazlno discharged tholr
editor In chief last week," Baya tho
ilrat literary agent.
"Yes j lot him go on a momont'B
notice," replies tho sccoud literary
agent.
"What wna tho troublo? Difference
of opinion?"
"No. Worao thnn thnt. Ho lot trie
mngnzlno go to press without having
pictures of tho noosovolt family nnd
of John D. Rockefeller in It."
His Reason.
"But," arguo tho royal cabinet, when
Pharaoh decides to begin tho erection
of tho first pyramid, "why do you want
to put up this huge mass of Btone?
Cnn you glvo n good reason for It?"
"Sam HUH No!" testily ropllos
Pharaoh. "Hut In tho conturlos to
como our relgh will bo unforgotten be
causo of tho many reasons assigned
by scientists for tho building of tha
pyramidal
Watered,
"How much rolling Block havo
you?" asks tho possiblo Investor of tho
promoter of tho Yukon & YpsllantI
rnllway,
"IloHlng Btock?" ropllos tho promo
tor. "Wo haven't got, along thnt
fnr yet. Wo'ro busy handing out tho
floating stock, just at present."