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About The North Platte semi-weekly tribune. (North Platte, Neb.) 1895-1922 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 25, 1910)
URGES CONSERVATION OF THE NATION'S RESOURCES President Taft Sends Special Message to Con gress Recommending Prevention of Land Frauds, Control of Water Power, Fos? tering of Soils and Kindred Subjects Washington, Jun. 11 Following Is the coniploto text of the special mes sago on thu conservation ot this na tion's resources sunt to the sennto nnd house of representatives hy Pres ident Tnft toduy: To the Senate and Houso or Itepresenta Uvea: In my annual message I reserved tlio nubject of tlio conservation ot our na tional remitters for disposition In u .spo clal message, as follows: In several departments there Is pro Rented tho necessity for legislation look ing to tho further ronsetvntlnn or our national resource nnd the nubject Is ono of such Importuned ns to requlru n morn detailed and extended discussion thun can be ontered upon In this cnmmtinlcii tlon. For that reason t shall tukn ntt early opportunity to send n special ines sago to congress on tho subject of the Improvement of our waterways, upon the reclamation nnd irrigation of nrltl, semi arid and swamp lauds: upon tho prefer, vatlon or our forests nnd the ro-forestlng of suitable nrens. upon the riM:tnsslttca Hon of tho public domain with n view nt separating from ngrlcultural settlement mineral, coal and phosphate, lands nnd sites belonging to the government bor dering on streams suitable for tho uttll zatlou of water power. In 1SC0 wo had n public dnmnln of 1.05R, 011,233 acre3. Wo have now rJI.35t.0SI ncres, confined lamely to tho mnuululn . ranges nnd the nrld and soml-nrld plains. We. have. In addition, 3W,035,'J?r acres of Innd In Alaska. Disbursement of Public Lands. Tho public lands were, dutlng the earli est administration, treated as a nutlnnnl' asset for the liquidation of tho public debt nnd as n source of rownrd for our Boldlers and sailors, f.ntcr on they were donutt-d In largo nmounts In aid of tho construction ot wagon ronds nnd rail ways. In order to open up regions In Hip west then n I most Inaccessible All tho principal land statutes were enacted morn thnn a quorter .of n cewturv mijo The homestead net, tlio png-ompttnti and timber-culture net, the roul land ntid the mining nets wero among these. The rapid disposition of the public lands under tho enrly statutes, nnd tho lax methods of distribution prevailing, due, t think, to the belief that theso lands should rapidly pnss Into prlvnto owner ship, gave rise to tho Impression that the publlo clomntn was legitimate prey for tho unscrupulous nnd that It wns not contrnrj' to good morals to circumvent the land laws. This proJIgnl manner of disposition rcsultod In the passing ot largo areas or valuable land and many or our national resources Into the hands or persons who felt little or no responsi bility for promoting the national wel fare through their development. Fraudulent Titles. Tho truth Is that title to millions of ncres ot public lands was fraudulently obtained nnd that the right to recover n largo part of such lands. for the govern ment long since ceased by reason of stat utes of limitations. Thorp has developed In recent years n dec- concern In tho public mind respecting tho preservation nnd proper uso of our natural resources. This has been particularly directed townrd the conservation of the resources or tho public domain. A vast nmonnt ot discussion has appeared In the public prints In generalized form on this sub ject, but there has been llttlo practlcnl suggestion. It hno been easy to sny that the natural resources In fuel supply, In forests, In water power, nnd In other public utilities, must be saved from waste, monopoly, and other abuses, nnd tho general public Is In accord with this proposition, ns they nro with most truisms. Tho problem, however. Is how to savo and hqw to utilise, how to con serve nnd still develop, for no sane per son can contend that it Is for tho com mon good that nature's blessings nre only for unborn generations, Noteworthy Reforms, Among the most noteworthy reforms Initiated by my distinguished predecessor were the vigorous prosecution of land frauds and the bringing to public atten tion of the necessity for preserving the remaining public domain from further spoliation, for tho maintenance and ex tension of our forest resources, and for the enactment of laws amending tho ob solete, stntutes so ns to retain govern mental control over thnt port ot the pub lic domain In which thero nre valuable deposits or coal, or oil. and of phnsphutn, and. In addition thereto, to preserve con trol, under conditions favorable to the public, of the lands along the streams In Which the fall of water can bo made to generate powor to be transmitted In the form of electricity many miles to the point of Its use, known ns "water power" sites. The Investigations Into violations of tho public land laws nnd the prosecution of land frauds have been vigorously con tinued under my administration, ns has been tho withdrawal of coal lands far classification and valuation and the tem porary withholding of pewer sites. Since Mnrch 4, 1909, tompornr) withdrawals of power sites have been rondo on 102 streams and these withdrawals therefore cover 223 per cent, moro strenms than were covered by the withdrawals made prior to thnt date. The present statutes, except so far ns they dispose of the precious metals and tho purely agricultural lands, are not adapted to carry out the modern view of tho best disposition of public lands to prlvnto ownership, under con ditions offering on tho one hand sufll clent Inducement to prlvnto capital to tako thcm'ovcr for proper develop ment, with restrlctlvo conditions on tho other which shall secure to the public that character of control which will provent a monopoly or misuse of the landH or their products. Tho power of the secretary of tho Interior to with draw from the operation of existing stntutes tracts of land, the disposition or which under such statutes would bo detrimental to the public Interests, Is not clear or satisfactory. This powor has been exercised In tho Interest ot the public, with the hope that congress might nftlrm tho action of I ho execu tive by laws adopted to tho new condi tions. Unrortunately, congress has not thus far fully ncted on the recommen dations or tho executive, nnd the ques tion as to what the executive h to do Is under the circumstances, full of clllllculty. It seems to mo that It In tho duty ot congress now, by a statute, to validate tho withdrawals which have been made by ho secretary ot the Interior nnd the president and to use thesecretnry of the Interior temporar ily to withdraw lands pending submis sion to congress ot recommendations as tn legislation to meet conditions or emergencies ns they arise. Properly to Classify Lands. One ot the inost pressing needs In tho mnltcr ot public-land reform Is that lands should be classified accord ing to their principal value uso. This ought to bo done by that or department whoso forco 'Is bst ndnpted to thnt work, tt should bo dono by tho Inter ior department through tho geological survey. Much of confusion, fraud, nnd contention which has oxlstcd In tho present has nrlsen from tho lnck of nn otllclnl nnd determlnntlvo cinssin ration of the public lands and their contents. It Is now proposed to dispose of Ag ricultural lands as such, nnd at tho same time to reserve for other disposi tion the treasure of coal, nil, nnhphal turn, natural gas nnd phnsphntn con tained therein. This mny bo best ac complished by separating the right tn mine from the title to the surrnee, giving tho necessary use ot ho much or the latter ns mny bo required ror the extraction or the deposits. Tho sur fnen might be disposed of as ngrlcul turnl Innd tinder the general agricul tural stntutes. while the coal or other rnluernl could bo disposed of by lensn nn a roynlty basis, with the provisions requiring a certnln nmount of develop ment ench yenr; nnd In order tn pro vent tho uso nnd cession of juld lands with others of similar character so as to constitute a monopoly forbidden by law. tho lease should contnm suitnbio provision subjecting to forfeiture tho Interest of persons participating in such monopoly. Such law should ap ply to Alaska as well ns to tho United Staten. Statute Difficult to Frame. Tt Is exceedingly difficult to frame a statute tn rctnln government contrni over n property to be developed by nrlvatn capital in such n manner ns to seeuro tho governmental purpose nnd nt tho same time not frighten uwny tho Investment ot tho noccssnry capltnl. Hence, tt mny bn necessary by laws thnt urn really only experi mental tn determlno from their pracr tlcal operation whnt Is the best meljind of securing the result nlmcd nt. The extent of the value of phosphate Is hardly realized, and with tho need Hint there will be for It ns tho years mil on nnd the necessity for fertiliz ing tho Innd shall become mora acute, this will bo a product which will prob ably nttract tho greed or monopolists. Public Land Alonn Streams. With rcsnect to tho publlo land which lies along the strenms offering onnortunlty tn convert water power Into trnnsmlsslblo electricity, nnother Important nhaso of the publlo land question Is presented. Thero nro val uable wnter powor sites tnrougn an the nubile land states. Tho opinion Is held that the transfer or sovereignty from tho redernl government to the terrltorlnl governments as they become states. Included tho water power In tho rivers except so tar us that owned by rlparlnn proprietors. T do not thlnlc It necessary tn go Into discussion or this somewhat mooted question of law. It seems to me sulllclont to say that the mnn who owns nnd controls tho lajid nlong tho stream from which the power Is to be convorted and trans mitted, owns lund which Is Indispens able to tho conversion nnd use of that power. I cannot conceive how thq nower In streams flowing through pub He lnnds can be made avnllablo nt all except by using the Innd Itself as tho site for tho construction or tne pinnt hv which tho nower Is genornted nnd converted nnd securing a right of way thereover for transmission lines. Un dcr these condition, If tho government owns the adjacent land Indeed, If tho government Is the riparian ownor It mny control tho use ot the wnter power by Imposing proper conditions on the disposition ot tho land necessary In the creation nnd utilization or tho water power. Value of Water Power. The development In electrical appli ances for tho conversion of the water power Into electricity to be transmitted long distances has progressed so for that It Is no longer problematical, but It Is a certain Inference thnt In the future the nower of the wnter falling In the streams to a lnrge extent will tako tho place or natural fuels. In the disposition of the domain nlrendy (jranted, ninny wnter nower sites imvo come under absolute ownership, nnd mny drift Into ono own ership, bo that all the water power under nrlvato ownership snail be n monopoly, If, however, the water power sites now owned by the government ana thero are enough of them shall bo disposed ot to private persons for the Investment of their capital In such a way as tu prevent their union tor purposes or monopoly with other water power sites, and under condition thnt shall limit tho right or use to not exceeding thirty years with renewal privileges ond some equitable means or tlxlng terms or rental nnd with proper vnenns for determining a reasonable grnd unfed renin!, It would seem entirely pos vble to prevent the absorption of these mrt useful lands uy n power monopoly, An lone ns tho government rctnlns con v.v.1 nnd can prevent their Improper union with other plants, competition must be maintained nnd prices kept reasonable. Soils Must Be Conserved. In considering the conservation of the natural resources of the country, the fca ture thnt trnnscendH nil others, Including woods, waters, minerals, Is the soli ot tho country. It Is Incumbent upon tho gov eminent to foster by nil nvuiinblo mean tho resources or the country thnt produce the food of the people. To this end tho conscrvutlon of the soils of the country should be cared for with all means at the government's disposal. Their productive powers' should nave tne attention or ou scientists that we may conserve the new soils, Improve tho old soils, drnln, wet soils, ditch swamp soils, levee river over flow soils, grow trees on thin soils, pas ture hillside soils, rotate crops on all soils, dlocover methods for cropping dry land soils, find grasses and legumes for nil soils, feed grulns and mill feeds on tho farms whent they originate, that the bolls from which they come may bo en rlched. A work or tho utmost Importance to In form nnd Instruct the public on this chief branch or tho conservation or our re sources Is being carried on successfully In the department of agriculture: but It ought not to escnpo public attention that state action In addition to that of the de nnrtmcnt of agriculture (as for Instance in tne urainago ot swamp lands) is es rcntlal to the best treatment of the soil l-i the manner above Indicated. The act by which, In seml-arld parts of the publlo domain, the area of tne homo stead has been enlarged from ICO to K0 acres has resulted most beneficially In the extension of "dry farming" nnd In the demonstration which has been mado of the possibility, through a variation In tho character and mode of cuituro, ot raising substantial crops without tho presence of such n supply of water as hns been heretofore thought to be neces sary for agriculture. nut there nro mil ons of acres of com pletely nrld land In the publlo domain which, by tho establishment .of reservoirs for the storing of water and the Irri gation ot tho lnnds. may be made mucn moro fruitful nnd productive than the best lands In n climate where the mois ture comes from tho clouds. Congress recognized the Importance ot this mothod ot artificial distribution or wnter on the nrld lands by tho passage ot the reclama tion-act. The proceeds or the puuiio lands creates the tund to build tho works needed to storo nnd furnish the neces sary water, nnd It wns left to the secre tary of tho Interior to dctormlno whnt projects should bo started among thoso suggested and to direct tho reclamation service with the funds nt hand nnd through tho engineers In Its employ, to construct tho works. No ono enn visit tho far west and tho country of nrld nnd sorril-nrld lands with out being convinced that this Is one ot the most Important methods of the con servation of our nnturnl resources that tho government has entered upon. It would nppcnr that over 80 projects "have been undertaken, nnd tnnt a row or these nro likely to be unsuccessful be cause ot lack of water, or for other rea sons, but genernlly the work which 1ms been done hns been well dono, nnd many Importnnt engineering problems havo been met nnd solved. Funds Inadequate for Service. One ot tho difficulties which has arisen Is that too many projects tn view of tho available funds have been set on foot. The funds nvnllable under the reclamation statute sro Inadequate to complete these projects within n reasonable time. And yet tho projects hnve been begun: settlers have been Invited to tako ui nnd. fn many In stances, have tnlten un. the nubile land within the projects, relying tipon their prompt completion. The fnlluro to complete tho projects for- their benefit Is. In effect, n breneli of faith ana lenves them In n most distressed con dltlnn. I urge thnt tho nation ought to afford the means to lift them out of tho very desperate condition In which they now are. This condition does not Indicate nny excessive wnsto or any corruption on the nnrt of tho reclnmatlon service. It only Indicates nn over-zealous desire to extend tho benefit of reclamation to an many ncres nnd ns many states as possible. I recommend, tnerorore. that authority be given to Issuo. not exceeding $80,000,000 of bonds from time to time, as the secretary of the Interior nhnll find It necessary, the proceeds to be applied to tho comple tion nf tho projects nlrendy begun nnd their proper extension, nnd tho bonds running ten yenrs or more to bo taken up by tho proceeds of returns to tho reclamntlon fund, which returns, ns tho yenrs go on, will Increase rapidly in amount. There In no doubt fit all that It theso bonds were to bo allowed th run ten yoars. the proceeds from the public lands, together with tho rontnls for water fUrnlBhed through tho completed enterprises, would quickly create a sinking fund Inrgo enough to retire tho bonds within tho time specified, bono that, whllo tho statute shall pro vide that theso bonds arc tn bo paid nut of tho reclamation fund. It will be drawn in'sueu n way ns to seeuro in terest at tho lowest rate, nnd thnt the credit of tho United States will bn pledged for their redemption. 1 urgo consldorntlnn of tho rccom mendatlons of tho secrotnry of the Interior In his annual report for amendments of tho reclamation act. proposing other roller ror settlers on these projects. New Law Requisite. Respecting the comparatively small timbered nrens on the public domain not Included In nntlonnl forests because of their Isolation or their special vnluo for ngrlcultural or mineral purposes, It Is np- nnrent from the evils resulting by vir tue or the imperfections or existing laws for tho disposition or timber lands thnt tho ucts or Juno 3. 1K7S. should bo re pealed nnd a law enacted for the dispo sition of the timber nt public sale, thn lands nfter tho removal of tho timber tn be subject to npproprlntlon under the ngrlcultural or mineral land laws. What I have said Is really nn epitome of the recommendntlons of tho secretary of tho interior "In respect tn tho future conservation of the public dnmnln In his present nnnual report. IIo hns given close nttcntlon to the problem of dlsposl tlon or these lands under such conditions as to Invito tho private capital neenssnry to llinlr development on the ono hnnd, nnd tho maintenance or tho restrictions necessary to prevent monopoly nnd nbuse from ubsolutn ownership on tho other. TheBo recommendations nre Incorporated in bills ho has prepared, and they ore at the disposition of tne congress, I earnest ly recommend thnt ull tho suggestions which he has mado with respect to these lands shall bo embodied In stntutes and, especially, that tho withdrawals already made shall be validated so rar as ncces sary and that doubt ns to the authority of tho secrotnry ot tho Interior to with draw lnnds for tho purpose of submitting recommendations as to future disposition ot them whero new legislation Is needed shall be made complete and unquestioned. Disposition of Forest Reserves, Tho forest reserves of tho United Stntes, someJOO.OOO.OOO acres In extent, ure under the control of the department or agriculture, with authority adequate to preserve them and to extend their growth so rnr ns thnt mny bo practicable. The Importance ot the mnlntennuce of our forests cannot bo exnggernted. The possl blllty of a scientific treatment or forests so that they shall be made to yield a I a mo return In timber without really re diiclng the supply has boon lU-monst rated In olhcr countries, nnd wh should Work toward the standard set by them ns fnr ns their methods uro applicable! to our conditions. Upwnrds or four hundred millions ncres of forest land In this country nre In nrl vnte ownership, but only threo per cent of It Is being treated scientifically nnd with n view to tho mnlntcnanco of the forests, The part phtTed by the forests In the equalization ot (he supply of wnter on watersheds is a matter of discussion nnd dispute, but the general benefit to bo derived by the public from the extension of forest lands on wntersheds and (lie promotion ot the growth of trees tn places that uro now denuded nnd that once had great flourishing forests, goes without saying. The control to bu oxer clsed over prlvnto owners In their treat tnent of the forests which they own Is a matter for state and not national regu latlon, because there Is nothing tn tho constitution thnt authorizes tho federal government to exercise any control over forests within a state, unless the forest are owned In a proprietary way by th reucrni government. Improvement of River. I come now to tho Improvement of tho ininnd waterways. lie would bo blind Indeed, who did not real ze that the neo pie of tho far west, and especially those of the Mississippi valley, have been nrousea io me need mere is ror tho Im provement or our Inland waterways. Tho Mississippi river, with the Missouri on tho one hnnd and tho Ohio on the other, would seem to offor n great nat ural means of Interstate transportation and traftlc. How far, If properly Improved. ther would relievo the rnllrovts or sup plement them In respect to the bulkier nnd cheaper commodities Is rt matter of conjecture. No enterprise ought to to undertaken tho cost ot which is not del Inltely ascertained and tho benefit and advantage of which nre not known nrd assured by competent engineers and other authority, When, however, a project oi a definite character for tho Improvement of a waterway has been dovelopod so that tho plans have been arawnr tne cost definitely estimated, and tho trnrflo which will bo accommodated Is reason ably probablo I think It Is the duty ot congress to undertake tho project and make provision therefor In the proper ap propriation bill. One of the nroleeta which answers th description I havo given Is that of Intro ducing dams Into tho Ohio river from Pittsburg to Cairo, so as to maintain at alt seasons of tho year, by slack water, a depth of nlno feet. Upward of sevon ot these dnms have already been con structed and six nro under construction, whllo tho total required Is CO. The re maining cost Is known to bo 163,000,000. It seems to mo thnt In tho development ot our Ininnd watorways It would bo wlso to begin' with this particular project and carry It through as rapidly as may be. I assume from reliable Information that tt can be constructed economically In ten years. I recommend, therefore that tho publlo lands, In river nnd har bor bills, make provision for continuing contracts to complete this Improvement, and 1 shall recommond In the future, If It be necessary, that bonds bo Issued to carry It through. What has been said or tho Ohio river Is truo In n less completo way of tho Im provement ot tho ,uppcr Mississippi from Ut. l'nul tn St. Louis to n constant depth of six feet, nnd ot tho Missouri, from Kansas City to St. Louis to a constant depth oC six feet nnd from St. Louis to Cairo or, a depth of cignt icoi. rnoso project's havo been pronounced practical by competont boards or army engineers, their cost has been estimated and thero Is business which will follow the Im provement. As theso Improvements are being made, nnd the trnfllo encouraged by them shows Itself of sufficient Importance, the Im provement of the Mississippi beyond Cairo down to the gulf, which Is now going on with the maintenance ot n depth of nine feet everywhere, may be changed to another and greater depth ir the neces sity ror It shall appear to arise out of the traffic which can bo delivered on tho river at Cairo, Cheap Rait Rate Necessary. I urn Informed thnt the Investigation by tho waterways Commission In Europe shows thnt tho existence of a waterway by no means nssures traffic unless thero Is traffic adapted to water carriage nt cheap rates at one ond or tho other ot tho stream. It nlso appears in Europe thnt tho depth of the streams Is rarely more than six feet, nnd never moro than nine. But It Is certain that enormous quantities ot merchandise nro transported over the rivers and cnnnls tn Germany and Franco nnd England, and It Is nlso certnln that tho existence ot such meth ods of trafllc materially affects tho rales which thn railroads charge, and tt Is tho best regulator of thoso rates that we have, not oven excepting tho govern mental regulation through tho Interstate commerce commission. For this reason, I bono that this congress will tako such steps' that It may bo called tho Inaugu- rntor of tho new system of Ininnd water ways. For reasons which it Is not nec essary here to state, congress has seen fit to order an Investigation into tho In terior department nnd tho torost service or the ngrlcultural department, Tho re sults ot that Investigation arc not needed o determine the vnltio or, and tho ne cessity ror, the new legislation which I havo recommended In respect to tho pub lic lnnds nnd In respect to reclamation, I enrnestly urge that the measures bo tak en up and disposed ot promptly without awaiting the Investigation which has been determined upon. WILLIAM H. TAFT. A Bird's Savings Bank. In California tho woodpecker stores acorns away, although lie never eatB them. IIo bores sovornl holes, differ lng slightly in size, nt tho fnll of tho yenr. Invnriably in a nlno tree. Then he find nn ncorn, which ho adjusts to ono of tlio holes prepared for its ro ception. nut ho does not eat tho acorn, for, as a rule, ho Is not n vegetarian. His object is storing .nway thn acorns ex hibits foresight and a Unowletlgo of results moro nkln to ronson than to Instinct. Tho succeeding winter tho urnrns remain Intnct, but, becoming snturnted, are predisposed to docay, whnn thoy arc attacked by maggots, which seem to delight in this special rood. it is thnn that tho woodpecker reaps tlio ltarvcst his wisdom has pro vided, at a timo when, tho ground be lug covered with snow, ho would ex perlonco a. difficulty otherwise In ob tainlng suitable or pnlntitbln food, His "Penitentiary Den." "And now I must show you what I call my penitentiary den," said a popu lnr author. "This," he continued, as he drew open a door, "Is where I oc caslonally spend nn hour or so when I am doveloplng symptoms of thnt hy no means uncommon mnlndy nmong sue cossftil men called 'swelled head.' " The room was a charming llttlo snuggery about seven feet square, tho only remarkable I'cnlme of which was the wull-covoriug. "If you look close ly," explained tho IiohI, "you will see ihnt my wall paper consists, on two sides of tho rom, of those too-famlllnr nnd umveicoino printed forum on which editors express their regrets at declining ono's pet manuscripts," Zoological Puzzle, Italian zoologists havo a puzzle to solve, owing to tho discovery on Mount niunc of tho body of a white benr, which has been brought lo Aosla It wns thought at first I hat tho hear must have died somo three hundred yenrs ago, and must havo been pro served by the Ico, since it has always been hold thnt white boars vanished from tho Alps three ennturies ngo. But It hns slnco been demonstrated thnt death could only have Inken place a low days prevlouu to discovery. At this would scorn to show (hat (here aro still white hears In tho Alps, ex pcdltlons aro to bo sent to test tho theory. Tooly Lurall "How far is It between these two lowns?" tisked the lawyer, "About four miles ob tho flow cries." replied tho witness. "You mean as tho cry flows." "No," put In the Judge, "ho meant ob tne uy crows." And they all looked at each other, icoiing that something was wrong Everybody's Magazine. N 1 IN FANCY CROCHET WOOL SHOE FOR INFANT IS A PRETTY WORK. Few Materials Required, and the Skill of the Operator Is tho Main Re quisite Full Directions Given Here. Materials required: About half-an-" ounco of flno wool and a bono hook, No. 12. Work 11 chain stitches, turn and draw up n loop through tho second from hook, nnd ono through each of tho thrco stitches, wool ovor, draw through nil flvo loops at onco, and mako a chain stitch, draw up a loop under tho chain Just made, ono under tho back thread of tho last loop of tho previous grbup, ono through each of tho noxt two stitches six loops on hook wool over, draw through nil six at onco and make a chain stitch, ropcat from , twice moro -four patterns or groups turn, threo chain, urav.' u? Uro loops through tho chain and ono through each of tho thrco nearest stitches of previous row, back thread to bo taken throughout (tho Bixth loop. Bhould always como on to a chain stitch), draw through and coniploto with chnln stitch, work as before to ond of row, turn, two moro rows llko last (four tows with four patterns in each), IB chain, turn, and work back as usual. Do not break off, but with a fresh plcco of wool work 12 stitches on to tho other sido of tho front unci fasten off, thon continue tho row already commenced, and work to tho ond of tho chnln. Thero. should now bo six patterns on cither side of tho front 1C pnttcrns la nil. Turn with thrco chain, nnd work to nnd fro sevon tlmos, then omit tho turning chain and work flvo troblcs under both threads of every other chain stitch In tho row, with n doublo crochet half-way between the groups of trebles. Turn and work n Infant's Boot Crochet. singlo crochet In tho back thread ot each stitch, faston off. Uo-commonco from whero tho small plcco of chain was ndded, and work a double crochot In each stitch to tho other side or tlio shoo (48 stitches), turn, a doublo crochet In ovcry Btitch back again. Work to and fro tn this way nlnp times, hut In tho last row tako two stitches toge.thor on each sldo tho mlddlo of tlio too. Join odgo and foot on wrong side, olthor with singlo, crochet, or with a nocdlo and wool. Thread round tho top with baby ribbon, and tio round anklo with same, or with chain and tassels of wool. If thu latter, tho chain should bo worked as follows: Wind tho wool 12 times round two fingers nnd seeuro with chain stitch. , 1 chain, slip tho hook under tho bnck thread ot tlio chain Just mado, draw through, wool over nnd draw through both loops nt once. Repeat from for tho required longth, nnd mako a second tassel like tho first. The Fur Coat. On tho fur cont wo aro shown mo tatfc buttons fnutoncd up each sldo of tho front, n braided bolt, a Btratght collar, metal trimmed. This Is cqunlcd In correct outllno by cloth street suits, tho skirts of which nro straight and plain (far moro llko trousors than a plaited skirt would bo) and tho coats of which resomblo closely tho best military cut They aro strapped across tho chest with wldo or narrow bratds; thoy aro fastoned with regular army frogs or they aro decorated with horizontal bands of narrow fur from button to button down tho doublo breasted center pauol. The Zebra Gown. Ono ot tho most startling r.nd not unplcaslng gowns Is called tho zobra. It Is mado of black and whlto striped velvet, and Is draped In long lines that glvo height and slondorncss. The ono touch of color, unloBS ono calls tho whlto laco yoke n color, Is a roso nf burnt orango satin that is plnnod to tho bodico. Tho hat that goes with this Is of whlto kid, trimmed with thick black short tips and a uugo bucklo of deep yellow crystals. UNIQUE IDEA OF TRIMMINGS Embroidery and Bands of, Fur n Com bination It the Latest of Fash Ion's Ideas. Embroidery and bands ot fur nro combined on many of tho newest gowns, morely bits of thosd' trim mings being used on tho waist nnd skirt. Fashion does not favor con tinued straight Hnqs In trimming, 'un less It bo n straight border of fur urotind tho bottom of tho skirt or tho edge of tho coat. In tho Illustration tho llttlo Irregularly shaped over- dress. Ib shown without any fl .ah, but tho snmo model, or ono mado upon simitar lines, hnd this feature of tho dress outlined with a narrow plcco of skunk, making an offectlvo costume for skating or for afternoon street wear. Tho brenk in tho wnlst Is rather pleasing, reminding ono of tho lino accentuated in sailor blouses. This ono Is formed by a tuck with nn al most Infinitesimal bit of braid show ing on tho edgo and clustors ot but tons placed on both Btdcs bo that thoy altornnto. Another dress nftor this stylo wns cut with tho ovordross coming lower In front nnd across tho squaro end was n band ot fur nnd threo triangular sec tions ot heavy embroidery, When thoso two kinds of trimmings nro used to gether It Is Important to havo tho ncedlowork bold In design nnd dono with coarso silk. Tho finer kinds of work aro moro or less lost by tho ad dition of tho fur, oven when tho em broidery shows n contrast In color. Aa a finishing touch a narrow bit of tho fur Is used Bomotlmes on tho high standing collar. WIDE CHOICE IS OFFERED In Yokes One May Have as Many Styles as Varying Fancy Dictates. Sleeves nro nut tho only parts of dress that aro being strongly featured. Yokes aro about as varied, and it Is no uncommon thing for a singlo blouso or waist of appnrent simplicity to com prlao Jn Us construction as many as threo or four yokos. A smooth-fitting bodico may bo cut low, two Inches be low tho bust, In fact, and built up again with a plain section of contrast ing material elaborately ombroldered, and tibovo nil theso cornea tho yoko proper, of not or allovor laco, That In turn, mny bo supplemented with n small Dutch or circular yoko, with perhaps a stock of still anothor lace. And with so many ptecos and so many materials thero Is no suggestion ot a lack of continuity. Tho oyo talcos In tho cnsomblo, and Is not arrested by any ono patch or spot, If tho offect la successful. It goes without saying that clovorness Is required to pro duco this cnsemblo effect that Is so do. llghtful nnd so emphatically a point lit present fashions, Lnce Pieces. Sinnll laco pieces of ono kind nnd nnothor havo a placo this season among all dress trimmings. Tho smallest pleco may onhanco a now collar, tho largest may build tlio foun dation of a gown, but everything which enn bo used Is put Into service. If yen havo coarse ptecos such aa berthas, roady-mado yokos, or cuffs and collar sets, you may, if you caro for something novel, havo them dyed to match a cloth suit. It Is now pos sible to use In this wny many old laces which aro yolldwod with ago. Again, if laces aro transparent, they may bo placed oyer sllvor cloth, whore tho most can bo obtained from tho homo-mado trimmings with tho glitter of tlnsol beneath. Call Fringe In Style. Tho woman who is In doubt as to how to edgo her Bleovos or tunlo or sash drapery can choose narrow ball frlngo. It Is qulto fashionable. It Is In all tho metals and many of tho crystals. It la sold by tho yard and has a tiny braid finish. It Is easy to adjust and sew. , I If