Fstding Corn to Horses.
The season of tho year when horses
may safely bo fed corn has arrived,
hut thero Is a right and a wrong way
of feeding this grain, and the latter
seems to bo most commonly practiced.
To get full value out of corn for
horscB It must bo crushed or coarsely
ground and mixed with other foods
Btich as cut hay, straw, bran, etc. To
simply throw twelve cars of corn Into
tho horso's manger three times a day
Is not scientific or even common-senso
feeding. A horse so fed passes a great
deal of tho corn unmastlcated In tho
manure and certainly iloes not show
good results from tho feeding. Old
corn, shelled or on the car, Is two
flinty for horses to mastlcato proportly
and too starchy to form a complete
ration. The boot results have been
found to follow tho grinding of tho
corn and cob together for horses, as
it renders tho maH3 of food moro
porous, hence better digested, and
more especially so If it bo mlxsd, as
It should be, with oats and chopped
hay or straw, carrots and othor roots.
It Is to be understood, however, that
this does not apply to tho feeding of
Immaturo horses, for corn In such
cases should form but a very small
portion of tho rations. Nor should it
bo freely used for breeding animals,
especially stallions and bulls, as there
Is no more, common causo of lost
virility than excessive feeding upon
corn. Corn Is peculiarly a heat and
fat producing food, hence Is particu
larly valuable in winter time, when
for working horses it mny form one
third of tho dally ration, and for Idlo
maturo horses one-half to two-thirds
along with oats and bran. Where,
however, tho Idlo horses aro kept In
the barn without exercise, this amount
of corn would bo too great, and wo
might expect to see bad results follow
its use, such as stocked legs, grease,
lymphangltla, etc., Jii3t as on the other
hand too exclusive feeding of oats to
idle horses may produce such diseases
ns azoturla, surfeit, skin troubles, etc.
In what ha3 been said In the foregoing
wo have had rcferenco to old, hard,
thoroughly dried corn; but it must not
bo taken for granted that soft new
corn will givo good results because it
13 easily masticated. On tho contrary
now corn, oats and hay aro much more
Iiablo to produce colics and other
forms of Indigestion, and tho rule hold3
good that no grain or foddor crop
should be fed to horses tho same year
in which it Is harvested. In com
mencing tho feeding of corn to horses
the change should bo made very grad
ually; then ill effects will not bo seen,
and toward spring tho same gradual
change should be made again to an
all-oats ration to get tho horses in
prime muscular condition for spring
work. It is tho worst kind of folly
to suddenly change tho rations of any
horso or to expect that a corn-fed
horso will at once do hard work in
spring or hot weather, for tho simple
reason that the corn diet has been
stopped and oats fed to him. Proper
winter and spring feeding, with very
gradual changes of food, will entirely
atop the common complaint of horses
sweating, panting and lagging at work,
and prevent also heat exhalation and
many cases of sunstroke.
A lliirn-riy Trap Tlmt I'allocl.
Tho Kansas Experiment Station thus
reports on their trialc to capture and
kill' horn Hies:
Now to furnish better protection to
our dairy hords and cattle against the
attacks of tho horn-fly Is a quesMon of
growing Importance In this state. Tho
losses from tho disease of butter-fat
and flesh, through the attacks of this
pest certainly demand that some sort of
relief bo furnished to our stock. Dur
ing the past year, tho Kansas Experi
ment Stntlon has carried on a series of
experiments with this object In view.
Among tho many measures employed,
considerable time was spent In trying
to construct a "trap" which would
catch and kill tho files, and not mere
ly repel them, as Is often tho case with
so many of tho "horn-fly mixtures."
The general plan of our trap was to
pass tho cattle through a dark spaco or
room. At tho center of tho room, in
the roof, was a glass cupola, the sides
of which wero composed of four window-sashes,
with a large pane of glass
for a roof. All tho Joints wero mado
tight eo as to leavo no openings
through which tho flies could mako
their escape. A few feet from tho en
trance and exit doors of the room wero
roofed screens, allowing tho cattle to
pas3 In and out, but cutting off tho di
rect light from the outside, thus mak
ing the spaco Immediately below tho
cupola extremely light nB compared
with the rest of the room. As tho ani
mal passes under tho cupola It enters
through the exit doorway, which Is
lined with a series of brushes, sweeping
all parts of the body. Tho flies, being
disturbed nnd brushed off, would, it
was hoped, be attracted by tho great
est light and would therefore swarm up
Into tho cupola.
To catch the files In tho cupola, small
tin troughs, containing kerosene, wero
attached firmly to tho baso of each
pano of glass. Tho troughs wero ono
Inch deep, ono Inch wide, and of the
length of tho distance from slde-rnll
to slde-ratl of tho wlndow-sash. Tho
files, In dancing up and down tho win
dow panes, will at some time or othor
strlko tho bottom rail of tho sash, but
when troughs aro attached they will In
stead fall into them and be destroyed
by tho kerosene. By this stylo of
"horn-fly trap" wo wero nblo to kill but
nbout one fly out of twenty upon tho
cattle. After passing fifteen cows
through several times In succession,
only threo hundred flies wero caught
In tho troughs of kerosene. Quito of
ten the troughs would be nearly filled
wlih other species of flics, where only
ono horn-fly would bo captured. This
style of trap, however plauslblo It may
seem, was certainly not a success. It
was never possible to get nil tho files
to romnln on the cows till tho brushes
wero reached. Invariably, after the
cows had entered tho room for two or
three feet tho flies would suddenly rlso
up and pass out at the entraneo door
way. They did not seem to llko to
enter tho dark room. Dy equalizing
the light a little In tho room with that
on the outside, a trlllo larger percent
age of illcB was secured. Hut If too
much light was ndmlttcd from tho
doorwnys the light In tho cupola was
not sufllclcnt to attract tho flics, but
instead the flies, being brushed off,
would follow nfter the cattle, and again
renew their attacks.
Olilu Hncnr Itoot Experiment.
Tho Ohio Experiment Station sent
out for testing purposes 509 pounds of
sugar beet Heed tho last spring. From
beets produced by this seed 118 sam
ples were sent to tho stntlon to bo
tested for sugar content. Tho beets
tested on nn average 12.7 per cent
sugar, with a purity coefficient of 81.8.
Tho best averages wero from tho
northrrn pnrt of tho stato, -whero tho
sugar content df S3 samples was 13 per
cent and a purity coelllclont of 83.
These aro above tho factory require
ments of 12 per cent sugar In tho beet
and a purity of 80. Tho avorago weight
of the beets sent In for analysis was
twenty ounces.
Tho summary of a table published on
those analyses Is ns follows:
Northern section, 83 samples, nvcrngo
weight of beets 10 ounces, sugar con
tents 13, purity coelllclont 83.
Mlddlo section, 17 samples, nverago
weight of beets 25 ounces, BUgar con
tents U.S. purity 77.5.
Southern section, 18 samples, aver
age weight of beets 21.3 ounces, sugar
contents 12.1 per cent, purity 78.5.
Average for stnto, 12.7 per ceut
sugur, purity S1.8.
Tho station has been assured of a
limited supply of sugar beet seed to bo
Imported from Europe by tho United
States department of agriculture for
experiments In Ohio In 1000. In view
of the great dlfllculty In securing a
good stand of beets In 1S07 and 1898,
by the late planting that lato Eccd dis
tribution made necessary, it has been
suggested to try planting tho beets
much earlier. It Is hoped In this man
ner to get the beets started beforo tho
(lashing rains and hot sun of May and
June. It seems to bo ndvlsablo to try
planting Into in March and in April,
just as soon as the ground can bo well
worked after fall or winter plowing
and subsolling, which should now bo
done. With tho sugar beet it Is ad
vised to follow tho custom of onion
growers and aim to secure germination
beforo tho crusting of tho sol) by the
rain and sun which lo so liable later.
It Is not believed that fro3t danger Is
greater with duo care than the danger
Just stated for lato planting. Tho
Ohio Experiment Station Is now ready
to receive applications for sugar beet
seed Intended for plnntlng in 1900. It
is tho purpose to send out tho beet seed
In March, 1900. The. amount sent any
person will be limited to twelve
pounds.
T irlcoalnn Alfiilfii.
A Washington correspondent of tho
Farmers' Review writes: The value of
tho Turkestan alfalfa as n cold reslster
13 occasioning no little satisfaction
among tho people who last year un
dertook Us Introduction and distribu
tion over the west. This alfalfa was
expected to show moro drouth resist
ing than cold resisting qualities, but
Its hardiness is proving of tho great
est value. "Turkestan alfalfa," Secre
tary of Agriculture Wilson said to
your correspondent, "seems likely to
accomplish groat results In tho west.
In my own state, Iowa, last winter,
about nil tho ordinary alfalfa was kill
d by tho severe weather, and this we
lenrn from our correspondents, wns
the case very generally over largo west
ern areas. The loss can bo computed
In tho millions. Wherever the Turkes
tan variety was planted, no dead al
falfa was found. It stood tho extremo
cold. The fact is significant and calls
for no remark.
"Tho work genorally," continued Mr.
Wilson, "which tho department la do
ing nlong the line of grass and forngo
Introduction and distribution cannot
fall to attract attention. Our men in
all parts of the world aro visiting
countries and regions whero tho cli
matic and soil conditions correspond
to the different sections of our own
country nnd then they aro finding In
many cases thnt crops aro being rais
ed which seem exactly fitted to tho
conditions. Wo aro through our va
rious experiment stations making tests
of such plants."
Plea for tho Tortoises. London hu
manitarians havo received another
shock, and as a rosult Bovoral humane
societies of England havo rnlsed their
voices In a protest ngalnst tho manu
facture and uso of combs, hairpins,
cigar nnd cignrot cases, and othor
dainty articles mado from tortoise
shells. They havo discovered that tho
procuring of tho mottled shell Is at
tended with considerable pain to tho
original possessors of tho precious ma
terial. "Well, my dear, aro you coming on
nicely with your music?" "Oh, yes,
mamma. Last month when I played
four-hnnd pieces with my music tonch
or I was always a couplo of bars bo
hind. Now I am always at least threo
ahead."
Would Llko a Change Dorothy
(who la accustomed to havo her eggs
prepared before they como to tho
table) "Mamma, can't I havo my
eggs cooked with the covers on some-
AN OLD RIDDLE,
I am obliged to plant a grove "
To gain tho hand of her I love.
Said grovo sho says I miut composo
Of Just nlno trees In ton straight rows,
And three In every row must place,
Or ne'er expect to seo her face.
Hut if tho grovo in order rise,
I win the girl, a glorious ptlze.
Yc lenrned bards wlth'laurels crowned,
Assist my hand to till tho ground,
That this fantastic grovo may shndo
Tho blushes of this charming maid.
How Butter is Scored.
Scoring butter Is a profession, nnd
the competent scorers aro very few In
number. Formorly tho Judge would
point his finger to a tub nnd say:
"This Is tho best, and that Is tho sec
ond best." Now each nnd every tub
in tho exhibit is scored and tho rela
tive standing of each to nil tho others
mado known, and tho particulars In
which It falls aro specified for educa
tional purposes, writes E. C. Bennett In
Homestead. Besides the score as pub
lished, sldo notes aro mado whero
practicable, nnd theso are given, not
to the public, but to the exhibitor. For
instance, If ho were scored down in
color the sldo note tolls him whether
It Is too high, or whether It Ib streaked
or mottled or uneven In color.
The score card Is nrranged arbitra
rily. Tho flavor being esteemed of
most consequence, nearly half tho
points arc put on flavor In some com
petitions, exactly half, or llfty points
but In Iowa forty-five. Body stands
next In Importance, and perfect body
Is represented by twenty-live. So on
with tho minor qualities, salt, color and
packages.
Flavor is compound and comprises
odor and tuste. Or, as sometimes
worded, lasto Itself Is composlto, the
sensation being derived from tasto
proper nnd smell. This Is why tasto
Is deficient when a cold nffecta tho
smell, and why an onion may taste
llko an apple if tho noso Is held so
no odor reaches the olfactory nerves.
Tho Judge first draws his finger nlong
his trier of butter to crush tho sub
stance and llbernto tho odors. Then
ho "files" tho end of his noso with the
butter, nfterwnrd tastes It, and from
the combined sensations he decides na
to tho flavor. No butter Is called per
fect In flavor, ns It Is wholly n matter
of taste, nnd Individuality comes In
also, for different judges may prefer
slightly different flavorB, and again It
is possible n better flavor may bo mndo
later by some one, and thero would be
no way to designate the Improvement
If we called what we now have perfect.
FIno flavor comes from clean milk,
skillfully ripened nnd churned at the
proper temperature. Tho sldo notes
(unpublished) say of six of tho ex
hibits, "flavor not clean." This means
that a traco of filth was present and
tainted tho butter. Two others wero
marked "sour"; others wero simply
marked "off." Deterioration had set
In, or wo might perhaps say, decom
position had commenced.
Body is tho consistency of the but
ter, or Its mechanical texture. Good
body requires low temperature, and
working by pressure, not by grinding.
Ono of tho exhibits was marked "over
worked." Severnl were not worked
enough, or had not viun washed prop
erly, for thoro wero cloven exhibits
mnrked, "too much buttermilk." A
trace of buttermilk Is ncctt-jary to glvo
flavor, for butter fat Is of neutral
taste, and tho flavor Is duo to tho traco
of buttermilk In the butter and to the
smnll amount of casein remaining.
Too much buttermilk or casein gives
a rank flavor. Several wore marked
"weak." Too high temperature Is the
common causo of this.
Milking Quiilllj- of (liillovriiyn.
(Condensed from Farmers' llovlew
StenoBrnplilo llcport.)
At tho annual meotlng of tho Amor
lean Galloway Association, rccontly
held In Chlcngo, tho milking qualities
of their favorite breed wero discussed
nt some length by members In attend
ance. Prof. Elmer II. White of Iowa said:
"As to milk, Bomo families aro vory
good milkers. This quality can be de
veloped or not, nt tho will of tho
owner of tho herd. Should ho deslro
a trlplc-purposo cow ono that pro
duces beef, cream and robes let tho
heifer with her first calf bo milked for
nlno months or longer, und by tho
tlmo sho Is 9 years old alio will bo
valuablo for hor milk as well as for
her beef and robo. By thla method a
herd of Galloways would bo produced
that would compare favorably with
other milking breedB. Tho amount of
mi)" wJll not bo as groat na aomo
otl.jr breeds, but tho quality cannot bo
BiirpnsBed."
Mr. It. B. Carusa of Michigan, who
was unnblo to attend the convention,
sent tho following lettor concerning
the milking qualities of the Galloway:
"I find them better ns butter pro
ducers than any of tho other beef
breeds. Somo of them nro extraor
dinary milkers. Wo havo two cows
In our herd, nosy 4th 8C55 and Molllo
Jano 2d 5596, that nro uniiHiially good
milkers. During tho milking season
Rosy 4th gave over forty pounds per
day for threo months, and whon tested
at ono of tho Institutes held hero tho
milk showed G per cent butter fat.
This wns a winter teat. I kept a rec
ord of Molllo Jano at tho samo tlmo
that I kept a record of Rosy, and hor
milk was tested with a Babcock tester
at tho samo tlmo as was Rosy'a. It
showed Vt per cent of butter fat and
a dally yield of milk of over forty-ono
and one-halt pounds. Their feed was
wild hny, two quarts of meal (equal
parts of corn and oats), and thirty
pounds of beets. Anothercow In 'fa
neighbor's herd (not recorded) has
;w.f.e an nvcrngo of two pounds per
day during tho summer. This I con
sider good. 1 also find tho fat par
tlcten vory fine, as a rule requiring a
llttlo longer time for tho cream to rUe,
and after you havo secured what you
can by tho common method of stand
ing for twelvo to thirty-six hours, tho
mk lu still rich. I havo ncvor seen
a J&r or pan of blue, poor-looking milk
from Gnllownys. I wns told by n doc
tor friend of mlno thnt tho milk of
Galloways was tho best ho know of
for feeding Infants. Tho butter seems
quUc firm In texture, nnd stands tho
he,it of summer well, cutting oft firm
Ustead of molting nnd having nn oily
appearance. It has nlso recommended
Itself to our customers."
Mr. McCrao of Ontario said that ac
cording to his expcrlcnco tho Gnllo
way beats every other breed for a fam
ily cow whero tho milk Is to bo used
for infants nnd children of tho family.
Tho Jersey ho thought least ndnptcd
to that purpose, from tho fact thnt Its
milk when skimmed la poor, nnd fur
ther from tho fact that tho fat glob
ules In Jersey milk aro very largo nnd
correspondingly dlfllcult of digestion.
Tho smnll fat globules. In Gnllowny
milk nnd ihc rich character of tho
other solldB In It mnko It, In Mr. Mc
Crao's opinion, nn exceedingly deslr
ahlo food for Infants.
American Cnttlo nnd l'rculi Hoof In tier
tunny nnil HoIrIiiiii.
Frank II. Mason, consul general nt
Borlln, In a report to tho United Stales
government says: Tho lutcst decree of
tho German government affecting
American meats wns promulgated In
July nnd took effect tho samo month.
It declares thnt from Iho 15th of thnt
month fresh beef shall not bo im
ported from Belgium Into Germany. Aa
Belgium has no surplus fresh beef sup
ply to export nnywherc It was nt onco
evident thnt tho dncrco wns In reality
aimed at American beef and wns oc
casioned by the fact that tho Belgian
government, which has for Bovcral
years pnst prohibited tho Importation
of llvo cnttlo from tho United States,
has recently rescinded that restriction,
leaving the butchers of thnt country
free to Import nt certnln designated
ports American cnttlo for immediate
slaughter, nnd, unlcs3 prevented by
now regulations, to export tho meat
thus obtained ncrosa tho frontier Into
Germany. Tho lntest decree Is there
foro tho logical furtherance nnd fulfill
ment of a policy entered on In 1891,
and which has tho following hlstoiy:
During that year Texns fovor prc
vnlled in certain districts In the United
States, and tfie United StnteB depart
ment of ngrlculturo had during sovernl
yenrs provloiiBly tho subjoct under
careful and thorough scientific Investi
gation. Ono vital point upon which
theso studies hinged wns whether
Tcxa8 fever la or la not a bacterlnl
disease. In tho former enso It might
bo asserted thnt thero la great danger
In Its transmission through flies from
fresh-slaughtered beef to llvo cnttlo;
while, If tho view maintained by tho
department of ngrlculturo Is correct
namely, that tho dlseaso Is duo to a
protozoan paraslto and is transmitted,
not from slaughtered beof, but from
nnlmnl to nnlmnl by means of cnttlo
ticks thero could bo no danger of tho
Introduction of thla dlseaso Into nny
foreign country through tho medium of
fresh beef. Furthermore, If tho views
of tho department of ngrlculturo nro
correct, there Is no dnngor of Its In
troduction even from llvo cattle, slnco,
ns a matter of fact, tho cattlo exported
to Europo tiro not taken from tho
Texas fever districts of tho United
Stntcs; and even if they woro taken
from tho Texas fovor districts tho dan
ger of Infection could bo provontcd by
tho removal of tho parasites boforo tho
cattlo leavo America. It has now been
conclusively shown, by eminent bac
teriologists that Texas fover Is not n
bacterial disease but Is conveyed by
ticks.
But In 1894, tho Gormnn government,
assuming tho dlseaso to bo of n bac
terial nature nnd thcrcforo transmis
sible by the meat of dlscnsed cattlo,
issued n decree forbidding tho Importa
tion Into Germany of llvo cnttlo or
fresh beef of American origin, nnd this
prohibition has slnco been rigidly
maintained. Belgium, Donmnrk nnd
other neighboring countries followed
tho load of Germany In this policy.
Belgium has a donao population of
working people, nnd her food import
Is necessarily largo and important. Tho
Belgian government hns therefore an
nulled tho prohibition against tho Im
portation of American cattlo and fresh
meats. Tho Germnn decrco does no
Injury to American trado directly, for
no American fresh meat was being
Imported Into Germany, but whero tho
decree will Injuro Amorlcan Interosts
Is In Denmark, which country Is ready
to follow Belgium's lead in admitting
American cattle, but hesltntca to do bo
for fear that Germany will, In such
event, promptly shut out fresh meat
Imports from Denmark. Tho effect of
tho Gorman decrco thcrcforo Is to shut
American meats out of Denmark.
Preventing Chinch Bug AttackB.
Tho Ohio Station recommends full
mcaaureB for prevention of chinch bug
attacks. All matted grass nnd othor
rubbish In which tho bug winters
should, where possible, It says, ho
burned between now nnd 'May 1st.
Shocks of corn or fodder should bo
drawn off tho wheat fields this fall. If
chinch bugs aro found In timothy
mendows, thoy can bo provontcd from
doing further Injury next spring, by
plowing tho ground quite deeply this
fall, which will plnco them bo far bo
low tho urfaco that thoy will bn de
stroyed, and thus prevented from con
tinuing their ravages noxt year. in
timothy mendows tho pest miiBt bo
looked for Just below tho surfneo of tho
ground nbout tho bulbous roots of the
grass.
A QUESTIONER.
Tlierc'a a llttlo boy nt my Iioiibo,
With a round-oyed, wond'rlng stare;
When ho sees tho daylight going,
Tho little boy nsks mo "Where?"
The world Is so full of marvels!
Ilo'o learning to find thorn now;
And each time n rosebud blossoms
The little boy nsks mo, "How?"
In Om long, still days of summer,
Wh-sn the summer sun Is hot.
As th) wind steals through tho gnrdcrv,
The llttlo boy asks mo "what?"
He keeps mo busily thinking,
Each day Is today again;
Tomorrow should get hero somo tlmol
Tho llttlo boy nsks me, "When?"
Docs nny ono know tho answers?
No matter how hard I try
There's nlways another question
Tho llttlo boy nska mc. "Why "
Clara M. Pratt, In St. NIcholnB.
The Rajah of Sarawak.
The life of the first rajah, Sir JnmcH
Brooke, K. C. U., K. C. M. (1 LL. I).,
readb llko a romance such ns Steven
son or Vcmo might write, nays a con
tributor to St. Nicholas. Ills wan n
wild, restless nature that In his
youth mado him dlssatUfled with tho
quiet of his own English home, and
with tho even tenor of tho days nbout
his father's vlcaruge. He entered the
EngllBh army nnd was dangerously
wounded lu lending n chnrgo against
a detachment of natives In India. He
gave up his commission nnd retired on
a pension nbout tho tlmo ho reached
manhood,
A long nnd nearly fatal sickness did
not quell his thirst for adventure. He
had hardly regained his strength when
ho started out to explore India, Ma
Inya and China. Ho wroto a valuable
journal of his wanderings, nnd re
turned homo Died with tho thought of
exploring tho then unknown Islnnds of
tho Paclllc. Tho sight of tho millions
of acres of rich, untitled land that
were cmbrnced within tho boundnrics
of somo of theso islnmln populated by
n raco of peaceful, Indolont beings, nnd
clnlmcd by no European power, raised
In his mind d renins of a great East
Indian empire.
Tho denth of his father loft him with
a proporty worth $150,000. In splto of
tho protests of his friends, ho very
soon proceeded to fit out a small
schooner, manned nnd nrmed It, nnd
snlled for Singapore, and thence to the
northwest coast of Borneo, landing at
Kiichlng, on the Snrnwnk river, In
183S.
A field of conquest nnd n hope of
empire nt once dawned upon lilm. The
province of Sarawak, n dependency of
tho sultnn of Brunei, was governed by
an old nntlvo rajah, whoso throuo was
menaced by the flcrco, head-hunting
Dynks of the Interior, Brooko saw his
chnnco and enst his fortunes with tho
weak but rightful ruler. Aftor many
mnrches with his llttlo crew nnd nn
army of natives through the almost
mpenctrable rubber Junglas, nnd nfter
many hard-fought battles, tho rebels
wero dislodged from their forts nnd
order restored. Tho young general
then Interposed between tho combat
ants and protected tho defeated from
tho rovongo of tho victors, thereby
winning tho gratitude of tho former
and the confidence of both aides.
Tho sultnn conceived n great liking
for Brooke, and finding that his native
rnjah could not rule the province, he
nrranged that Brooko Bhould become
rajau of Sarawak, as nn Independent
ruler.
Upon his accession to power Rnjah
Brooko set about to reform abuses and
build up tho country. Ho abolished
military marauding, did away with
every form of slavery, established
courts, missions nnd schoolhouscs and
waged fierce war against head-hunting
nnd plrncy.
Hcnd-huntlng wns a remarkable and
extraordinary custom of tho native
Dynks. They strove to secure heads to
decorato their houses, much ns tho
American Indinn longed to go hunting
for scalps. It was an ancient custom.
Plrncy had been for a century the
curso of tho Java seas, but Sir James
Brooko know thnt tho future of his
kingdom depended on Its suppression.
Every iBlnnd and harbor Bwarmed with
pirates. They lived In big towna nnd
had fortresses nnd cannon. They wero
stronger than nny of tho native rulors,
and, knowing this, defied them. Brooko
began with tho feebler towns, conquer
ing one nfter another; then burned
them nnd took possession of their awlft
outrigger canoes, Increasing his forces
from tho very pirates that ho was ex
terminating, nnd bo worked relent
lessly on. Combined with the great
qualities of a fearless fighter, ho had
tho noblo faculty of winning tho good
will and approval of his foes to such
an extent that all through tho strugglo
they fought hnlf-heartcdly, knowing
tho whllo thnt they wero really fight
ing ngalnst their peoplc'a good.
At tho end of nlno years tho last
plrato stronghold waa taken, nnd the
victor folt free to return home, pay his
frlonds a visit nnd solicit missionary
aid to clvlllzo tho country.
1'coclliiK KiUlino Duga.
"Tho duty of feeding tho dogs Is
often Intrusted to tho boys, and It Is
no ensy work," wroto Lieut. Schwatka
to St. Nicholas. "The most common
food for tho dogs Is walrus-skin, about
nn Inch to nn Inch nnd n hnlf thick,
cut In strips each' about ns wldo ns it
Is thick, and from n foot to eighteen
Inches long. Tho dog swallows ono of
theso strips na ho would n anako; and
It In bo tough that whon ho has swal
lowed about twelve pieces, It la no
great wonder thnt ho does not wnnt
anything moro for two dnys. Some
times they cut tho food up Into little
pieces Ineido tho Igloo, whero tho ildgs
can not trouble them, nnd thon ttsr&w
It out on tho snow; but this lo not nl
i together a good Way; for then tho llttlo
dogs get It nil whllo tho big doga ar
lighting, for these big burly follows nro
Hiiro to havo an unnecessary row over
ach feeding. If pieces too lnrgo to
awallow nt a gulp nro thrown Out, tho
largo dogs get tho food; and so, be
tween tho big doga nnd tho llttlo dogs,
the Eskimo boys hnvo a hard tlmo
making nn equal distribution among
tho nnlmnls.
"Ono winter night, I remember,
whllo on our slcdgo-Journey, returning
to North Hudson's Bny, Tooloonh wnB
feeding his dogs, with no ono to help
hi m, Ho was on Ills knees near tho
Igloo door, nnd throwing tho bit.! to
tho various dogs, tho heads of which
wero crowded In tho ontrncc. Ono big
dog, after It had received Its oharo,
having driven nil tho othor dogn nway,
seemed determined not to leavo. Too
loonh grow nngry, seized his stick nnd
ruBhod out nfter It to nottlo matters.
But ho enme rushing back even faster
than ho went out, seized hla gun hur
riedly, nnd na hastily waa gono ngnln.
Beforo we could Biirmlso whnt It mennt,
a shot waa heard, and In n fow nccondti
moro looloonh enmo crawling In,
drugging n big wolf aftor him, Its
white fangs showing In Its black mouth
In n way thnt mado us Bhuddcr. This
wns the big dog Toolooah had been
feeding, but It did not understand tho
customa of tho Eskimo doga well
enough to know thnt It must stop ent
lng when only half satisfied; nnd thla
Ignorance cost it Its llfo."
Aithimla t'an Tool.
Rctigger, tho Germnn biologist ami
naturalist, describes a monkey which
would "emplov a ntlck whcrawlth to
pry up tho lid of n chest, which was too
heavy for tho animal to ralso other
wise." Tho spider thnt Becks out a pebblo
and nnchora hor web with It clearly
makes use of a tool, saya tho Scientific
American. Tho pebblo Is unnlogoua to
the Iron nnchor used by man. Spldors
havo been Been to uso mills for nnchora.
A Cnpuchln monkey waa given somo
wnlnutii which he tried to crack with
his teeth, but found he waa not strong
enough. Ho then solr.i l a atono which
wns near by, held tho mi to on tho
ground with oun hnud nnd used hl
stono hnmnior with tho othor, with ex
cellent result8. Other monkeys havo
been seen to utillzo' mitplcks.
On ono occasion, owing to cxceoslvo
bent, ono of tho combs of a.bcohlvo be
came detnehqd and wan In great danger
of fulling. Tho bees nt onco Bet to work
nnd erected u ahorlng pillar botween
tho engendered comb and the ono next,
to It. Tho pillar braced tho comb and
kept It from fulling. Then thoy re
built tho wax cells fastening tho comb
to tho wall nnd nftorward removed tho
pillar.
A iinturnllst found black nrita wero
devouring tho nklns of somo bird speci
mens on a tablo bo In mndo tar circles
on four pieces of paper nnd put ono
under each leg of tho tablo. Ants will
not cross tnr. Pretty soon ho found
tho ants busily nt work again nnd look
ing nt tho tnr circles found onch ono
wna bridged by bits of sand which tho
clever nuts had brought In from tho
street.
In 1882 n naturalist saw a monkey at
tho fair grounds n St. Louis, Mo.,
which would pry apart tho bars of hla
cago with n stick. When given a cano
ho would examine It carefully, ns If
mentally testing Its atrongth; ho would
then plnco it between tho bars nt just
tho right spot nnd swing back on It
with nil hla might. When ho hnd
sprung tho bars apart ho would squcezo
through and "go on a prowl."
lliiB fur I'liln.
Threo of tho moat curious pots thnt
wore over fed woro brought to, tho City
of Mexico recently, says tho Jftl'nncnpo
lla Journal. They wero brought by tho
butler In the household of President
Dinz, who hns been on n trip to Pro
grcso. They nro threo bugs of a rnro breed.
Tho only plnco In tho world lu which
thoy nro found la Yucatan. Tho aver
ago specimen Ib nbout nn inch and u
hnlf long. Its body Is In two sections,
resembling tho bodies of aomo species
of tho beetle, und oach section is cov
ered with n stout shield or pinto, which
Is almost flat, curving but n llttlo at
tho edges. When tho head of tho bug
la placed under a microscope It looks
rather Intelligent nnd amiable.
Tho bugs aro In a highly ornnto
state. Some cunning artist of Yucatan
has painted shields In tho Mexlcnn na
tional colors on tho rear plates of thoir
bodies, and highly colored bunches of
flowers on tho front plntca and has
glided their long, double-up legs. Llt
tlo gold chains nro attached to tho
mlddlo of tho roar pinto, which la tho
larger of each bug's body, by which hla
bugahlp can bo lifted or lod around.
Ono of tho buga waa presented to
President Diaz, ono to n Mexican lady
nnd the othfr to nn Amorlcan lady.
They nro potB in tho literal Bonao, of
tho word. Tho American lady's bug Ib
receiving nil kinds of aollcltoua atten
tion nnd scorns to llko It. An effort
will bo mndo to tonch him somo trlcka.
His habits and manners aro being
closely watched. Ho loves tho sun
shine, having been raised in tho hot
country, nnd when ho Is lifted by his
gold chain and dropped In tho full
glare of tho aim, with tho cork of n
beer bottle In front of him to munch,
ho tjccma to bo supremely happy.
Perfect Salting. Perfect snltlug is
'that which tnatea "all right." Tho ol(
rulo la "nn ounce to ono pound," but
It Ib not accurate; sometimes moro lu
needed, na when suiting la dona In tho
churn, nnd sometimes less, as when tho
granules nro lnrgo nnd the butter quto
dry. Tho criticisms In salt road, ",ibap
nnd grJtty" In moat caeca,- Er-
