HOW WARSHIPS ARE TESTED. Miniature Basin in Which the Models Are Practiced. For over fifteen Hlchborn, chief of years Admiral the construction bureau of the navy, has been endeav orlng to secure the building of an ex perimental nnvnl basin. Ho was sent abroad by Secretary Chandler as far back as 1884, to see what Improve ments had been devised In ship build ing by other countries, and came back with tho Idea for this In his brain. But It was not until towards the closo of the fifty-fourth congross that ho was able to secure an appropriation of tho necessary $100,000 to put his plans Into operation. Tho need of such tanks has been recognized for n still longer time, but tho governments have hesitated to go Into It sufficiently to attain tho best results. Mr. William Donny, the most progressive of the Scotch builders, and tho owner of tho only private basin In tho world, said recently In discussing the question: "Of all tho problems about n steamship tho only ones Incapable of being solv ed at tho present moment by a priori method nro those relating to speed and power. No ability and no training will enable oven tho most skillful architect to ovcrcomo tho want of an experi mental tank In coping with these two questions." It la to find out this Ideal hull the one thnt will attain tho max imum result of speed, of carrying pow er, or of whatever other quality that may ho desired that tho United States has erected, after many years of solicitation on the part of the bu reau of construction and repair, this enormous basin. Tho basin was au thorized by congress two years ago, nnd already partial experiments havo been begun to determine the best shapes for the hulls of the now war ships authorized last March. The tank has a length of COO feet and along each or Its long sides Is laid a railway on which runs n "towing carriage," which extends like a bridge over tho tank from sldo to side. When tho great weight of the vehicle, twenty-five tons, is taken into consideration, as well as tho rapid ity with which It moves and tho perfect control un der which It oper ates at all limes, It will bo easily un derstood that tho whole process of operation 1b llttlo Bhort of marvelous. In fact tho motor carriage of tho model basis Is a mechanical wonder and a thing almost entirely unique. On It Is n complicated piece of machinery, worked by tho Ward - L o o n a r (1 system of electrical control, capable of driving the car rlago along at twenty - five miles an hour, within 200 feet of tho starting place. Hung to this bridge cnrrlagc by meana of a dy namometer, will models which it bo i.s tho various designed to test, each loaded so as to float the oxact proportionate depth designed for tho ship. As tho carriage sweeps along towing the model, the dyna mometer will register tho reslstenco of tho water to that particular form of bow at each speed from ono knot an hour up to thirty. If It Is found that tho reslstence Is greater than It should bo, the model will bo tnken bnck to tho carpentering establishment and trimmed down or built out, ns may be thought best, and then tried again and again until tho very best shape for the purpose intended is resolved upon. When ono Is finally ndopted, the re slstenco of the water to its progress at various speeds will bo carefully noted, and from this It will bo very simple to calculate tho exact power of tho en gines required to glvo tho ship, when built, the greatest speed. Hereafter there will be no danger that tho en gines will be found too weak, thus losing speed, or too heavy and strong, thim losing weight, that might bo bet ter devoted to some other part of tho vessel. There Is ono special advantago In tho high speed which can ho nttalncd in tho tank which a layman will neces sarily overlook. It results from the tendency of a ship to bore downwards In tho water. Tho faster sho goes the deeper sho will bore, tho more of her will be submerged and largo will bo the displacement. For lnstanco tho coast defense vessel Monterey, whon running nt full speed, plunges her en tire body under water, thus offering a much greater surface to tho water and Increasing tho reslstence to her pas sage. It Is evident that portions of tho bow which aro well out of the wa ter at ten knots tho maximum speed attainable In nny of tho European tanks will be submerged entirely at twenty knots, and that as much caro should bo taken to design so ns to of fer the least resistance of tho upper portion to the water as Is taken with tho lower portions, which aro always submerged. Yet never In the hletory of Uvi world has It been possible to ascertain the best shape for them In advance of actual test after the ship has been completed, when, of course, It Is too late for alteration. Objections may be made that the tank offeM, after all, only smooth water fa cilities, nnd will not give evidence as to work in a sea way. At one end of the tank is to be placed a powerful propeller, which vlll send waves to meet the model quite as strongly pro portionately to tho size as arc likely to bo encountered by the ship In the open sea. Further, In one corner of tho building which Incloses the cntlro tank will be placed a powerful electric fan, which can get up a very good Imi tation of a gale of wind. Alt these points were worked out very carefully by Naval Constructor David W. Taylor before tho building of tho plant was begun, nnd Micro was theoretically no doubt that all would work correctly. Still, careful testa were determined upon to show thnt these calculations were accurate. In othor words, to make everything per fectly safe, tho "sum" had to bo "proved." For this purpose, models have been or are being constructed of tho Iown, tho Brooklyn, tho Italclgh, and othor vessels at present In existence. Abund ant records, of course, exist an to the speed of theso actual vessels In all sort) of weather nnd under nil condi tions. If, when their models are tested In the tank, they should give results which, when worked out, should agree with the results In actual practice, It would be proof that other ships built on models obtained in tho tank would also glvo tho expected results. If, on tho other hand, It wore found that tho results were somewhat different, they would give a basis for calculating the amount by which the final ship should be made to differ from tho tank model. Naturally, Mr. Taylor felt more or less anxiety In regard to tho ilrst ex periment. This wns made with a twenty-foot wooden model of tho Iowa, double tho length of any model used abroad. So far, thla has been tested nt various speed up to twelve knots, and tho results havo been practically Iden tical with those shown by the Iown's log books. In n few days experiments will bo made at greater speeds. At present tho machinery Is eo new that it is not thought prudent to uso too great velocity. As tho various parts get adjusted to each other, and tho machinery, so to speak, "finds" Itself, tho speeds will bo Increased till they reach the maximum. At present every thing Is rough and discordant, nnd makes a great deal of noise. This, the men In charge say, will soon wear off. HALF A CENTURY ACO. Why People Didn't Need Vumt'on In Thorn Day. George S. Boutwell, ex-governor and cx-fcenator, writes to the Boston Olobo: "Thero Is very good reason why peo plo need more vacation now than in tho past. Today the hours of labor for tho averago mechanic may bo very much less thnu formerly, but tho kind of lnbor that ho performs Ik greatly more exacting and wearing than tho work of a mechanic was CO years ago. A man laboring In a shop or a factory or on tho farm today must do every thing with great caro and skill. It ho works only eight hours a day the work Is steady and uninterrupted nnd It demands an expenditure of consid erable Intellectual effort. When I was a boy, a farm hand, for example, wont about his tasks leisurely, stopped to talk and to rest frequently during tho day, and Insisted on an occasional draft of rum. His hours of labor may havo been from sun up to sun down, but his actual tlmo of labor was much less than that of a farm hand today. Fifty years ago It was tho same In every other kind of occupation. A mechanic wont nbout his work with out any sene of hurry. Nobody seem ed to hurry In those days. The busi ness man bad fewer cares and lighter responsibilities. There was seldom a rush about anything, because the fa cilities for rushing were not so numer ous as they aro today. Thcro was no railroads when I whs a oy, no tele graph, no telephone, no tlx-day ocean steamers. Everything nccessnrlly was on a slower scale. Men's nerves were not constantly straining, and tho anxieties of a week were not so great as tho anxieties of a day aro now. This wns true also of tho professions. Tho clergyman hnd to preach twice on Sun day, but tho kind of sermon thnt was expected of him did not Involve close study of contemporary affairs. Dur ing tho week ho did practically as he liked. Tho clergyman today has In numerable demands on his time nnd energy, with nil kinds of charitable and philanthropic nnd quasi-clerical projects and organizations. Ho must bo a man of active affairs. Sixty years ago the lawyers hnd an Infinitely nar rower Held. People went to law about a strip of land or a title to a piece of property. Today the lawyers handle cases Involving tho most Intricate com mercial complications nnd engage In the settlement of disputes over mil lions of dollars. There were no patent cases half a century ago, and today there are thousands, nnd the lawyers who handle them must be good me chanics as well ns learned in tho law. So It Is true of every profession and almost every occupation today. A man works harder and longer, nnd has greater anxiety nnd heavier responsi bility. 1 believe thnt vacations snvo many lives. They nro very necessary, because the life that wo lend drains the system of Its strength, nnd tho mechanic must stop for rest and repair or break down." NIPPONISM IN JAPAN. It H u Drawing l!nck Into tlm National Shell. A Japanese boy, a middle-school stu dent, came Into my study tho other day and said ho did not believe In using nny foreign language In speaking to foreigners, snys tho Kobe Herald. Ho believes all Japanese ought to use their own language, and make foreign- era learn to speak In Japanese. This was so unique nnd refreshing, coming from a student, that I was in a quan dary for a moment, not knowing how to take It. But ho informed mo that ho was a Nippon Shugl man, and that was tho way to preservo natlonnl In stitutions. Thero Is a growing dread among a largo class of Japanese that the national institutions nro in danger of being swallowed up In tho hurried Europeanlzlng of things; hence the spread of Nlpponlsm, tho drawing back Into a natlonnl shell. Tho national spirit will be lost If too much leaning toward foreign things Is allowed, hence tho nbsenco of any English on tho re cent Iksuo of postage stamps. Tho May number of tho Talyo has not ono word of English In It not even Tho Sun on tho title page. No more English con tents, no English names under the pic tures. Nlpponlsm hns gone mnd. Sllciulni; mi Audience. A clever bit of campaign reparteo is accredited to Leo Falrchild, tho Cal ifornia orator who leaped Into nation al repute In 18G9. Ho was sent Into a Southern stato to advocate tho gold standard. At a certain place ho was Informed by tho commltteo that tho "rally" would begin and end about tho name time, and that not since 188.1 had any republican speakor beon per mitted to finish a speech thcro. Upon lenrnlng thnt tho speakers us a rule had been nblo to get out of tho town nnd fill their next appointments, Fair child determined to mnko tho attempt as billed. Ho advised tho chairman to have no music and to Introduce him by baying to tho audience: "You aro tho people nnd hero Is the speaker." Tho chairman followed Instructions a llttlo too literally. Ho simply pointed at tho audience and then nt the speak er and disappeared behind tho scenes. Falrchild began his speech nt onco with ono of his famous stories. Tho nudlonco was separated, the colored folk all being In tho gal lory, and only whlto people below. In about five minutes tho speaker made a pointed thrust f.t tho opponent party, when an orgunlzcd body of young men In tho contor of the thMtor houtoa In concert "Itnts!" Falrchltd paused for a moment, nnd then waving his hand at the gallery said: "Walter, come down and take tho Chinamen's orders!" Tho effect was electrical. The speaker In relating tho Incident to tho writer snld: "You should have seen thnt black hillside of faces slop ing 5) havenward break Into ledges of pearl." DEWEY'S SHIRT SVtlTEM. Scheme to (iUr Knelt Ourniri t the Hunu Amount of Wear. There resides In Washington nt tho present tlmo a mnn who has knowu Admiral Dewey for the past thirty years, during which tlmo their ac quaintance has been marked by tho most friendly and social Intercourse. Iu speaking of the true churacter of the famous nnvnl hero this friend said: "Thcro In little difference between tho Dowey of today nnd the Dewey of 25 yenrs ago. Dewey was as popular an officer as could be found In the nnvy, nnd during our cruises ho was always a desired guest at banquet. He was a splendid messmate, full of manly sentiment, nnd ever ready to lend tho melody of his Hwect tenor voice In n chorus. One trait that always at tracted the attention of the acquaint ance of Admiral Dewey was his ex tremely neat appearance. He dressed In the morning with a strict regard for the demands of n professional mnn, nnd when he left his apartments for tho club In the evening his outfit could be used ns a model for a society man. His figure Is rather below medium height, but trim and well knit. From tho conservatively tdinped hat to the round-toed shoes he wore, everything boro tho earmarks of gentility nnd refinement. He wns fastidious about every fenturo of his dress, nnd nlwayn had his shoes made on the same shaped last. Tho tare ho observed In his dress was followed In the prrangc mcnt of his wardrobe. Everything had Its place, and ho knew exactly whero to find a handkerchief, a shirt or col lar. In fact, ho might be called a crank on the subject, having Invented an odd custom for keeping his shirts so that one could not be worn oftenor than an other. They arc all numbered, rang ing from 1 to 111. He hnd a chiffonier containing an equal number of d raw- era, Just wide enough to recclvo a shirt. Ho begins nt tho top and wears tlm shirt In drawer No. 1, then tho gar ment In drawer No. 2, nnd so on down tho line. Ho Is Just ns particular about othor parts of his wardrobe, also." Brooklyn Eagle. Napoleon' Dentil Miink. On March I, 1821. tho day after great Napoleon died. Automarchl, physician, took a plaster cast of tho his his face, and for this death mask ho was soon nftorwnrd offered Xfi.OOO by a wealthy London collector of curiosi ties. Ho refused the offer and retained tho mask iu his possession until ho had secured a perfect copy of It In bronze. Tho original cast was then offered for sale In London, tho price asked bolng first ilfi.000. and after wards X 5,000. No purchaser, how over, appeared, and tho same wns tho enso In Brussels, where tho price asked was 100,000 francs. Tho bronzo mask had mcnnwhllo become tho property of the society entitled tho Hons of Glory, nil of whom were nt one time officers of tho grand nrmy. Whenever a mem ber of tho socloty died the mask was placed on his coflln during tho funeral services. After the death of tho last member tho mask passed into the pos session of Miss Forty, an English Indy. She has Just died, and nt tho sale of her effects the once famous mask fetch ed a comparatively small sum ridicu lously small, Indeed, when compared with the sum which was once offered to Automarchl. Another Mine (Initio. The famous Bluo grotto of Cnprl has now a rival In tho state of Minnesota. It occurs In a lnko on tho shores of which there Is n cavern of white lime stone flooded, with water. A Hwlmmer enters tho cavo, nnd, turning to look upward, sees the most beautiful shades of green and bluo Iu the water anil a silvery sheen over his submerged limbs. Iron llolilrr. Tops of worn-out boots or SllOCd tnaku excellent Iron holders, TIII5Y WILL 111 FREE To!r;3ka' First Will Oomo Homo at Stato Dxpcnso. ME MONEY HAS BEEN PROVIDED. nr. I'ojruter (1Im tlm llurllncton Itoml the .lot. or limiting tlm Holttlcrt Will Lre 8n Krnnrliro on tint 3lltli CongrnttiiMi 8trk nnd Adjntunt Men em! Dtrry Leave for tho Writ. LINCOLN, Nob., Aug. 22. Governor Poyntcr Inst night Issued tho following Mi tcmcnt: "Citizens of Nebr.vk '. nm gl&d announce- to tho pntrlolh cltUcnu of Nebraska that tho monoy for Hpeclal train to bring homo her cnllnnt Mint Nebrnska regiment has till bum sent In. Nebraska will bring hor boys homo In n manner boflttlng hor high appre ciation of their worth nnd tho lienor they have conferred upon their siato. Arrangements will bo mndu for special trnlnH to leave San Francisco noxt Sat urday morning. Huch company will bo returned direct to their homo stn- tlon. I hnvo sent Adjutnnt General Barry and Hon. W. L. Stark to San Francisco to attend to tho buslnes.! In terest!) of the state In tho ontrneUwIth tho transportation companies. "1 desire to thank nnd congratulate tho citlzciiH of Nebrnska for their prompt action and tho splendid man ner In which they hnvo uphold tho good nnme of the state. I wish to re turn In this public manner my sincere thanks to Hon. 1). 10. Thompson of Lincoln, who camo to tho rescuo when tho cnuso had become hopoless, and bhowed his splendid faith In Nobn.nka and hor pcoplo by a pledge of $20,000. I would be glad to thank and congratu late each ono of tho long list of donors whoso pledges range from $1 to $3,000, but tho list is too long. Kufllco It to say tho demonstration ib complete and No branka shows alio Is proud of her spien dld regiment. "W. A. I'OYNTER, Govornor." Govornor l'oyntei uwiudcd the rontract for transporting tho troops to tho Burlington railroad. In deciding between the roads ho was Influenced by tho fact that that roa.l can carry all but two of tho twelve companies to their orlglunl enmp hendqunrtcrs. Tho Madison and Fullerton companies will bo tnkon to Columbus, only twenty-llvo miles from their home station. By 9 o'clock Inst ovonlim tho money received nnionntcd to ?30,'i50. This In cludes all contributions received up to that time. Thcro aro still many sub scriptions thnt hnvo not been paid In and It iu thought thnt tho total amount will reach nearly $10,000. I). E. Thompson was naked by dov ornor I'oynter to necomnr.ny Colonel Stark nnd Adjutnnt Genornl Bary to tho coast to moot tho regiment, but ha decided thnt tho public might mis construo hln motives If ho occopted the Invitation. A nicssngo was iient to General Shatter asking that tho regiment bo mustered out Friday so that thu sol dicru can start Saturndy morning. Tho different rullroadn over which thoy will travel have tilso been notified to hnvo tho necessary cars at San Francisco by that tlmo. Governor i'oynter and tho ontlro cleiicnl forco of tho oxecutlvo olllco woro kept buny receiving subscrlptlonB and money from all sections of tho stnto and telegrama kept pouring In Hlnco Sunday morning iiiinoiiiiclng other subscriptions which would fol low. Tho appeal of tlm governor bus mot with a noblo nnd patriotic io sponso from all sections and If all tho money that In already subscribed Is sent In to the governor's ofllco tho amount will oxceed the necessary cost of transportation by several thousand dollnrs. Numerous subscriptions, rnnglng In amount from $100 to ovor $1,000, havo been received from mayors over tho stato and banks almost without num ber havo notified tho governor to draw on them for stated amouiitH, some of theso being their own contributions and others for Individual depositors. It had been hoped by Goernor I'oynter nnd others Interested In the project to bring the boys home, that tho railroads might be Induced to offer a reduced rate. In thin respect nil attempts resulted uiiHuceoHtifully. as tho threo Nebraska linos connecting with the lllo Grando nt Denver com bined and offer a similar rate. FROOrS ARE RUSHED TO FRONT. Vcvr T'ollc.v of Celerity In Iniiiicuriited lir Kecrctiirj Itoot. WASHINGTON. Aug. 22.-Onlors Were Issued yesterdny directing the movement of tho Twenty-sixth Infan try from Plnttsbnrg. N. Y.. to San Francisco. Tho regiment will go via Hoston and Providence. The quartermaster's department, acting under Instruction!! from Secre tary itoot. Is negotiating for moro transports for tho Philippine service. Owing to the determination of Sec retary Hoot to rush the troops forward, tho original schedule prepared In the qiinrtermnster'H department hns been entirely disarranged, and It is tho de partment's Intention to hnvo not only tlm first ten regiments afloat by tho last of October, but also those to bo raised under tho Inst order. Nine foldlcr Are Droit nril, MANILA, Aug. 22 While a recon noltorlng party of tho Twenty-fourth Infantry, under Captain Crane, was crossing tho Mnrlqulnn river on a raft today tho hawser broke. Tho current, very swift at that point, caused tho raft to capslzo, drowning nl no enlisted men. Tho United States transport Tartar, from Ban Francisco, July 21, with Gen eral Joseph Wheeler and his daughter, troops of tho Nineteenth Infantry nnd moro tlmn $1,300,000 In coin, has ur-rlved. A NEBRASKA CATTIEMAN KILLED Quarrel Over rmturnKO High n Itcsult In Cohl-lltoodoil Murder. CHADHON, Nob., Aug. 22. Thomas Ryan, n prominent cattleman, was shot nnd Instantly killed by Frank Coll a young sheepman, fifteen miles southeast of this city. This disastrous nffalr Is tho direct result of a feud that has always ex isted between the cnttlonicn. who claim priority of right on pasturago lands, nnd tho sheepmen, who have In sisted that thoy woro equally entitled to the gonoral uso of tho land for the grazing of tholr sheep. From reports coming In from tho scciio of tho murder, It Is learned that Rynu wna the aggressor nnd inalstod thnt young Coll, who Is but 21 years old, should movo his sheep from whore thoy woro then grazing. This Coll rc- fusod to do. Hot words woro ex changed, when suddenly, without n word of warning, young Coll whipped out n revolver and taking dollborato aim, shot Hynn, killing him almost Instantly. Friends of Uynn soon not ified tho coronor, hut up to a Into hour ho hnd not returned from tho scene of tho tragedy, Coll Immediately camo to this city and gave himself up. When ques tioned ho seemed grently excited nnd nothing nlithentlc could bo lcarncA from him. Tho cold-blooded murdor of Eckmnn, who wna Rhot down by cat tlemen several months ago, la still fresh In tho minds of every ono. In view of tho lntcnso fcollng provnlllng between tho two factions, tho outcome of tho murder of Hynn will bo watched with unusual Interest. The prediction Is mndo that moro blood la likely to How, unless sonio moro dodnlto ngrecinent can bo satis factorily agreed on to govern the rights of the cattle and sheepmen, who nro constantly warring with each othor over pasturago lands. GERMAN MINISTRY RESIGNS. Defeat of tho Knitter' l'et Men mi re In Diet Mity (lluingo (loverniiient. BERLIN, Aug. 22. During tho aft ernoon n cabinet mooting whb held at tho resilience of Prince Hohcnlnho, tho Imperial chancellor nnd tho whole cab inet agreed to resign. Tho acceptance of tho niliilfitors' resignations Is tin certain. Tho newspapers of this city recog nize tho fact that the rejection by the Diet of tho canal bill marks an epoch In political history of tho country nnd point out thnt the conservatives, for tho first tlmo since the formation of tho empire, havo openly dulled a man date of their sovereign. The question of the dissolution of the Diet as n result of tho defeat ot the c:nnl bill la much talked about, hut such a stop la not likely until tho upper houso linn approved tho now civil code. Opinion Is much divided an to what Emperor Wllllnm may do In tho matter, many porsons hellovlng that tho ministry's resignation will bo accepted. In any case, It Is asserted, tho government will havo to encounter In tho next elections n great moral force, tho conservative Junkoro having hitherto been Invariably on Itn aide, DEAD BODIf S FOUND AT PONCE. 'I'tToul j-l'U n Ilumli-eil 1,1 r en r.nst In Wc.st I ii (1 In tt Hurricane. PONCE, P. H Aug. 22. It Is now estimated that 2,r00 bodies of tho vlc llmii of tho recent hunictino havo boon burled, that over 1,000 were Injured In tho storm, nnd thnt 2,000 nro missing. Thero nro opportunities horo for In vestors. Thero Is tho greatest lack of money for ropalrlng damage, replacing and replenishing stocks. Tho nlcaldea appointed committees for the distri bution of relief ntorcs, etc , but tho mil itary authorities objected to It. Police In lionlM.,,, though bodies con tinue to ho found In the fields. The uuthoiitlcs have decided to burn tho ruins of Yubiico. Troop for I'ort Crnnlc, WASHINGTON, Aug. 22. Adjutnnt Gonoral Corbln cabled General Brooko the HUbstanro of nn order recalling four companion of the Tenth Infantry from Cuba and Bonding them to Fort Crook, Neb. What companies Gonoral Brooko will nolect for transportation to tho United StnteB Ib problematical, tho officials at the war department contontlng themselves with the aasor tlou that it will bo tho battalion hav ing seen the mo.it service In Matanzns or Cardenas. Company D of tho Seventh Infantry, now at Fort Crook, will In all proba bility remain at that post for nomo time, although It Ib on tho cards to send the Sovonth Infantry to tho Phil ippines some tlmo during tho fall. Director of Cuban Ccnu, WASHINGTON, Aug. 22. Secretary Hoot has nlgiied the order for the Cu ban census, Tho ordor appoints Llou tennnt Colonel Joseph B, Sanger di rector of tho census, nnd Victor H. Olmsted assistant director. It was at first Intended thnt Mr. Olmsted should be director and Colonol Sangor super intendent for tho war department. Tho chiingn places tho direction of tho census moro omphntlcnlly undor tho control of tho wnr department. Tho census Is to be completed by or boforo November .10. Altitrk Atticrlc.ill Kitllori. LONDON. Aug. 22. A Hpoclal dis patch received hero today from Leg horn. Italy, says flvo men havo beon nrrcsted thero on the charge of attack ing and wounding some snllnrs who had come nshoro from tho United Statea crnlRor Olympln. Utterly Wiped Out ly l'lre. OniPPLE CHEEK, Colo., Aug. 22. Flro ban utterly destroyed tho business postlon of tho city of Victor, causing a losfi estimated nt $2,000,000. Begin ning iibortly nftcr noon, Lie flro raged until evening, consuming ovorythlng In ItB way. It had Its origin, It Is thought In tho Merchants' cafe, adjoining tho Bank of Victor, on tho corner of Third iitreet nnd Victor nvonuo. A strong wind from the south fanned the flnmea and In u few minutes all the surround ing houso were afire.