' iVl u s i cti rCoTu i n i v IWUal by IUlh IU I'nlAcke, Violinist with the Allinnce School of Music Music An ii language. Music as a language is m long nory which takes In phazes of life seemingly irrelevant to the subject of music, but which in its ultimate sum mary shows wonderful as well as startling revelations between music fnd the life of man. This subject I shall take entirely from Ilerlrt Spencer's "Ks:;ny on the Origin and Function of Music." This essay, to me, is the last word in the varying theories of how music came to be, and being long and the steps of mus ical progrens given so gradually that ilose attention will be necessary to the succeeding article, and perhaps a revkw will be necessary of the pre ceding artic le before attcinptitiK the low one. In both man and animals are those elements known as sensations or emotions to which thy give expres sion in v;'jious ways. Uccause of these, sensations or emotions, which are mere terms for the very common word-feeling, there is a direct result, namely, muscular action in both man and animals. This Is plainly under stood when one considers the com mon ocenrance of the chained dog who, seeing the approach of his mas ter, wags his tail slightly, due to the faint hope that he is about to be set free; and when he is about to be unchained makes it very difficult on account of his jumping about and. wriggling; and then when he is fin ally free leaps and bounds at top speed from the joy of freedom. The kitten arches her back to meet the caressing hand and the canary hops and dances upon her perch in Joy. In man we find that pleasure brings smiles to his face; children will smack their lips after an agree able taste; people will beat time to a pleasing tune with either head or foot; hand chipping is indicative of appreciation of some performance, etc. Now these few illustrations, of which more could be cited, pertained to pleasurable sensations or emo tions which caused muscular action of some kind in both man unci ani mals. Mow turning to the opposite emotions of pain or anger, we find tiie angry lion lashing his sides with Ms tail, the dog retracting his lips, the horse throwing back his ears. And while notoriously patient in pain animals are often seen to shrink in pain and a dull look comes 'o their eyes in excess of pain. A sudden twinge causes a convulsive start in man, and if the pain increases he clenches his fists and sets his teeth tightly tocether. Then if the pain persists he often rolls upon the floor in convulsions. Then again pounding the table is indicative of extreme anger. All of these illustrations and many more not mentioned may be use-el to show how upon the increase of the sensation or emotion the muscular: action increases as witness in the case of increase of anuer in man fiu;t starting in frowns, in compressed lips, goes on to produce grinding of the teeth, clinching of the fingers, Mowf of the fist on the table, and perhaps ends in a violent attack on the .offending person.. "From the pursing of the mouth .indicative of flight dlhpleasu-e, up to eh" fr:.,;,ie istruiieH of the maniac, we find th:t im-nlal irritation tends to vep; i 'f in bodily activity." And bo all feel ings pleasurable or painful cause' muscular action, and the increase of the emotion causes the increase of the muscular action. The connection between all this and music is that music is euiiaally vocal, and all vocal sounds are pro duced by certain musclec. These muscles are the muscles of the chest, larynx, and vocal chords, and are sK Into action by the pleasurable or painful sensations just mentioned. r in Riamelyfrpaucr?r r As a one-man power plowing outtit the Ruinely General Utility ments for efficient work, simplicity and ease of operation. Tractor -and plows are combined in one machine, and the control of the entire out lit is centered in front of the operator's seat. All gearing is enclosed in air tight cases and run in oil. No working parts are exposed to dirt. Hyatt roller bearings are used throughout. No vibration. A real tractor at the right price. The plows are automatically raised and lowereJ the simple pressure of the foot on the trip raises or lowers the plows at the will of the operator. The plows are hitched to one iHe to thit all three wheels are on unplowed ground at the same time the load is so balanced that there is no draft on the tractor. F. A. CLARK, Agent DEMONSTRATOR AT ALLIANCE, Ativaiu e-lluniely anil tJarr-Kcoit line of power farming machinery. rj IH ii ii iririi. .. ii trUI mum, tiie iHiiaiy chirp Mid the kit ten purs. . Man la pain shrieks and groans, and in Joy laughs aloud. And. so our underlying principle Is that pleasurable and painful emo tions cause muscular action which In turn causes vocal sounds. But let us carry it a bit further. With the vary ing Intensities of the emotions the muscles producing sound will be af fected In varying ways and most con sequently produce varying sounds which is Just what happens; and now appears our closest relation between music and mere vocal sounds, for both possess the same characteristics of loudness, ciuality or timbre, pitch, intervals, and rate of varriation; and these we shall take up next week. l-'orctlioiiglit People are learning that n little forethought often saves them a big rxpeiiF". Here Is an Instance: E. W. Archer. Caldwell, Ohio, writes: "I do not believe that our family has been without Chamberlain's Colic. Cholera and Diarrhoea Hemedy since we comm need keeping house years ago. When we go on an extended visit we take it with lis." Obtaina ble everywhere. Ad v -June EXAMS EXEMPTIONS Large Number of Students in Alli ance Schools Did Not Need to Take Filial llxam I nations In the Alliance schools the stud ents in the grades below the high school who have not been4tardy dur ing the semester, who have not been absent to exceed five days and who have taken all previous- examina tions, are excused from taking the semester examinations if they have an average of ninety per cent with the grade in no subject below eighty per cent. The following pupils were excused from examinations this year on ac count of the above rules: Third tirade: Harold Campbell, Parker Davis. DeNeen Harmon, George Jeffers, Evelyn Kuhn, Robert Lalng, Verne Laing, Florence Lot speich, Frank Mounts, James Ponath, Hilda Kehder, Mabel Sturgeon, Mary Wilson. Lowell Beans. Billy Bogue, Harold Brlce, Bertha Bye, Hazel Ed wards, Harriett Hamilton, Willie Reiser, Dorothy Mote, Herbert- Mil ler, Stella Moore, Clayton Romlg, Uetta Simpson, Jesse Sloan, Paul Thompson, Inez Young. Fourth Grade: Charles Cross, Wil liam Blcknell, King Bobbins, Henry Hopkins. Betty Shaw, Helen Hawes, Katharine Harris, Virginia Eubank, Phyllis Thompson, Dorothy Hurst, Leota Whisman, Lilla Graham. Anna Reiser, Vivian' Corbett, Julia Mart, Artie Leigh, Valentine Lawrence, Mildred Pate, Buster Calder, Cecil Bird. Fifth Grade: Merle Mark, Mable Garrett. Cecil Wilson. Fred Purdy, Lester Cross, Margaret Schill, Thom as Liehe, Lola. id Messex. Maurice Dodd, Acnes Miller, Alton Mote, Ida Sti'pson. Doris Miller, Inez Hagan, Ruth Kagan. Ella Gafert. Sixth tirade: Dorothy Hampton. Huth Stanton. Uaymond Lewis. Hel en Moore. Mariellen Beagle. Evelyn Bcite. Robert Gavin. Novella Cour tcy. Oral Edwards, Pauline Kid 1, Royal Irwin, Charlotte Roberts, lima Miller. Llal.U" O: h rne. Clarence R.iHs. Eunice Younkin. Seth .loder, M-rss.-'ei lianii'.icn. S'vrnth Giad-v 'l--l-n Andcrsoi;. Ruby Campbell. Willia," Cotant, La Khea Lunn. Elsi- Simpson. Margaret Shawver, Marie Howe. Ivan Acheson, Sterling Harris, Bonnie Ithoda. Lilly Simpson, Robert Lawrence, Glenna Lawrence. Clara Brown, Ida Dodd, Elly Woods. William Williams. Fran ces Grassman, Irina Ellis, Luc ile Cur ry. Eighth Grade : .It ssie Burns, Abra ham Burger, Win Dunn. . Ray Ed wards, Harold Gavin, Glenn Joder, Victor Martin, Velnia Martin, Mai- 3G Kan, Katharine Baker, Hertha Oar ett, Ruth Hawes, Helen Lore, Wil liam Lunn, Aacnath Schill, Stanley Wright. In the high school students who have not been tardy nor absent to exceed five days, provided this ab sence is for a satisfactory reason, are excused from the examinations In the subjects in which they have made a grade of ninety per cent or better, if they have taken all previous examin ations during the semester. The fol lowing students were excused from all examinations: Ninth Grade: Edward Curtis. Grace Spacht, Viola Soth. Clarissa Soth. Tenth Grade: Annie Reeves, Maud Nason, Esther Sheldon, I.eo Snyder. Lucille Fawcett. Eleventh tirade: Lester Harvey, Oral Harvey, Florence At., Jeanette Haney, Dollle llagaman, Eleanor Harris, Edith Vanderwark, Donna Lahoda. Twelfth Grade: Carl Powell, Ralph Smith. Jennie Wain, Mildred Camp bell, Hannah Cotant, Mildred Zitrn, Alice Graham, Janet Grassman, Mar ian Grebe, Helen Schott, Marian Mote, Carol Nason, Ruth Nation. Katharine Schill. Pupils neither absent nor tardy In the Alliance schools were as follows: Beginners: Lucy Merk, William Fuller, Dorr Mark. First Grade: Arline Dobry, Bever ly McGill. Harold Jeffers, Dorothy Davis. Second tirade: Ruth Wilson, Leon ard Wright. Third Grade: Bertha Bye. Paul Thompson, Verne Lalng, Ruth Mox on, Hilda Rehder, Parker Davis, Charles Klnnamon, James Ponath. George Jeffers. Fourth Grader Valentine Law rence, Lllla Graham, Mildred Pate, Miriam Harris, Garland Baker, Ray Twilegar, Esther Bacon, Charles Cross, Eugenia losing. Fifth Grade: Ella Gaffert. Arthur Lawrence, Iester Cross, Mable Gar rett. Sixth Grade: Irma Miller, Char lotte Roberts, Dorothy Hampton, John Moxon, Lee Strong, Florence Raker. Seventh Grade: Ward Joder, Rob ert Lawrence, Glenna Lawrence, Frances (irassman, Lucile Curry, Ir ma Ellis, Elsie Simpson, Marjorie Grebe. Eighth Grade: (ilen Joder, Ray Edwards, Helen Woods, Velma Mar tin, Katharine Baker, Bertha Gar rett, Naomi Moxon, Laverne Butler, Horace Fuller, Lyndall Lewis, Stan ley Wright. High School: Beatrice Pate, Lois Mote, Lena Preiss, Myrtle Reeves, Grace Spacht, Leon Alter, Wade Grassnian, Ethel Clary, Gladys Clark. Lucille Fawcett, Kate Graham, Edith Vanderwark, Otto Snyder, Ralph Walteyne, Esther Nation, John Wright, Beulah Reddish, Naomi Slaughter, Marian Grebe, Marian Mote, Carol Nason. Ruth Nation, Katharine Schill. Helen Schott, Dora White. Mildred Zurn. Ira Wright. The following students have been neither lardy nor absent for a period longer than one year. The heading indicates the number of consecutive years they have been neither absent nor tardy. TWO YEARS Dorothy Davis, Verne Laing, Mill red Pate, Valentine Lawrence. Char!" Crews, Arthur Lawrence. lif ter Cross. Dorothy Hampton, lior . nee lVcker. Robert Lawrence, Elsie Simpson. Glen Joder. Ray Edwards. Helen Woods. Veliv.a Martin. Myr lr R--.vrd, Grace Spacht, Wade Grass man, Lucille Fawcett, Kate Graham, Edith Vanderwark, Otto Snyder, Es ther Nation, Ruth Nation, Dora White. THREE YEARS Verne Lalng, Charles Cross, Les ter Cross, Dorothy Hampton. Ra Edwards, Grace Spacht. Lucille Faw cett. Kate Graham, Edith Vander wark, Otto Snyder, Esther Nation. Ruth Nation, Dora White. FOUR YEARS Dorothy Hampton, Otto Snyder. 3E QBE Tractor meets all require in i j Esther Nation. Stomach Troubles and Constipation "I will cheerfully sar that Cham, berlaln's Tablets are the most satis factory remedy for stomach troubles and constipation that I have sold In thirty-four years' drug store serv ice," writes 8. II. Murphy, drugglg), Wellsburg. N. Y. Obtainable every where. Aclv-June ltcMnl Scpiirrel Ijiw Section 2673 of the Revised stat utes of Nebraska was passed for the protection of the red, fox and gray squirrel. Under this law these ani mals are becoming so numerous In certain sections of the state and birds correspondingly scarce that It- is quite likely that an earnest effort will be made to repeal the law at the next session of the legislature. Many complaints from farmers brine the conviction that the squirrel Is a men ace to a satisfactory maturing of crops in that they destroy the eggs In every bird nest found, thereby rc st ticting the propacation of birds. Our feathered friends do a wonder ful work In the destruction of Injur ious field crop Insects, so If the In dictment Is true the squirrel should go. An Ideal Spring Laxative A good and time-tried remedy Is Dr. Klnu's New Life Pills. The first dose will move the sluggish hnweks, stimulate the liver and ciear the sys tem of waste and blood impurities. You owe it to yourself to clear the system of body poisons, accumulated during the winter. Dr. King's New Life Pills will do It. 25c at your druggist. Adv 1 Card of Thanks We wish to thank our many friends for their kind favors and llowers through our last sad hours In the loss of our husband and fath er. Mrs. Dora Warner and Children. Antloch, Nebr., June r, 1916. Civil Service Examinations F. W. Hicks, local secretary of the I'nltert States civil service, announces the following examinations to take place in Alliance on the dates given. June 21. Chemist, male, salary H40. Translator-Tariff Assistant, mile and female, salary $1200 to H400. July Assistant sanitary engin eer, riale, salary $1600. Scientilio .'ssisfant in oceanography, male, sal ary $!)00. Chemist.- male, salaiy t"..ti per day. District assistant in forest education, male, salary 180ti. July 5-6 Assistant inspector of weights and measures, male, salary $1600. July 11. Sawyer and carpenter, male, salary $840. IVwIo.s (iocs (o MoiHana S. A. Powies, formerly in business in Alliance, who spent the winter with relatives at Bingham, Nebr., spent the last part of the week at Alliance1, attending to business mat ters. Mr. Powies left Saturday on his way to Montana, where he has a homestead. WAN: AD DEPARTMENT " MISCELLANEOUS T "HusiNEai' Vpltt'rUMTYi man wun biuull amount ot capital to oiH into good, pauit; businebs ib ehit'iii Nebraska, l'it-1'er Uiuu witi Mjtue experience in faramiti. Mul b. .irudy and reliable. Ad In us, m 4i.u liculais, Box bti4i, care Allitnt nerald. c i-U-0tit5 MONEY TO LOAN on real esiaie -tpply to ii. M. Bullock, Kooui 4 ...eu dish Block, Alliuucv. -U-6i07 iWoNKY TO LOAN Ou Box tuvc couniy land nd ranches In the an udla. No delay In making thu ioa we inspect our lands and furnish th. money at once. J. C. McCorkle, Mi Corkle Building, Alliance, Nebr. l-tf-6654 RECORD FOB TRAlltMKW Railroad men can secur a vary us (ul book at Ttaa HaralA offlo. It U i lalljr Um book for trainman and v linemen. Tha prloa la reasonable. -U-7l MOVE FURNITURE SAFELY We bar equipped our dray was ens and ante truck with the latt appliances for moving furnltur without marring or scratching o damage. Up-to-date wagon pad will be used by us on all moving Jobt JOHN R. SNYDER, Phone 16. 37-tf-6960 Monty to loan on real Mtata. tt r. BL REDDIBn FOR RENT ROOM FOR RENT J. YOUNG. -Phone 31. II. l-'OR RKNT Kor two months, Ave iomui furnished house. Phone 776. 27-tf-i990 "B A UN FOR '"l18?fAt 408 Swoetwater avchue, WANTED WANTKTJ 100 head of cattle for pa ture. Phone or write, WM. MORA VI K, Canton. Nebr. 26-ii-6984 FOR SAI.K -On account of the llliiesh of the owner, a flourishing restaurant business In a good town ie;i Alliance Is offered for sale at a bargain. Business Is well located and a mon. y-maker. A bargain for $E00. For full description write box 6963, rare Alliance Herald, Alliance, Nebraska. 26-21-6983$ nrr ri . ! ELIW! C "-- I .V. Y J S. ii . I TOWN PLANNING IN AUSTRALIA Antlpodeans Show Wise Interest In Subject and Profit by Experience cf Older Countries. Australians tire, showing a wise In terest In tho subject of town planning, and housing In general. The trouble with older countries has been thai they have not begun to think much about Improving hnnslnir conditions until housing conditions have got to be Insufferably bad. Australia, being a young couutry, should bo able to profit by tho unfortunate example of other countries, snd It is apparent that Australia Is striving to do this. Building, an Australian publication, devotes much space to this subject Al. ludlng, for example, to the direction ol tho movement in Victoria by the Town Planning and Parks' association, these activities are described as Intelligent, enthusiastic and energetic "The flow of active campaigning established," It appears, "threateus altogether to swamp the slum and Us wedded evils beyond the hope of re-establlshment. "The association, very sensibly, Is enlisting the sympathy and support of the masses by alert regard for their well belnj. The essentials of the move ment bear directly on the existence of that section of the people whom cir cumstances have handicapped. This the association recognizes. Settled, evils which primarily deny the common her itage of sunlight are being squelchod. Conditions of living scarcely befitting the brute creation, but to which human llesh and blood are subjected, are be ing swept way us speedily as the pon derous arm of the law can be operated. In brief, the movement In Victoria, di rected by the Town Planning and Parks' association, is making good. "The association la making a special point of making plain the principles of town planning to those In the positloi of facilitating reform. For Instance, the mayors and councilors of the mu nicipalities and shires were recently circularized on the new and extensive powers conferred upon local governing bodies, by recent amendments of the act A portion of that circular reads: "'It Is hoped that advantage will be taken at once of these powers- ap plied, perhaps, In conjunction with building regulations to avoid the crea tion of slum or Insanitary areas. In this connection St. Hilda council has recently patscd a by-law providing for a minimum area, devoted exclusively to open space, for each dwelling equal to at least eight-eighteenths of that occupied by dwelling and outhouses.'" COMMUNITY PRIDE AN ASSET The Town That Cares for Its General Appearance Is the Town That Wl'l Prosper. Community pride Is on nrset, frd It Is one of the greatest of ell a-, ets. The town tlitt Improves It Hire ts. c'e.ms up the alleys, paints the houc cuts the graft, rak'-s the lawns ami plants Its flowers Is t it o'ily niemt nging cicanlincKs. but Is invKIng for Itself a mi me among the peoples of the outer world. Commerc ial travelers and oti.e rs come, wd look, and go away tmd ta !; and tin- ti.lk is all in favor of the town and Its eej-le. Talk travels uu I growi and mul tiplles until the town IVi i,:ih s kno . 0 lu many clinics for its t louiilnesse aurt progressivei:es. In time other men who are looking for a change of location hear of this town and then they go, and look, and talk, and are pleased, and It becomes their home. . And the town continues to expand and progress, and as the years roll by It gradually assumes larger propor tions end a more commanding and dominating position In the world. When Community Pride comes In Prosperity enters by its side, and the two become the mighty levers that control the machinery of success Personal Pride and Community Pride should march side by side, for when these two potent factors Join bands In a laudable purpose opposi tion quickly melts away. Laredo Record. Signs That 8ave. A decided decrease in the number of traffic accidents is reported from Portland, Ore., since the Installation there of a comprehensive system ot warning signs. The signs consist of red steel dials 18 inches In diameter mounted on steel rods sunk three feet In concrete tt ttz cu;b3 and ttsa3!ns tight feet deep on the top of t'o dla' Tlie-dia s are pai:it "1 bright red Midi black letters, cud read: School, ( nre fill," "Caution, Bridge, "Caution, Pteep Grade." "Danjer, Drive Slowjy." "Hospital. Quiet.'' "Caution. Fire Sta tion." "Danger. No Outlet." "Cau tion. Dangerous Corner.' and so on. The si?ns are set In pairs about 100 feet from the danger point an J in alt street directions from it, snd are so placed that the street lights will snine upon them at night. Portland has a population of about 20,000 greater j than Hoc hc-bter, aud embraces more j thaa twice the area ot thia city. , Rochester Post Express. 1 IU IIUI UUUIIIIUIIIU f:untry .Will Not Approve of Root's Program. Criticism of President Wilson's Attl- '. jde During ths Tremundous Up- -neaval In Europe Must Be Said to Lack Sincerity. From the lofty vantage ground of hindsight, Mr. Knot doclareshat Pres ld. ut Wilson has made mistakes In dealing with foreign complications. That Is extremely probable the Jour lui pointed out one such mistake and il.c way to retrieve tt only a few days ago. I IiIh war has surprised everyone and upcl all calculations. Germany, which ! had the advantage of the Initiative, Hindu three! tremendous errors at the very start: She thought that Bel KiUiU would not resist, that Kngland would not come Into the war, that France could not stem the torrent poured upon Her. Kngland haJ made so many blunde rs thai It Is useless to enumerate them, UiiHsia has tripped again and again; even France, though sanest and most clear sighted of all the combatants, has erred many timet In the simple business ot lighting. Why, then, should we expect to be flawless in the much more complicated task of maintaining neutral rights without ceasing to be neutral? Air. Hoot s program of "whatTshould have been done ' makes It clear that if he had guided the destinies of the nation, we should have been at war with tlermany long ago. ile would have protested against the violation of Uelgttim, but without going to war on that point. Sue h a course would have been equivalent to serving no tice on Germany that we hated her but. would not light her a fine way, truly, of persuading her to respect our wishes. He would have backed the Lusltanla protests with "action." The only possible action Is the use of force, and force means war. Mr. Root would be more candid and more convincing if he omitted entirely his lip service to peace, and declared boldly that this nation ought now to be at war with Germany and Austria, Chicago Journal Germany's Protective 8ystem. The American Protective Tariff leaguo, through the American Econo mist's Washington correspondent, cleverly turns the tables on the TariS Commission league, which has Just Is sued a pamphlet asserting that the strongest argument In Its campaign' for a permanent nonpartisan tariff commission is the fact that Germany has a permanent nonpartisan tariff commission which brought that coun try to the high standard of elllcloncy in competitive ability which It en joyed at the outbreak of the war. The, Tariff league shows that Germany's tariff was made not by a nonpartisan tariff commission but by a body which was composed alruoBt entirely of pro iciuonista. In which manufacturers and land owners were In a large ma jority Germany wanted an adequate ly protective tariff and she got it at tho hands of this protective commit eion. "She has that tariff yet." says iho American Kconomlst, "and will Khove it up higher after this big war in over ' i 1 1 Is hue oiiiiiig . oarer eaca day that ' t!:i- ta i;l c- mt;.!:i..lon Itica ca.iiioi ios I -it lui vai. i'lvsieli-iit n,n nat . . areel .ig..iiiM it 011 tl.e one hand, ! unci lie is mi;, posed lo very fainy rep li t- nl the bi :wc;, aiic parly ami tltci ; iariff league is iippoaed to it 011 the oi it liuiul mi. I it voices the views of ; . : 11: !.(ii ay ul Un-st uiui will s:t 11 , :cKci:ting Hie K pub i an party In . . i 1 o g 1 ! in 1 he next President Has Done Well. In the presence 01 the greatest of all wtrs, which appeals Ltrongly to di vided American sei.timeuts, and whic h strikes deeply at A merle au Interests at a thousand point, the president has preserved the hone r cf the nation, bas in Its behalf perl u-med his duty to man'tlnd of Insist ng upon the pres ervation of th? sanctions and re straints of internal tonal law, and uaa so far tcbleved Inportant diplomatic victories without I lie threat of force, but in a manner that leaves neither America nor Europe in doubt that be would use force If iMplomacy should fall. At the opening ot a presidential campaign the Republicans will, of course, loudly deny all these thlnga, but they are true, and in ten years no one will dispute them Philadelphia Record. Does Not Scam Like Ruin. Is It as an expression of confidence In the ruin of the industry to follow the war under free wool and a low tariff on woolens that the American j woolen trust begins lo pay dividends for the hrst time on Its common stock? Forecast by Hides. On the eve ol the meeting of the Republican national convention Chair man Charles 1). II files gave out statement lu which he predicted a Itepublicar victory. Aa a forecaster, the Monoranle Charles is without a peer, and if prognosticating were the sum total of the national chairman s duties, he would be the Ideal man tor the job Unfortunately, however, (be retrospective is not ao pleaaant. as Mr Taft. surveying ., faithful unto desth I'tah and Vermont, tan testify.