Image provided by: University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries, Lincoln, NE
About The Alliance herald. (Alliance, Box Butte County, Neb.) 1902-1922 | View Entire Issue (April 20, 1911)
Home Course In Tree Preservation By JOHN DAVCY. father of Tr. Surgery. IV. Errors In Transplanting Trees. Copyright, 1910. l.y AHWfttM Pre. Aaio MUM. AMEUH'A was the In ml of for ests," but mountain, dale, lilt: and plain are now about de nuded of her trees, thereby destroying both wealth and glory. I wan Nceat ly, called to I'hllllrmburg. Pa., to glv lecture on "Tbe Salvation of Out Trees." and In golug from Tyrone tc I'bllllpsburg It nearly made the heart I k. Tbe beautiful hills on that part of the Allegheny mountains were en tlfely "tripped of trees, and even the young growth, sli Inches In diameter had been cut Bway to be used as "inln Ing props." The coal mines are near ly exhausted, and many people told mt they would not lire on the land Just for paying the taxes, for they WOOM utarve to death. And yet on tbos bills forty years ago were growing the most magnificent specimens of pines hemlock and other conifers. It Is with sadness that tbe people have seeu the pristine forests fade away. There la an Instinctive love of the tree In man, and as he looks upon the barren bleakness of treeless expanse be sighs for something to relieve the dreary, monotonous bareness of the oil and commences to realize what It means to be without shade in the beat of summer and no trees to break the fury of the blasts in winter; hence he readily saw that there should be shade trees by the highway, clumps or grovet n round the home, as well as the fruit trees In the orchard and garden. lie O. 7. WEAKBNKD AND LEFT A PREY TO 8TOUMS. goes to the woodiot and hunts for the young UMtplf or elim and, having found them, proceeds to plant, one of the commonest mistakes he makes Is to pltRd too close togct lity, but the one mistake above all others Is well, "Whack!" oft goes tbe top. Very often the shade trees come from the nurseries with this sum grave error committed on them. l!y tutting off the top lu order to live at all the growth is for. -oil out from the tv.l-s, and as the mub grail Utilly decays a weuk point in mail. light In the center, so Hi; i ,:s soon a tbe bra in lies are of uny considerable alio the strain of the windy.' rUM rend It open at that point where the great est strength Is required. I v. ry atom: th;.t Ww along is wea' dug It wtiil more, and the larger the I ; .inches tin greater the leverage of die wlud. A storm had Just puss.il and taken off oiie-thlnl of the farlh mi tree lu 11 lastrtttot No. 7. It had also split tbi other two llmbt, l;i btber words, the tre- was mined. In RkMrntfufl No N just i me half or the tree is wratM'hod off in h violent storm, aud rltit tivc also. is ruined. The luislMke generally her. in s-le.-! lug KM large a tree. and. UiU i.o hint, the height also a objectionable tbd the winds would Im' apt to blow i SWEETJLOVER Is it a Useful P.ant or Weed? (fly C. V. Pntsley, professor of Aaror omy and Kami Management, No biaftkn Experiment Station.) All readers of this article who hav lived In any of the eastern atates an familiar with the white sweet clover tnclllotus alba which grows In almn dance along the roadside It har usually been regarded as a noxtonr weed and many have been the lawi paased by various states requiring I hi roau supervisors to cut tne ween be j fore It had a chsnc-- to seed. In spite I of the war which has been waned i aaalimt It. we find it, In many places ' o ( uoylng land which would otherwise) by taken by sunflowers, hemp and oth er weeds. It has always been a won dor to me why people would insist that Ihe sweet clover be killed in or der to leave a place for weeds or ranker sort which had no use what ever. The statement has often been tntdt that sweet clover will take meadows tnd pastures, as well as cultivated fields. I have never seen, nor have I collected any accurate evidence that weet clover haa bothered In properl) cultivated fields. It occasionally gets Into the edges of pastures and of meadows which are not properly cut. The statement haa also been mad that sweet clover is a hard plant to get rid of. This Is not the caae when Its habits are understood. It Is a bien nial, seeds the second year, and it kept from going to seed will die. For this reason, it la easily killed in meadows or in paaturea. Possible Uni. It is undoubtedly one of the best plants we have for enriching soil. It will probably put the soil in as good condition in as short a time as will alfalfa or clover. It Is a legume, takei its nitrogen from the air by means of bacteria working on the roota, rather than from the soli, as do many other plants, and for this reason ia classed among the nitrogen gatherers. It will grow on alkali soils where other clov era will not grow, it is very hardy and will very often secure a foothold on the soils most lacking In organic matter, such as the banks of railroad cuts and points of clay hills. My ex perience teaches me that it Is much easier to get a stand of sweet clover (ban It is or' alfalfa. For this reason there is presented to my mind the possibility of Its being a forerunner of tlftlfa In the w 'stern regions of this btate. There are many people in the Unit ed Stutes who ore using the plant for pasture and hay. In some Instances, stock have 'o learn to like It by being starved to it for a few days, but, ordl narlly, horses, sheep, hogs, and rattle will lake to It readily If cut at t In proper time. It has not been tried out experimentally in a large way, al (nough the experiment station at the present time has about fifty cooperat ors working with the plant in the western part of Nebraska. I would advise that it he tried In a small way at first. I think no farmer who Is not thoroughly convinced that the plant Is of use to him should try more than one acre to start with. He can then cut It for hay, use a portion of It for pasture, and try feeding It greet or cured. The station will he glad to cor respond with anybody who contem plates n trial. We do not recommend its uie where alfalfa and red elovor do well. HOW SHALL I SHELTER MY HOGS? riy Deportment Ajrrtoolttiral Bngineor ing. University of Nebraska. 1. Hie hog hous. -should ttWtTI ttet the south and the roof must bt constructed as to admit sunlight into Ihe farrowing pen Sunlight is tlmotl ts essential to the henlth of young pigs as tbe feed they eit. A board floor' is easily kept clean uni sanitary, and is best made by laying WO t TRUNK WEAKIVKD BY CtTTTTNQ OFF iue ; si-lit BY wind. over. Knowing this, tbe top is taken off, with the reu)t that b- been de ! scribed The U-fct siae fur common plantlug is a tree about as big aa a broom han dle. The proportions of the length of such a tree, say a maple or elui. would be almost twelve feet, and a good stake Would bold it lu place. A small tree will almost invariably grow, because tt haa 1U "feeding roota." the boards on top of four to eight Inches of sand. A floor thus con structed, Inside of cement foundation, ia rat prool and always warm. 2 The Hull hog house ha a floor as above described The aides are made three ft high The house ts olght feet wide and the north roof ex tends within two feet of the south side, and raises to t height of six feet from Ihe floor. The south roof is a succession of f.hort doors, three hoards wide and hinged to the main roof When these doors are thrown open It leaves a spare of two by three feet i admit sunlight. The farrowing pens fire six feet wide, which makes a pen six by eight feet This house an be made any length to accommodate herd. A more convenient, though more ex pensive house Is being used by many suci ebsful breeders. Made by the above plan except the house is twenty Itt t w ide with a row of eight foot p.'ns on each side of a four-foot alley way. The north roof in this house ex tends within eight feet of the south dge and the steep roof of the south side is constructed with doors three boards 'wide, hinged on side so that one door 'olds iipon another. Hog !., with windows to admit sunlight are usually very expensive, but have the advantage over the door that sumight is admitted, while wind or storm ts kept out There are many points to commend the indicMual hog house. Rarh sow is kept by herselr and any disturbance will not put the entire herd in an up roar The large boa houae is more convenient. Tbe entire herd can b taken care of in ainnll amount ot time, and the attendant is sheltered trom the wather. The large house can b artificially heated during cold weather to better advantage. A dirt floor covered with an electric wM woven wire makes a cheap, warm and dry floor. There Is nothing to rot, the floor Is easily disinfected and there Is no chain e for wind to get under. The front of the pen where the feeding and watering Is done should be floored with cement or hoard. Cement feeding floors are econom leal. Use your space between your double cribs or vacant shed, keen this in mind when arranging your farm buildings. Summer Shelter. Some neonle think hogs do not need shelter in the sum d some people have never give' this subject any thought. Shade from the hot summer sun is essential to the comfort of the hog. The large hog Is built close to the ground and is snh Ject not only to the direct rays of the sun, but also the heat intensified by the reflection from the r round Nab ural shade is best and the man who Intends to grow hogs on a large sc ale can well afford to plant treet to fur nish shade for the comfort of his hogt. If artificial allude must be erected they are best made by placing a rather broad tight roof on posts at least sit feet from the ground, an.1 leave build ing open on all sides. The runway between corn criba placed north and south furnishes a very effective pro tectlon. In constructing a hog house the mat ter of summer use should be kept In mind and It should be made cool in the summer as well as warm In the winter. HOW TO PREVENT WORMY APPLES Spraying Death to Codling Moth (By R. F. Howard, Department of Hor tlculture. University of Nebraska ) The codling moth has reached such a stage of development In Nebraska that it is no longer possible to grow apples free from worm? without tht trees are given some care. One ma) expect neglected trees to have any where from 20 to 85 per cent wormy oraylng as an Essential Part ef Prof Itable Apple Orcharding. The Nebraska experiment station has Just Issued bulletin 119. It con tains the results of some experimental anraylng tests In Nebraska apple or chards extending over a period of five seasons. Direction and conveniences for mixing the spray materials are discussed at aome length, as well as bow to apply them. A comparison of the lime sulphur sprays with Bordeaux mixture in ruseting the fruits Is given. The spraying experiments were con ducted primarily to determine what It costs to spray under Nebraska condi tions, what sprayed fruit yields, and what It is worth in comparison with unsprayed fruit from the same or chard In order to make the results applicable to the eastern third of the slate, the work was dom- under varied conditions. Twenty two orchnrds were selected, representing eighteen local ities in thirteen counties. The trees varied in age from ten to twenty eight years, and averaged about eighteen years. PJotnt of the orchards had been well pruned, while others had been wholly neglected In this respect. In pome cases the spraying was hindered by tBQ closeness of the trees, while In ethers the trees were conveniently spaced. Some of the orchards had al most every convenience for mixing and applying the spray materials, while others were almost completely without aucb tOBToalencot. The work was done in so:i! - of the orchards with ef Detent power outfits with three leads of hose, while in others n hand pump wac used where it was barely possible to maintair. pressure for one nozzle. The cost of labor and materials was taken at the actual prices paid by the orchardings. The folknv'ng statements give a summary of the results obtained from the first four years' work: Cost of Spraying. Number oT orchards sptayed, 16. Total Hi' Pier of trees sprayed, 3.30a. ' Average age of trees, 18 years. Average aumber of sprayings per year. 4. Avera ;uantity of spray pel tTt each year. 13 gallons. Average quuntitv of sproy per a : (50 trees), ti.'iii gallons. Average cost of spray material per 10(1 gallons, $0 .87. Average cost of applying spray per 100 gallons, $0.98. Average total cost of spraying per 100 gallons, SI. 85 Average annual cost of spray ma terial cr tree. 11.3 cents Average aiinual cost of applying spray per tree, 12.7 cents. Average total annual cost of spray ing pc acre (50 frees). $12. on. Results of Spraying. Average annual yield and value per acre (estimated on batta of 50 treet) Sprayed Trees. Marketable fruit 220 bu. $114.40 'nils and windfalls.... 55 bu. .13 I 275 bu. $117.70 Unsprayed Trees. Marketable troll oapa. $3$.sw i ' It ind wtadtata. .. 85 bu. 4 25 175 bu. $41. IE Summary, nifterenie b 'tween s,,:aycd and uusnraved trees 974.55 Averege cost or spraying 12. oo verage net gain per acre (50 trees i from spraying $64.55 How to mix Bordeaux in small and large quantities is discussed at son,, length. The importance of having a proper mixing device, in order to les sen the labor cost, is emphasized. A spraying culendar showing the proper time to make each application Is given. This bull Hin show a that lime tul phur may tt used as a summer spray for apples with as little dan.jer to the foliage and fruit as Bordeaux. It chows that the russeting caused by Bordeaux can be pr 'vented by subitl tutirn; or.e or the llme-suiphur prepar ttiouj at the cecond spialug. Coddling Moth Eggs on Upper Surfae of the Leaf. fruits. Half of the crop may drop be fore it reaches maturity and the great er part of He- remainder will be ren dered unfit for market by the codliim moth worm. Spraying with some son of arsenical poison U the only feasible way of con trolling the codling moth Arsenate of lead may be used at the rate of two pounds per fifty gallons of water. The first application should be given as soon as the flowers begin to drop, the second about three weeks later nnd the third about the 20th of July. The first application should be direct ' c-W - '"U ; ' -. ADULT CODDLING MOTH. ed dOWBWtrd in order to get the poi son into the calyx cups. High pres-.-ere is essential for th'j first spray ing, though the department demon strated In a Columbus orchard last summer thtl It was potttble to control the worms to 5 per cent with a hand barrel outfit by doing tbe work thor oughly. Apple acab is the most troublesome funtoua dim atp we htve in Nebttaka upple orc hards. It bejrlnt growth in the early spring and causes a scaly, brown grow th on the outer tUTftce of - " : WORK OP CODDLING MOTH WORM the apples. Some of our prominent varieties, like the Jonathan and W'ine sap, are partlc ularly susceptible to this disease. Kltlnr Bordeaux mixture or one of the commercial lime-sulphur sprays may be used in preventing its development. Bordeaux mixture can be made by using four pounds of fresh btonellme, fr.ur pounds blueslone and fifty gallons of water. Slack the lime in a small quantity of water, dissolve the bluestone. dilute each with twenty two gallons nf water and pour to gether. The limesulphur sprays are put on the market In concentrated -MStSSBSBKKSSSBSKSS APPLE APFBCTBD BY SCAB. form an I all that is uecebbaiy to pre pure them for use is simply to add tbout thirty gallons of water uhi will depend upou tb.- brand usl-.Ij to one gallon of the concentrated. Spray first for apple scab Just before tbe individual flowvr buds open; sec ond, as soou as the flowers begin to fall; third, three weeks after the flow its fall. Since the second and third application for apple scab come ut the same time as the first and second ap plication for codling moth, the arsen ate of lead can be added to the Bor deaux or lime sulphur, thus reducing tbe labor to half. UNITED STATES MAIL (ORDER) BAG am o a mWm itoHE PARABLE OF the Misspent Monet Once upon a time in the land of Uncle Sam a colony of people organized themselves into a Town. The Town grew and waxed fat upon the produce of the Laud roundabout, and the people dwelt huppilv under their own Vines and Fig Trees, and the Tradesmen built Emporiums of Merchandise, and all was well. More people joined the Colony from year to year until the Town was a place of Population and Prosperity. But the time came when into the midst of the Town crawled a Serpent of Discord, yclept the Mail Order Catalogue, which whispered into the ears of the people a Siren Song of Big Bargains, the same being a Fable and a Fake. Thereat the people thought they saw a Good Thing, and they Bit. In the course of events the merchants closed their doors and removed to other Towns wherein at yet the Mail Order Serpent had not entered. Large Hollyhocks grew up before the closed doors, and Grass grew in the streets, whereof the Cows ate bountifully. It waa fun for the Cows, but death to the Town. OFFICE AT KOUGEKS' GKOCCKY I'IKiM 1 Wallaces Transfer Line Household goods moved promptly and transfer work 1 solicited. Phone i Frank Wallace, Prop'r. y f Tfrnmcn iar m i.i 'I Repeating Shotguns USED IN THE U. S. ARMY. The U. S. Army authorities Jtnoif a gun; that is why, when they decided to equip some troops with repeating shotguns, they selected the Win chester in preference to all other makes. The experts of the U. S. Ordnance Board also know m gun; that's why, after submitting a Winches ter Repeating Shotgun to all sorts of tests, they pronounced it safe, sure, strong and simple. If you want a shotgun buy the one whose strength and reliability led the U. S. Army authorities to. select it and the U. S. Ordnance Board to endorse it that's the Winchester. THE RELIABLE REPEATERS You Get the Best and Save Money BY ORDERINQ Fresh and Cured Meats AT THE ! Resident Meat Market DRAKE & BARB, rrops. 5 1 7 Sweetwater Ave. PHONE 50 ALLIANCE, - - NEBRASKA Telephone Orders delivered promptly to any part of the city. Give us a trial order T I I M I II II I I It I Milt