.Am. ..mnlWHIII iim mmiummmM mmimmmmmmmmimfmmmmmr ii m iin.WWUIIIHI (saslfam Published Hvcry Thursday by The Herald Publishing Company. P. A. I'lKHKONf Pr b. l.t.orn V. ThOmas, Sec. John Vf, Thomas, Mr. JOHN THOMAS Editor j. B. KNIEST Associato Editor Entered at the postotlice at Alliance, .Nebraska, for transmission through the mails, as second-class matter. Subscription, $1,50 per year in advance. THURSDAY, JULY aa, 1909. ANNOUNCEMENTS . To Tint Voters of Box Butte County, I hereby respectfully an . noun.ee myself a candidate for the .'nomination for Sheriff of Box Butte County upon the Democratic and Peo ples Party tickets. Subject to the pri mary to bo held August 17th, 1909. Your support appreciated, Thomas B. Shrewsbury. For County Judge I, L. A. Berry, affiliating with Demo cratic and Peoples' Independent par tics, hereby announce myself a candi date for the office of County Judge of Box Butte county for the next ensuing term, subject to the decision of quali fied electors of said county, at a Pri mary election to be held in said county August 17th, 1909, and I pledge myself if elected to qualify and serve as such officer. Dated July 14th, 1909. L. A. Berry. For Treasurer I hereby announce myself a candi date for re-election to the office ot Treasurer of Box Butte county; sub ject to tho will of tho Democratic and Peoples' Independent voters at the primary election to be held Tuesday, Aug. 17, 1909. Fred H. Mollring For Sheriff To the Voters of Box Butte County, As a candidate for Sheriff ot Box Butte county subject to tho republican primaries to be held August 17th, 1909, believing an officer is elect ed by the people and is a servant of tho people, I stand for u squat c deal to tho taxpayer. At. Wikur. For Sheriff I hereby announce nvr-lf a enndi date for the office of Sheriff of Box Butto couuty, subject to the will ot tho Democratic and People' Independent voters at the primary election to bo held Tuesday, Aug. 17 1909. Cat vv M. Cox. For County Treasurer To the Voters of Box Butte County, I respectfully nnnounco my self as a candidate for County Treas urer of Box Butte county on the Re publican party ticket to the decision of the Primary to he held in August, 1909. John Pilkinuton. For Co. Supt. of Public Instruction I hereby atntouix'c n'v rnr. 'k'ncy for re-election' to tho office of County Superintendent of Public Instruction of Box Butte county, subject to the decision of republican voters at tho primary election to be held Aug. 17, 1909. Ora E. Phillips. i,soo is to be the population of Qsh- kosh in Deuel couuty in 1912, accord ing to The Herald of that town. 1,200 will make a good little town if they are all "livo ones." It is now conceded by persons who arc inteiosted in sooing the North ' Platte valley branch of tho Union Pa cific miss Goiing, as well as by the friends of tho town, that the road will probably be built into that place this year. It may as well be understood now as any other time that county option does uot moan prohibition. It simply moans that a larger number qf interested voters shall docidu the question of li cense or no-license in a community. It will ho found whan the matter is put up to the people to decide that theie are many who favor county option but who arc not prohibitionists. Although the re-election of the present county treasurer is generally conceded, it will uot be without a con test. John Pilkington has filed for the republican nomination and makes his public announcement in this issue of The Herald. He is an old-timer of Box Butte couuty, was at one time on gaged in business in Alliance, and has a large acquaintance among the voters. Our acquaintance with Mr. Pilkington has been short, but we hear him well spoken of, and should the unexpected happen in the election of county treas urer, he will, no doubt, make a faithful official. The need of a nonpartisan judiciary in Nebraska is emphasized by the de cision of the partisan court declariug the nonpartisan law unconstitutional, n a technicality so thin that it cannot te seen by the naked eye, making the use of partisan spectacles necessary in order to behold It. Tho said partisan decision may insure tho re election of tho members of the partisan court that rendered it and again it may not. Thero is an increasing number of re publicans in this state who arc becom ing disgusted with the machine tactics used to defeat tho will of the people; in recent elections a number of them have shown their disgust at the polls, and unless wo aro mistaken a larger number of them will do so at future elections. If next winter you find you have to pay more for a suit of clothes or an overcoat than you bought the last ones for, don't blame tho clothing dealer. It won't bo his fault; and don't blame tho shocman if ho charges you more for tho same kind ot shoes you've been buying for $3. Neither Will it be just to find fault with the butcher because your meat bills will be higher the coming winter than they were last year. The tradesmen will not bo to blame for higher prices on any of these necessities. The Aldrich tariff is tho little joker that is going to make the workingtnan's dollar look like 30 cents, Hurrah for protection! Among the announcements of can didates this week is that of Ora E. Phillips, county superintendent. We had hoped that he would be a non partisan candidate for reelection, un der tho law passed by tho democratic legislature last winter one of the best laws over enacted relative to our pub lic school system but as that law has been put out of commission, tempor arily, at least, Mr, Phillips submits his name to the primaries for nomination. Ho has served the schools of Box Butte couuty faithfully so far during his term of office, and we aro pleased that there is no opposition to his re elec tion, although we very much regret that he cannot bo a nonpartisan candi date for that office. A Patriotic Offer Mr. Taft, with good grace or other wise, has finally adopted Mr. Bryan's recommendation to submit to the states an amendment of the national consti tution authorizing congress to enact au income tax law, and it remains now for Mr. Taft to sign a bill to that effect. Mr. Bryan has addressed a letter to President Taft, reminding him that last year he publicly declared in favor of amending the constitution providing for tho election of United States sena tors by popular vote. Mr. Bryan asks the President if this would not he an opportune time to present the subject of an additional amendment to the constitution that for choosing sena ators by a direct vote of the people? Ho tells President Taft that two con stitutional amendments, one author izing an income tax and another pro viding for the popular election of sena tors would make his administration memorable. Mr. Bryan promises whatever lies in his power toward se curing ratification of the two amend ments. Is President Taft equal to the op portunity for gaining the impregnable confidence of the American people, by acting affirmatively on Mr. Bryan's magnanimous offer? Creating Public Sentiment The following extract from letters front the state president of a new pro hibition state expresses thoughts that are also applicable to conditions in li cense states: The work of the V. C. T. U. through all the years of its beautiful existence has boen largest done bv the creation of pub lic sentimont ia favor of the measures we advocate. Then, public sentiment created, the rest follows a a matter of course. Now one of the must important works be fore us is 10 hlp create a public senti ment that will demand tho enforcement of our prohibitory laws, and other righteous laws. The mayor of one town says that the easiest laws enforced are the prohibitory laws. The reason it is so is that there is a strong sentiment in favor of law-enforcement. It is so strong that it forces the election of men to the town offices mayor and alderman who are in favor of enforcing these and other laws, and they are enforced. And they will be enforced in other towns when officers are elected who are in favor of their enforcement. And when you find that your laws are constantly and flagrantly violated., you may know absolutely that it is because the men elected to office in your town are not doing their duly. This work of sentiment making should be carried on by the same kind of crusad ing that created tho sentiment in favor of prohibition Keep it before the people in various ways through the W. C. T. U. column in the paper. Get the editor of the paper to help you in his editorial col urns. Talk to your ministers about it. aud get them to preach sermons on the subject. Have mass meetings in favor of law enforcement, and have them addressed by able speakers. Talk it privately and publicly among your friends that the law is being violated, and that it ought to be enforced. Distribute literature on the subject of law-enforcement and prohibi tion. Keep your town warm with this subject until the people arise in their might, and see that the law is enforced. And, keep in mind always that there will be no trouble in getting the law enforced, if you have officials elected who are in favor of enforcing those laws. If you have not such officials, there is very little you can do to enforco the laws alone, when they will not help. But your work in that case is the work outlined above of creating such a sentiment in favor of law enforcement, that the people will put men in office who will enforce these laws. Sometimes it is a long route, but -one char acteristic of onr organization has ever been patience. They find out what is to be done, and then keep everlastingly at it until it is done. That is the secret of our long list of successes. It seemed a long way around to attain our object when we set out to secure prohibition "by educating the children of the nation in the princi pals of total abstinence and prohibition. That work began more than twenty-five years ago. But because the V. C. T. U. began that work twenty-five years ago, we are now reaping the glorious victories of the present time. So in this case, how ever hopeless it may seem to get the laws enforced in your town, take up the iwork of creating sentiment in favor of law-enforcement, and keep the subject constant ly before your people, and in the end the victory will come to you. Trouble Brewing in Republican Camp. Many of the Republican papers have had a good deal to say since the ad journment of the last session of the legislature in regard to prospective democratic candidates for governor, United States senator, etc., and with a very knowing air assume to inform their readers who's who in democratic state politics iu Nebraska; but we opine that before tho next biennium rolls 'round there'll be enough trouble in the republican camp to demand their attention. Candidates representing the different factious, believing that the early bird stands the best chance of catching the gubernatorial worm, are already lining up for next year's campaign. State Senator M. L. Fries of Valley county is one of the first to shy his caster into the ring. He is out with the following letter, dated July 1,; oud addressed to Thos. Darnell, attorney for the Nebraska Anti-Saloon league which is desigued to let the dear peo pie know where he is at, or, to speak more grammatically but not less em phatically, it will give the anti-saloon voters of the republican party of the state information as to his attitude to wards the all-absorbing question of couuty option: Arcadia, Nebr., July 1, 1909 Hon. Thomas Darnell, Dear Sir: I have your letter of June 2Sth asking me if I expected to be a candidate for Governor next year. Will say in reply that I do expect to bo a candidate. There are three matters that are vitally important to the people of the state that I expect especially to stand for, viz: 1. County Option. 2. Rigid enforcement of the laws. 3. Strict economy in public expendi tures. 1. I believe it is right that the people of a county should say whether or not it should have a saloon within its borders. I believe the saloon to be the chief cause of most of our criminal prosecutions. The people of the county in all the prosecu tions foot the bills, therefore the people of the county should have a right to determine if they want the saloon, 2. All laws on the statute books should be either unforced or repealed. All bad laws should be repealed. All good laws should be enforced. The best way to de termine the good laws from the bad is to enforce them. The non-enforcement of our laws breeds disrespect and contempt for them. When a law is found to be bad, either wholly or in part, it should be modi fied, or amended, or repealed. 3. In the expenditure of the slate's money I believe in applying the rules of economy, the same business principles that should govern and maintain its pri vate affairs The strictest economy should be practiced consistent with the public welfare. livery bill for supplies should be inspected, aud all graft and un reasonable profits should be eliminated. All vouchers should be thoroughly scruti nized and good business judgment used in financial affairs. In using the state's money men should be placed at the head of affairs who do not consider a public office a private snap, livery dollar ex pended should be accounted for to the people. I think this answers your questions and lets you know where I stand on the vital questions at issue before the people of tho state today. With Rreat interest in your work, and the highest respect for you per sonally, I remain. Very truly yours, (Signed) M. L. Fries. A State of Schools. Nebraska, already at the head of the states of the Union iu the literacy of its people, that is having the largest percentage of inhabitants that can read and write, is taking advanced steps iu the matter of increasing her education al facilities. The legislature at its last session out down expenses iu other affairs, but did not reduce a single ap propriation for an educational institu tion. Thero was no talk of any pre vious appropriation being too large, but it was1 n question in each case whether the amount should be in creased; and almost invariably it was increased, although appropriations for many other purposes wcro being de creased, An exchange aptly says: "Nebraska is growing proud of the education of her children. She has complacently accepted the fact that thero is the smallest per cent of illiteracy here, but this means simply the smallest per cent of people who cannot read and write, and does not mean that Nebras ka people aro necessarily the best edu cated in the country. And that goal is now being set by Nebraska; to have her people not only able to read and write, but to do so with comprehen sion and appreciation, to have at least the grade and high school training, and if possible the college training." Abolition of the Rum Power. A series of heart-to-heart talks on the above named subject by Prof. J. L. Mc Brien, ex-state superintendent of public instruction of Nebraska: TALK ONE The Allied Temperance Forces of Ne braska met in convention at York, July 8 and 9, 1909. This was the most important gathering of the temperance people of this state within the past twenty-five years. There were two opposing ideas held by the delegates assembled as to the best method of dealing with the liquor question. One side contended for county option only; the other side argued for state-wide prohibition only. But after the conference committee of fifteen, repre senting all the temperance forces in the state, had wrestled with these two propo sitions far beyond midnight, a happy con clusion was reached by a unanimous vote of the committee, which declares for im mediate county option and this step to be followed by state-wide prohibition. The report of the committee was adopted by the convention Friday morning, July 9, without a dissenting vote, though there were three delegates who did not vote on the question. It is natural for different persons to see the same subject in a different light. Absolute unanimity is practically impos sible in any political party, society or or ganization, where there is any great ques tion at issue. It is even impossible in church matters to find any official board that is absolutely unanimous on every im portant question. But (or success to crown the efforts of good people interested in a good cause, it is necessary to unite upon a common ground, though we may not all get our way in every detail. Let s hope, therefore, that the temperance forces of Nebraska will exercise as good judgment in their method of fighting the rum power, as the liquor dealers exercise in their fight against tho temperance cause. Uuited we stand, divided we fall. Grand Young Nebraska. Deputy Labor Commisssioner Maupin furnishes some interesting information regarding Nebraska as an agricultural and manufacturing state. Other states may raise a greater number of bushels of corn and wheat and oats, but Nebraska raises mere corn, wheat and oats per capita than any other state. In all three of these grains it is away yonder ahead of the general average of all the states. We've Eot 'em all beat in output of hay, wild timothy and alfalfa. We have every reason to boast of our agricul tural resources, but agriculture is no long er our sole dependence. It is the basis of all wealth, to be sure, not only in Nebras ka, but everywhere else, but the time has come iu the history of Nebraska when we may feel satisfied that our agricultural supremacy is no longer questioned or men aced, and therefore devote some time and attention to letting the world know what we are doing along other lines. We aro doiug some manufacturing in Nebraska and when we get wise to our opportunities we will do more. In 1908 Nebraska manufacturing plants and indus tries lurued out $151,000,000 worth of manufactured goods from raw material raised mostly in Nebraska. That was $20,000,000 more than the value of our live stock in 190S. Men engaged in me chanical ptirsuu.t, including transportation, received upward of S20.000.000 in wages in Nebraska in 190S. liver stop to think what a great variety of articles wo manu facture in Nebraska? I'll give you a par tial list, and it will help you form some idea of our growing importance as a man ufacturing state. Deputy Labor Commis sioner Maupin then fixed up the following list: Automobiles, alfalfa meal, aprons, arti ficial stone, awnings. Beet sugar, beer, buttons, brooms, baking powder, boots, boxes, brick, break fast foods, butter, barrels. Carriages, creamery supplies, candy, caps, crackurjack, cornice, cracker, canned goods, cigars. Dental supplies, dusters, divans, dress ers. Engines marine, locomotive and sta tionery; electrical supplies, envelopes. Fire escapes, fences, flour, foundry goods. Gloves, garments, garden tools, gas machines. Harness, hats, hardware novelties. Incubators, isinglass, ice. Jellies, jewelry, job printing, jams, jump ers. KaUomine, knit goods. Leather goods, loose leaf ledgers, light ning rods, liquors. Machinery, marble goods, mattresses, mineral waters. Neckwear Overalls, optical goods. PicMoa, pumice stone, paints, paper, patent nisdicines, mill products, pave ments, planing. Quince preserves (out of real quinces). Rugs, roofing, rubber stamps. Stovea, shoes, shot, Saratoga chips, sad dles, shades, sigus, soap, suspenders. Trunks, tinware, tags, tools. Underwear, umbrellas. Valises, vinegar. Whisky, washing machines, -wagons, whips, wire goods. Xcellent ice cream in car load lots, Yacht engines, yeast. Zweibach. Agricultural Experimentation in Box Butte County Fall Plowing This is a matter that is receiving alto; gether too little attention from the farmers of the state. The probable reason for this neglect is to be found in the fact that farms are so managed and the farm work so arranged that time is lacking for this most necessary and productive work. On most farms as soon as harvest is over, shock threshing begins. The ordinary farmer gets his labor for threshing by ''changing work" with his neighbors. The equipment for shock threshing ii much larger, requires more men and more teams than for stack threshing. The labor that the farmer receives from his neighbors he must pay back in turn and at the same time his neighbors demand it. This takes time when it is most imperatively de manded at home. By the time that thresh ing is over, alfalfa must generally be cut and wild hay made. Then comes potato harvest, and then corn harvest. Neces sary work keeps pushing all the time so that fall plowing seems to be out of the question. The remedy for this state of affairs lies in a change in farm manage ment. Shock threshing should speedily become a thing of - the .past. It is too wasteful and too expensive to be longer tolerated. It demands a maximum of labor at a time when it is most needed on the home farm. Grain may be stacked and threshed with far less labor and more of it saved for the grain bin than by the method now in vogue. A light covering with slough hay, or timothy or wild hay will protect the stacks from the weather if they are properly built. The threshing may then be postponed till after the fall plowing is done and labor may easily be had. As an inducement to farmers to make the change in management above sug gested and as encouragement 19 them to undertake a work that is too much neglect ed on nearly every farm, I shall here set forth some of the benefits to be derived by plowing in the fall, and by plowing as deeply as possible with the ordinary farm equipment. In the first place it will add to the fer tility of the soil. All soils contain mineral salts that are or may become the basis from which plant food may be. made. These mineral salts in the form in which they originally exist in the soil are not im mediately available for plant food. They must first be oxidized. To illustrate, pca.sium is not a plant food, but potash, an oxidized product of potassium, is a plant food. Exposure to the action of the oxygen of the air and to the effect of the various atmospheric influences oxidizes these mineral salts and converis them into plant food, thus adding to the fertility of the soil, On old, worn soils the effect of deep plowing is readily to be seen in the first crop. On these the mineral salts contained in the ordinary furrow slice' ob tained in shallow plowing have nearly all been oxidized and made available and used up, so that the soil seems to be ex hausted. But drop the plow deeper, turn out to the action of the elements soil that has never been before disturbed, and new plant food is made available, equivalent to the application of so much chemical fertilizer. It is better and cheaper to dig up the fertilizer with a plow than to buy it at enhanced prices' in the general market. In the second place deep fall plowing creates a water holding reservoir in the soil and prevents wash. Whenever water runs on the soil, it is at the expense of fertility. The plant food in the soil is very soluble, and is readily taken up and carried off by running water. If the soil is handled in such a way as to prevent waterj from running, this soluble plant food is retained in the soil and its fertility is.increased instead of depleted. If the soil is loosened to a depth of ,two inches, those two inches will hold a certain amount of water without losing any. If, however, the soil is loosened to a depth of six inches it will hold three times as much without losing any. This will be sufficient to re tain all tho water except from the most violent storms. Retaining the water in the soil, retairis the fertility too. Another reason for retaining all the water possible in the soil is found in the fact that plants take all their food in solution, 'the plant food must first be dissolved in water and this water sucked up by the feeder root lets of the plant before it can be built into plant tissues. If there is uot water enough in the soil to dissolveathe plant food, the plant will slowly starve to death. This is what happens in many cases where farm ers say their corn is "firing." There is not sufficient water in the soil to dissolve the plant food and the plant is begiuning to starve for lack of food. This trouble may in most cases be obviated by creating a water holding reservoir in the soil of sufficient depth to hold the necessary water. Deep fall plowing affords the best means of doing this, for by this means the moisture from the fall, winter and spring rains and snows may be stored up in the soil ready for use when the proper time and need comes. Another reason for fall plowing is found in the fact that it distributes the work more evenly over the different seasons, leaving more time in each for really pro ductive work. If a part of the work on the farm can be done the preceding season, the spring work will not be so PROF. E. W. HUNT, DIRECTOR badly rushed. The man, who does a good share of his spring work during the pre ceding fall, will have time for adequate and proper work in the spring. This is especially desirable if the opening season should prove to be cold and backward. Plowed ground warms more quickly than the undisturbed soil, and comes sooner into condition favorable for growth. Two objections to fall plowing remain to be considered. The first' one is that in many cases it is impossible on account of the cendition of the soil. After the small grain crop is removed, the ground in most sections of the state bakes so hard that plowing becomes impossible. This diffi culty may be entirely obviated by thor oughly disking tho ground a week or ten days before attempting to plow. Breaking tho surface with a disk stops the rapid evaporation from the surface so that the moisture from below comes up and softens the crust, prevents the formation of large clods and furnishes moisture enough so that the plow works better than at almost any other season of the year. Another objection urged by many is that fall plowed land drifts badly with the win ter and spring winds. On some fields the land has been stripped bare of all the soil that had been loosened. This has hap pened in most cases where very shallow plowing has been done. This danger may be prevented in most cases by leaving the plowed ground as rough as possible. Any harrowing or smoothing should be avoided, This rough ground has the added advantage of being able to receive and hold the moisture from melting snow and rain even while it is frozen. The water will enter the openings and be re tained there instead of running off the surface. In some sections of the state where the soil is sandy and especially liable to drift, the drifting may be pre vented and most of the advant, ges of fall plowing be secured by listing deeply in a direction at right angles to the direction of the prevailing wind, and then splitting the ridges just as deeply. This is what is called "double listing" in some parts of the state. Our attention has been called to the fact that several times recently there 1ms not been suflluient water pressure to Hush closets on the second floor of buildings iu the heart of the city, and further that nt two fires within tho past six weeks water could not be thrown as high as the second story of buildlnps. We nre not sure that it will do any good to publish the fact, but wo think attention should be called to it with a view of securing a remedy, We boast, and with good reason, of our fire department, but the best fire de partment, but the best fire department on earth cannot put out fire without water. Wo ure now putting in a now sewer system which emphasizes the necessity for an ample water supply. Another serious phase of the proposi tion is the dancer of increase in insur ance rates, or the cancelling altogether of insurance now in force. The home of.Mr-iand Mrs. J. A. Keegan, two miles east of Alliance, is the scene of a very, welcome visit this week from Mr. KeegajajjjSaged mother, Mrs. M. Keegan of BaWeyville, Kans., and a brother, Edward Keegan, of Axtell, Kans. They arrived yesterday morning and will remain for a few weeks' visit. This being Mother Kee gan's first trip away from home for a long while, we sincerely hope she will enjoy her visit in Box Butte county. Card of Thanks We have no words, with which to ex press our feelings toward the many friends, who, by their loving deeds and kind words helped us to bear our re cent sorrow. We feel that our loss was our loved one's gain, and can only pray through our falling tears that, "God's will he done." Mrs. Nellie Heath, Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Heath, Mr. and Mrs. Ed. Curry, Mr. and Mrs. Dave Miller, Mr. and Mrs. Sam Trenkle, Anna and Essie Heath Frontier Carnival The annual Frontier Carnival at Cheyenne, Wyo., will bo held this vear, Aug. 18 to 21. The manage ment promises that this year's enter tainment will be the biggest and best ever. We cannot spare space for a detailed account of the event, or for the program, hut a request to F. H. Barrow, secretary, will bring a de tailed program and any other -informa. tion desired. Rooms mav also l . served at moderate prices if engaged in advauce, and by addressing Edward F. Stable at Cheyenne, tickets mav be engaged for reserved seats after Aug. 7. Biggest and best ever held in western Nebraska the Box Butte County Fair. r J "4 ! 1 t I f P f-l i -'. ' mmwvfr$&'t