Dakota County Herald
DAKOTA CITY, NID.
John H. RaiTt.
There are Indications or & ions; pe
flod of being good dawning for Cen
tral America,
i
Society Iins taken tip the aeroplane
$rsjse. How's that for high society
and high flyers?
Mars being 15,000.000 miles away
its poles are discovered with eae by
rocking chair explorers.
How does It feel to be sprinkled
irlth star dust? Ilallcy's comet uses
Abat kind of celestial confetti.
If one touch of nature makes the
whole world kin, then one touch of
, summer now makes the whole coal bin.
The Indianapolis News says the Bel
gian navy Is the smallest in the world.
We thought Bohemia had a smaller
one.
Oklahoma has reduced the Pullman
berth to $1.50. If Oklahoma has not
yet Adopted a State motto we suggest,
"Dare and Do."
W. K. Vanderbllt's son, who has
never made much of a racquet In the
World before, Is now about to marry a
Jemale tennis champion.
Theod6re Roosevelt expects to return
to this country next June. Congress
will probably make a strenuous effort
to adjourn before that time.
A school for turning out model
housewives has been started in Chi
cago. Already we can bear the biff
which such an Institution will deliver
to the divorce microbe.
Managers' of lyceum bureaus should
not neglect to (jet Into early corre
spondence with Fi evident Zelaya. He
ought to develop into a pretty fair
attraction for the Chautauqua circuit.
The guillotine which was used In
France during the reign of terror is
offered for sale. In the event of Its
being purchased by a wealthy Ameri
can will it be admitted free as a work
of art? i ..
Mrs. I'ankhurst Bays American wo
men are not serious enough. Don't
know about that. Some of them be
come pretty serious when they have
to keep the dinner waiting three-quar
ters or an Hour over time.
It has been found that the skin of
the brown rat Is well-adapted for mak
ing gloves, purses, bookbLndlngs, and
similar things. Consequently skin
dealers In Calcutta advertise that they
i will buy ratskins in lots of from one
hundred to ten thousand a chance
for the unemployed, a supply of good
, material for manufacture, and the ex
termination of a disease-bearing pest,
&11 In one.
It has been remarked that the aver
age American family wastes enough
to maintain two French families in
comfort, and In that there may not be
much exaggeration. There can be no
doubt that the cost of living here
could be greatly reduced without any
reduction of the standards of com
fort or even of luxury, simply by the
practice of economy, and economy
means not parsimony or abstemious
ness, but simply good management.
It is a matter for congratulation
that the Woman's Christian Temper
ance Union has decided to abandon
the "Chautauqua salute" the greeting
of a speaker or the applauding of a
sentiment by a general and concerted
waving of handkerchiefs. The fact
that It aoerned a somewhat sentimental
and not wholly spontaneous demon
stration has frequently been urged
against it; but the unanimous protest
of physicians that It was unsanitary
and dangerous has convinced the wo
men that Its continuance is inadvis
able. Colonel Mosby, rough-rider of the
Confederacy, might be erpected to en
Joy the strategy of football, its hurt
ling onsets, swift deceptions, fierce en
counters. But the old master of the
foray and captain of guerrillus says
football Is murder. Also he sneers at
athletes as "Invincible In peace and in
visible in war.", There is something In
what Mosby says. Men of Inordinate
muscle are of less use In this age than
ever before. Yet we are near a worship
of muscle, and there is a cult of brute
strength. An Instance of the same law
of paradox, no doubt, that made the
muscle-governed Middle Ages worship
ful of mind and learning, of the priest
- and scribe. Bulging muscles do not
connote health. Indeed, the muscle of
a Jeffries or a Johnson Is developed at
the expense of vitality. As for endur
ance, the soldier who Is not exception
ally muscular will outmarch, outlast
and outfight the Sanson. Strength is
less and less the requirement of mod
em civilization. Skill and knowledge
are more and more. The craftsman
with the delicate, trained hands, the
marksman with the discerning eye,
they beat the mere strong man In
peace pursuits and in war's game.
Nevertheless, we come nigh reverenc
ing strength for strength's sake, as
they did in the days of decadent Rome.
Perhaps the reason Is to be found in
the psychological fact that in propor
tion as - thing becomes useless, It
grows ornamental. The orchid Is rare
and absolutely of no account, and
hence It Is valued. Much muscle con
tributes little to effttctlveness in mod
ern life, and hence it U highly es
teemed. Several weeks ago attention was
called to the "remarkable" action of a
New York Judge la nuking a uutnber of
eminent corporation lawyers to fierce
to act occasionally as counsel for poor,
friendless and bewildered prisoners In
criminal cases. The decline of crim
inal law, frequent failures of Justice,
the greed and incompetence of Inferior
attorneys who are "assigned" to de-
fend poor prisoners bad combi)ari fca
prompt the court's appeal to the4
ers of the bar. The appeal elicited
sneering comment In certain quarters,
but public-spirited lawyers and editors
listened to commend It. The first
fruit of the experiment would soem to
Justify It abundantly. Samuel ITnter-
myer was assigned, for the statutory
fee of $500, to defend an Italian worn
an who had been indicted for the mur
der of her husband. His handling of
the case whs so able, efficient and mas
terly that, Instead of the conviction ex
pected by Jerome, the Jury In ten min
utes returned a verdict of acquittal
The foreman of the Jury cordially
thanked the attorney and told him
that If more men of his caliber were
induced to defend poor, alien land help
less prisoners fewer Innocent persons
would suffer cruel injustice. There
was nothing technical or sophistical
about the Untermyer defense. He made
no attempt to defeat the law. He
simply endeavored to bring out the
facts, to prevent browbeating and Jug
gling. The testimony established a
plea of self-defense beyond all reason
able doubt. It may be added that Mr.
Untermyer turned over his fee to. the
acquitted woman, after spending about
$1,000 of his own money on the case.
The practice of the criminal law used
to be deemed worthy of the greatest
lawyers, and it is worthy of them to
day. There Is more money In corpo
ration business, in civil and commer
cial law, but what sort of a civiliza
tion is that which holds life and lib
erty cheap, which is not interested in
Justice and right? The New York
Judge has done well to appeal to the
traditions of happier legal days, and
his example should be followed In oth
er cities. It should also stimulate the
demand for radical legal reform In the
Interest of the individual as well as of
the body politic.
LONDON'S OLDEST NEWSBOY.
(Mil Hen" a Fnmlllar Flg-nre on ft
II tm( 1 1 ii Thoroughfare.
Eighty years of age, yet hearty, Ben
Witherden, one of the familiar charac
ters of London, claims to be the old
est "newsy" In the world, Henri Che
valier says in the Cincinnati En
quirer. For forty years his pile of papers
nave been arranged every morning in
the Edgware road, Just north of the
Marble Arch corner of Hyde Park, and
Witherden declares he feels fit for a
centenarian record.
All sorts and conditions of men are
among his customers. Lords and la
dles, doctors and lawyers, nurses and
policemen, all take a kindly interest
In the picturesque figure whose ab
sence from tho pavement would create
a noticeable vacancy. No London
cop' would allow the old peddler of
papers to suffer by undue competition
along that stretch of sidewalk.
Hut modern conditions are develop
ing contrary to the desires of the an
cient "newsy." When he Btarted sell
ing papers there was no rush like
there Is now. If he served people
with their papers by lunch time they
were quite content. But nowadays it
he doesn't let them have their news
before breakfast time there is no (Mid
of a row, and he soon would get paxH
ed up as a "has been."
But he doesn't let them catch him
like that. Summer and winter, rain
hall or shine, he is out at his work.
Lots of good luck conies his way
from time to time. A nearby shop
keeper gave him a chair and stores it
for him over night. Charitably dis
posed customers see that his clothes
are warm and plentiful. The respect
able silk hat he sports adorned the
head of some West End notable not so
long ago. When It Is wet the door
way behind him offers deep shelter,
from which tha proprietor refrains
from driving him. Altogether "Old
Ben" Is as merry a newsboy as the
youngest member of that noisy tribe
Everything Is noisier to-day than
when he first began to sell papers.
Lumbering omnibuses and horsed ve
hlclos were all the traffic that disturb
ed the route to the heights of Crlckle-
wood and Ilendon. Now snorting mo
torbuses thunder along with loads of
suburban residents from villas erected
on the green fields. The world grows
swifter and more strenuous, while Old
Ben Witherden would have It resume
its olden pace, more In keeping with
his advancing years.
Got Too Familiar,
A story told of Justice Brewer con
cerns a trip he made to his old home
in Kansas, accompanied by Mrs.
Brewer. In Washington a Justice of
the Supreme Court Is spoken of as
"Mr. Justice," and that Is the title
Mrs. Brewer always has heard. When
they reached Chicago, however, the
"Mr." was dropped and the Jurist was
referred to as "Justice Brewer." At
Omaha soma old friends called him
"David J.," and when they crossed the
Kansas line some former neighbors
referred to him as "David."
"Let's go home," suggested Mrs.
Brewer.
"Why?" asked the Justice.
"Because, dear," Mrs. Brewer rs
piled, "I ara afraid if we go any fur
ther they will be calling you 'Da
vie.'" Cleveland Leader.
Anlmoatly In the Suburb.
Cltlman How's your friend, Back
lotz?
Subbubs (haughtily) Pardon me.
but you've made a mistake.
Cltlman Don't be silly! Why, you
were telling me only last week how
you coaxed a servant girl away from
him.
Subbubs Yes. but he's got her now.
Philadelphia Tress.
They Have To.
'There Is one class of men mort
than another they say very soon go
down hill."
"Who are they?"
"Mountain climbers." Baltimore
American.
Looked Lilt a Hecora.
Mrs. Crlmsonbeak What are you
going to do with that porous plaster,
John?
Mr. Crlmsonbeak I'm going to set
what tune It will play on tu pianola!
Yonktrs Statesman,
j Opinions of Great Papers on Important Subjects. fj
THE NATION'S FARMS.
i'LU 1 1 T
m
mm
S THE farm actually
the country, or Is that
of the stump orator?
Secretary Wilson's annual report and see.
The gain In the value of farm products In
a single year is $869,000,000. The total
value of these products for 1909 Is $8,760.-
000,000, which Is Just double what that value was eleven
years ago. The eye observes these stupendous figures,
but the dazed mind utterly refuses to take them in!
Corn Is king, without' a rival or pretender. The value
of this one crop for 1909 is no less than $1,720,000,000.
Secretary Wilson editorializes to the extent of trans
lating this figure Into Intelligible terms. The 1909 corn
crop Is nearly as valuable as the clothing and personal
adornments of 76,000,000 people (census of 1900). To
pay for It would require all the gold and silver In the
country. You could exchange It for Dreadnaughts at the
rate of two ships a day. It surpasses the average of the
last five years by nearly one-third. But other crops have
been doing very nicely, thank you. Cotton stands at
$850,000,000, wheat at $725,000,000, hay at $CG5,000,000,
and so on, and so on. Richmond (Va.) Tlmes-Dlspntch.
ECCLESIASTICAL DEMAGOGUES.
BAN MATTHEWS has been stirring up
things In a series of addresses at Chautau
qua, N. Y. Among other subjects that have
received his attention has been that of
ministerial demagogues.
The ministry should be the last place In
the world In which to find demagogism.
D
It Is detestable enough anywhere, but especially so In
the church, and the strictures of the scholarly dean
are none too severe upon those ecclesiastical mounte
banks who for the sake of personal gain will be disloyal
to the best that Is in the advance movements of the
church to-day. Happily the number of such clerical
shysters Is relatively small.
Yet Prof. Matthews, we apprehend, will not find all
the ministerial demagogues In the ranks of the pro
fessedly ultra-conservatives. In fact, there Is quite as
great a temptation to pose as a progressive liberal and
a discoverer of new truth which Is not truth at all. The
spirit In both cases Is the same selflsh masquerading
In order to win cheap applause and passing fame. Mil
waukee Sentinel.
YOUTHFUL SNOBBISHNESS.
A RENTS and others Interested In the wel
fare of the public schools will find interest
in the article on "High School Fraterni
ties" In Everybody's Magazine. It calls
attention In a way that is none the less
pointed for being so humorous to a serious
g
p
in
menace to the public school system. When,
a few years ago, Imitation of the Greek-letter society
of the colleges was introduced by the high schools, It
was feared by experienced observers that mischief might
i A CASE OF INCOMPATIBILITY T
The former resident of Bnshby had
been gathering facts in regard to hla
old friends and neighbors from Lem
Uel Howe. "What's this I hear about
Maria Hixon's marrying Homer
Rawles?" he Inquired. "Somebody
told n e they were married six months,
and then separated on account of in
ompatlbillty. 1 always thought Maria
was the gentlest creature in the
world."
"So she was, nnd Is," said Mr. Howe,
"but she had a habit that had ought to
have warned her not to marry a man
In Homer's line o' business. You know
be was night watchman at the mills."
The old resident nodded, but did
not speak to break the narrative.
"Well, sir, Maria had always had
the habit of changing round the fur
niture every few days. Living alone
as she did, 'twas kind of company for
her. The women folks had always
noticed It, but us men hadn't taken
ny thought about it.
"Of course, when she was married
she kept right on at home, having a
good house, and Homer having always
bached it in the boarding house.
"Ills hours as watchman were from
10 at night to 7 In the morning, so he
used to go to bed along about 2:30 or
I In the afternoon to get his sleep;
and Marla'd set a nice lunch out for
hltu and go to bed at the natural bed
time, 'long about 9. So she was always
In her first sound nap when Homer got
up, and scarcely ever waked.
"But from time to time he'd hit on
on.ethlng unexpected when he was
crawling round quiet as he could. He'd
Just get a map o' the house In his
mind when Marla'd change things all
round. You know yourself that bumps
are hard to bear, and that bureau
idges and table corners and chair rock
ers bruise considerable.
"Homer, he talked and argued, and
got mad. and finally he said he'd get
hltu a pocket lantern and keep It on
the light-stand by tho bed.
"All went well for a few nights,
snd then It struck Maria one afternoon
bow pretty the light-stand would look
in the Jog by the n.antelplece an' she
moved It. lantern an' all, never think
ing. "That night Homer reached out for
the lantern, inlssrd it, reached farther,
and struck Maria's work basket and
a Mg vase of daisies, and they all
went.
"I don't know's there was much said,
but I (mess what was said hit Maria
as sharp a rap as her wooden darning-
egB hit Homer- and they agreed then
Slid there to separate.
"As Homer says, If that Isn't Incom
patibility, what Is?
"They agreed to be good friends
apart and no talk about it. Homer's
bruises are heated, and Maria's bought
a new tip-leaf table, and she's trying
it all over the house. Homer goes
there for Sunday dinners and some
odd meals, and they both are taking
on llesh."
W't suppose It Is tald of all of us
by some oue: "lie reminds mi of
Uriah tleep."
the corner stone of
merely the wind
Let us glance at
1306
07
"08
EDISON'S EARLY DREAM.
Trailer 'Vlalon' fame to Inteiitor
Much Lena than 42 Yearn Aro.
Some of the big builders, the kind
who erect New York skyscrapers, told
me they didn't believe a cement house
could be poured. Impracticable! A
dream!
I told Edison what some of the New
York builders had said, but the news
didn't seem to irritate him, says Allen
L. Benson in Munsey's.
"Those fellows couldn't be expected
to understand how I am doing this,"
he replied. "They have no imagina
tion. They make me think of the fel
lows who told me there was nothing
in the electric trolley. After I had
worked on the trolley for some time
spent $42,000 on my experiments, and
got the Idea where I thought it could
be made commercially successful, I
went before the Edison Electric Light
Company, of which I was a large stock
holder, and made this proposition:
"'Reimburse me for the money I
have spent and I will turn over all my
trolley -patents to the company.'
I well remember the meeting. It
was held at the corner of Broad and
Wall streets In New York, in the
building in which are nsw the offices
of J. P. Morgan & Co. The directors
were some of the most prominent men
in New York. There jvas Just one man
on the board besides mvself who
thought there was anything to the
trolley. He was Henry Villard. He
was In favor of accepting my proposi
tion. All the others said the trolley
was a dream, and they rejected my
offer. Spencer Trask, by the way, was
one of the men, and I guess he Is mak
ing more money out of electric rail
roads to-day than any other one man
in the country.
"So, you see, It doesn't bother me
much to have men say that something
I am trying to do can t be done. I
have heard that story before, but I
never paid any attention to It, and I
shall not pay any attention to It now.
I'll pour a house about the beginning
of the year, and, by next spring oth
ers will be pouring houses ail over the
world. More than that, this new kind
of construction will ultimately go far
toward doing away with the use of
umber In building."
Mexican llonaea of Gold.
For hundreds of years the bare
footed and empty-Btomached poor of
Guanajirato. Mexico, have been living
in houses or gold, says Success Maga
zine. They were not Fifth avenue
mansions copied from Florence and
Sienna, but Just plain wlndowless huts
made out of adobe or the mud of the
Guanajirato gold district. A hundred
of these huts had to be torn down to
permit the construction of a railroad,
and some man got the Idea of analyz
ing the debris. The houses have now
yielded $50,000 in gold to the posses
sors, and many a poor GuanaJIratan
who last year did not know where his
next cigarette was coming from now
revels in the prospect of sombreros
and pulque and hot tamales for life.
New houses are being put up, but they
are not mansions of gold. The latest
building material in Guanajirato is
plain, uniterlllzed common or garden
mill.
X
mm
F
nam. miaii
result. The extent to which these societies have flour
ished has been amazing. Wherever they have spread
they have Introduced a petty social rivalry, snobbishness
and heart-burning.
Into what has long been regarded as one of the chief
bulwarks of democracy they have introduced a kind of
aristocratic excluslveness. The distorted, misinterpreted
"spirit of freedom," which In reality Is nothing more
than rebellion against authority, is largely responsible.
Parents as well as pupils resent what they call the "In
terference" of school authorities in the personal and so
cial life. And often the effect of these societies is to
nurture further rebellion against school discipline. The
menace Is real, although the aping is often ridiculous.
Boston Herald.
PROTECT THE COAL MINER.
HE coal report of the Illinois Bureau of
Labor Statistics for 1908 contains much of
especial interest in view of the disaster
at Cherry. The appalling fact that from
1898 to 1907 the fatalities among the coal
miners of the United States and Canada
totaled 18,138 is almost beyond belief.
The Increase In accidents in Illinois with each suc
ceeding year demonstrates the need of stricter laws.
Here Is the roll for three yeurs back:
Killed.
lr,5
165
i83
Injured.
480
636
819
I he rapid rise in the casualty roll , might reasonably
have been expected to result In close Investigation of
conditions and the enactment of necessary laws to safe
guard the miners. Yet nothing was done until the last
session of the Legislature, and even when the Legisla
ture had acted, Gov. Deneen was so little interested in
protecting coal miners that he delayed almost four
months before appointing the authorized commission.
Extensive use of concrete and better regulation of
drilling, charging and firing will go a long way toward
reducing futuro casualty lists. Steps to that end should
be taken forthwith. Chicago Journal.
DOCTORS AND THEIR DUES.
EW communities ever realize how much
they owe the doctors and few people who
do realize how much they owe ever pay
tip. IT every doctor could collect his full
fee for all the work he doe3 each could
have his own automobile and town and
country houses. But the doctor goes alone
his own way and uncomplainingly beurs the sorrows,
burdens and distress of a large part of the population.
He knows that he Is "a very present help in time of
trouble;" ho knows that he Is performing a verv real
and practical service to humanity, and that is one of
the greatest rewards of a profession that receives more
nonor ana appreciation than it does material compen
sation. Baltimore Sun.
A STATE EGG BUSINESS.
to-operative gy.tem In Souther,,
Anatralin.
Eggs warranted fresh are now be
ing furnished to the households of
southern Australia by the govern
ment. For this purpose egg collecting
circles are formed, each of fifteen per
sons. They are supplied with books,
rubber stamps and cardboard cases.
Each egg has its brand, so that its
origin can be traced. In actual opera
tion the egg-carrying cases arriving
by road or rail from distances up to
300 miles contain so small a percent
age of cracked or broken eggs that
the loss Is negligible. The testing at
the receiving depots is by electric
light. A bad egg is discovered Imme
diately after It arrives and Is not al
lowed to pass on to the consumer,
while the sender is promptly warned.
Each egg goes through the hands of
the grader, who weeds out all under
two ounces In weight. These light
weight eggs go to make egg pulp. The
few cracked ones, of course, after be
ing tested for quality, are sold to the
confectioners. The system Is run on
co-operative lines. The consumer has
to pay something more for guaran
teed grade eggs the increase in price
does not exceed a penny a dozen
and the surplus is handed back to the
egg producers on a proportional basis.
The motoric Ulrd.
"Speaking of Christmas turkeys,"
said Sir Thomas LIpton In the Ced
ric's smoking room, "reminds me of a
Piccadilly club. A Devonshire man
sent this club, about Christmas, a fine
large swan in a hamper. The hamper
was addressed to the secretary, who
notified the club members of the treat
that was In store, and a special swau
dinner was arranged for the 23d. The
swan came on at this dinner looking
magnificent erect and stately on a
great silver-gilt salver. But tough!
It was so tough you couldn't have
carved the gravy. All perceived that
they had been hoaxed. A few days
later the sender of the swan dropped
In at the club.
" 'Got my swan all right, I hope?"
he said to the secretary.
"'Yes; and a nice trick you played
on us.' was the reply.
"'Trick? What do you mean?
" 'Why, we boiled that swan for 16
hours, and when It came on the tabid
It was tougher than a block of gran
ite.' " 'Good gracious! Did you have my
swan cooked?'
" 'Yes; of course.'
"The other was in despair.
" Why, that bird was historic,' he
groaned. 'I sent him up to be stuffed
and preserved. Ho had been In my
family for 290 years. He bad eaten
out of the hand of King Charles I.' "
II la M ITed.
"What do you want for Christmas,
father?"
"Going to giinmee a useful gift, as
usual, I s'pose?"
"Surely you do not object to a use
ful glftr
"Not at all. Make It a ton of coal."
Louisville Courier-Journal.
No one can avoid giving at least ens-
third of his time to bores.
PARADISE Ft Iff,
in woioraoo the sexes Are on
a..
Equal Terms, Even in Matters
Of the Earnings.
NOT SO IN OTHER STATES.
Laws Based on the Code Napoleon
Where Modifications of Stat
utes Are Necessary.
Colorado Is a veritable paradise for
Women. This pleasing statement
made In an article by Rheta Childe
Dorr In Hampton's Magazine. In this
progressive age women's rights are ap
preaching realization. In Colorado
would lie difficult to find the smallest
legal inequality between men and wo
men.
"Louisiana," Mrs. Dorr says, "Is pos
sibly the last state In the Union a
well-informed woman would choose for
a residence. The laws of Louisiana
were based, not on the English com-
nwn law, which holds women in scant
enough regard, but on the code Napo
leon, which regards women merely as
a working, breeding, domestic anl
mal.
"The husband absolutely controls his
wires property and her earnings in
Texas, Tennessee, Louisiana, Califor
nla, Arlzbna, North Dakota, South Da
kota and Idaho. He has virtual con
trol that Is to say, the wife's rights
are merely provisional In Alabama,
New Mexico and Missouri.
'Women to control their own busi
ness property must oe registered as
traders on their own account In these
states: Georgia. Montana, Nevada,
Massachusetts, North Carolina, Oregon
and Virginia. .
What Is the legal status of the
American mother? When the club wo-
men began the study of their position
Derore tne law. they were amazed to
huu, m an out ten oi the states and
territories, that they had absolutely
no control over the destinies of their
OWn Children.
In Pennsylvania if a woman sup-
ports ner children, or has money to
contribute to their support, she has
Joint guardianship. Under somewhat
.miliar circumstances Rhode Island
w..in nave me same right.
iu uu me ocner states and terri-
tories children belong to their fathers,
They can be given away, or willed
-..-J uuiu uiumer. j.uai mis ai-
iiiosi. never nappe.ns is due largely to
the fact that, as a rule, no one except
uie mother of a child is especially
seen to possess it."
HOW SPOOLS ARE MADE.
White Illrch In the Wood Uaed and
It Miat He Snwcd Karly.
Few persons realize the great care
necessary fln the production of timber
ior me manufacture or the convmon
spool sold in the stores on which
thread Is wound.
The green logs are brought to the
mill uuHng th. r in four!
ioot lengtns, and are first sawed
lengthwise into bars, or "sauares."
These bars are made four feet long
whenever possible, and are square in
cross sections of various sizes, depend
ing on the size of the spool desired.
The bars must all be sawed before
the 1st of June, preferably before the
1st of Mav. In orHpr tn
lng. Round Ioks with the hark
gin to stain as soon war
sets In, usually about the middle of
May.
Bv the middle of .Tnn th
foot bolts are usually stain thrC.
out their entire length, and by the 1st
of Aueust four-foot bolts ni
stained. Soon after this white streaks
begin to appear in the wood, and it
loses Its strength. Whole stems left
in the wood stain for onlv two r
three feet at both ends, but the rest of
the material Is not so clean and whit
as when winter-sawed during the first
season. Best results are obtained by
sawing the wood while it is frozen.
With clear white birch of the best
quality, particularly free from large
knots and red hearts, two cords of
round logs yield 1,000 board feet of
spool bars, the New York Herald says.
With the ordinary run of material
however. It takes from oue and one-
half to three cords to make 1,000 feet
of bars.
The sawing of the logs Into such
Binall bars makes much sawdust waste.
and hair a cord of Bawdust has actu-1
ally come from a single cord of bolts.
Immediately after Bawlng the green
bars are stacked In open piles out of
doors, but under cover. The air has
free access to then.', and they usually
season for several months.
When it is desired to use them thev
are put into a dry kiln to complete
the seasoning. It Is essential that sea- I
sonlng should be thorough, since the
Biisuitsi cnauge in me size of the
spool after manufacture makes It im
possible for the delicately adjusted ma
chines now in use in the cotton mills
to wind the thread upon It
The bars are flrBt cut into short
Vleces the exact length of the spool
uesirea anu these are then put through
a uio nun 11 iiimB uui me Bpooi. in I
many cases tnese lathes are entirely
automatic. The best of them wnrif
with great speed and accuracy and
turn out spools at the rate of one a
second.
At this stage the spools are rough
nnH miiut 1.a utn.n,I tr B . v. . . . . . I
""- " oiiiuv.iii.7ii kjii nu lulic me I
thread may not be cut and broken In
winding. This smoothing Is done by
roiling ior iiair an hour or more to
gether with several balls of wax and
paraffin in a large hollow cylinder.
This Is the general process by which
the ordinary sewing spools are made
and they are tlu-n sorted, culled and
shipped.
The very large spools, however.
must be made In three pieces. A cylin
drical piece several Inches long and
mreaueu ai each end serves as the
wu ui mo spool, ana tue Deads are
rvllnHrl..ol ... .
'"i mono, wunii ara screwea i
onto the body piece and gTned. The
spool is then completed by being turn
ed on a lathe and Is smoothed and
polished with sandpaper.
The largest of these three-plce
spools holds 12,000 yards of the
thread, and between them and tho
smallest, that holds only twenty yards,
there Is every possible gradation In
size and shape.
FORMATION OF ANCHOR ICE.
Frequently Found Sticking; to Ob
ject at Mottom of Stream.
It is well known that not onlv Is
ice lighter than water, but water very
near the freezing point Is lighter than
that which Is somewhat less cold. Thla
forms an exception to the general rule
that water, like most other substances
always contracts with the cold, and It
is well for us that it is so, Bays the
is l-os Angeles Herald, for If contraction
continued uniformly up to the freez-
Ing point water Just about to freeze
- would sink to the bottom. Ice would
It form from below upward and our
streams would be frozen solid. As it
is water on the point of freezing ex
panda, becomes lighter, rises to the
top and freezes there.
In spite of all this, however, what Is
called "anchor Ice" is an apparent ex-
ceptlon to the rule. This is a spongy
collection of Ice crystals that stick to
objects at the bottom of streams and
- I sometimes form masses of consider-
able size. Recent experiments by Dr.
- Lokhtlne, a Russian physician, throw
considerable light on the formation of
this kind of ice. His experiments.
which were performed on the Rivet
- I Neva, showed that if water well freed
- from Ice crystals were inclosed in a
- water tight vessel and lowered to the
bottom of the stream anchor Ice never
formed inside, though It often clung
I to the outside of the vessel. If the
- vessel, however, were filled with ordi-
nary river water objects within It
soon became covered with the BDoncy
mass. This shows that the crystals
that make up the "anchor Ice" are al
ready floating in the swift current of
cold rivers and that thev are merelv
deposited on objects against or around
which the water flows.
The crystals, it has been found, al
wayB form at the surface of the water
as they oueht. but owlne to the swift.
ness of the current thev are whirls
lawav hefnrA thov a,1haya
form a covering Thn "anchor W
always forms on the up stream side
of obstacles, which Ehw. thr h.
crystals must come down with the
current. The author recommends that
th9 formation of surface Ice be fa-
vored In Russian rivers bv retarding
the current, so that the occurrence of
the troublesome "anchor ice" may be
prevented.
$J'tt't'$t.
KOREAN DUELS.
Fighting Is probably nowhere a
wholly lost art, although In some coun
tries it Is so modified that it is nearly
a harmless amusement. One recalls
the "wax bullets" of the French duels.
Another illustration Is given in a book
called "Things Korean," by Dr. H. N.
Allen. It seems that in that country.
a
man and his wife, the prime requisite
for a fight is the presence of peace
makers.
Two man may begin a wordy battle,
separated it may be by the width ol
the road, across which space they pro
ceed to describe their grievances. They
are-Pllte- and the ma wo has the
floor keePs t till either his arguments
or hls breath fails- They re splendid
talkers, and this discussion is main-
tained ,n loud tones' 80 that a" the
wajrjarera ana me neignoors may
hpar-
Soon an interested crowd assembles
and thelr presence naturally lends in
Bn,rat,on t0 tne Performers, who re
doub,e their efforts, till one of them
y nauy wind up a severe tirade
aadreB8ed to the crowd regarding the
1uallty of the ancestors of a person
" couia conauct nimseir as his op
Pont)nt has done.
I n 8 wU1 ca"se the other man tc
I wrl across tne road for the malignet
of nls Progenitors, and then the self
I appointed peacemaker will step out
rrom ltle crowd and attempt to re
Btr'n the valiant one, who, finding
nlmseir in firm hands, will struggle
wlta well-feigned earnestness to get
at his antagonist, who by thjs time Is
himself struggling In the hands of hit
own peacemaker.
. Should one of these men actually
wlsn t0 Ket at his enemy, he can simp
Iy Junip out of his loose garment
which will be left In the peacemaker'
I bands. Sometimes this happens accl
dentally, and an unlntentloned en
counter Is precipitated. Ordinarily,
however, the personal violence done
on these occasions Is restricted to null
lng hair or possibly drawine hlon,i
from an accidental b"ump on the nos
Blood never falls to calm both nar
ties and cast a spell over the crowd,
probably because of its marked effect
on the white garments thus ruined
Plaualble Kxplanallon.
The depot of Meridian, Tex., is aboui.
a mile from the business part of the
town. One night a sleepy, wearv trav.
ellng man said to the darky who was
driving him to the hotel:
uio iiiuu, iij in me name or
heaven did they put this depot o tr
from town?
The darky scratched his head In
thought, and replied:
"Waal, boss, 1'se fo'ced to admit dat
hasn't give de matter s'fflclent cogl-
. . i .. 1. . . . 1 .......... 1 ....
wtliuil, uut jva juniinj I'jj ifr ansWCT
like dls, I s'pose dey done dat so as to
have de depot as near as possible to
de railroad." Llpplneott's.
One Wa.
Bobby Say, dad, do you kill the
bulls and bears In Wall street with a
gun?
Father No, my son. They get them
in a corner and pinch them to death.
Puck.
The day's work has never been too
bsrd to the man who Is rested by the
satisfaction that it lm hn
. " "
worm.
V