Dakota County Herald
DAKOTA CITY, NEB.
IOHN H. REAM,
Publisher.
Captain Amundsen will n
bear far bin dash to tho pole,
oxmds logical.
polar
This
Tha simplest of simple lives Is said
to be the one best thing for tlie editor.
Vet us read tlie proof.
It vim be seen tlint tbe deceased
Wives' sisters hare begun to marry
their deceased sisters' husnands.
Surprising how many of these suc
cessful air ship trips end In the urn
chlue behig carted home In a farmer's
dragon.
That Chicago family which has lived
In a motor ear for a year may have
teen drrven ta It by the servant girl
question.
The Kew York woman who Is living
wit a tonne! n her brain Is going to
fcnre considerable trouble getting It olt
tier mind.
WKhon wrshlng to work oJT a pun,
we would rise to remark that It seems
boot time foT rHhsatlon to apply tho
etrap to Moreeco.
One scientist's guess as to the condi
tions that prevail on the planet Mars
probably to as good as any other scl
trttBt'a, H not a little better.
CaptahJ Mabnn has Just published
aaattieT booh en tlie science of war. In
spite ef the efforts of pence congresses
audi books always seem to be timely.
A New York man who sat down on
an Inverted carpet tack recovered his
powers f speech which had been lost
for fourteen years. Guess what was
the 0rst thing he said.
The "Esperanto waltz" has arrived:
It Is probably Intended to enable the
sralteers te say something more than
"ttnl the music lovely?" or "What a
splendid fleer this Is."
Whole or In part: In New Zealand,
women have had the full franchise since1.
1893. All the Australian states except
Victoria have conferred he state fran
chise on women, and women have full
federal suffrage and the right to sit ire
the federal parliament. In the sumj
mary on Australia we read: "At some
elections not only a larger perwitagd
but actually a larger number of womj
en than of men have voted. Last yeaii
In Tasmania women outnumbered thi
men at everv nolrina station. It Is
also everywhere apparent that they
have aroused the men to a new sense
of their political duty." In the Dan
ish colony of Iceland widows and spin
sters who are householders or woo
maintain a family or themselves have
a right to vote for parish and town
councils and district bo;mls and visit
ors and are eligible for election to all
the offices for which they can vote. In
Finland women have tbe full franchise
and the office-holding rights of men,
Including the right to sit In parlia
ment. In Norway women who pay
taxes on property to the value or $75
In the country and $110 In the cities
were admitted to the municipal frau
chine In 1001 and made eligible to
serve In the common councils. Later
the parliamentary franchise was grant
ed to all who pay taxes on an Income
of $N1 In the country and $115 In the
cities. "Wives caa vote on the hus
band's Income, ami even domestic ser
vants will have an Income large enough
to entitle them to vote." It Is expect
ed that the concessions already made
will soon result In tho abolition of the
property qualltlcatlon and the admis
sion of women to Jhe polls on the same
terms with men. In Sweden widows
and single women and married women
who pay taxes on their own property
have the municipal franchise on the
same terms as men. Some form of
woman suffrage Is enjoyed In all tho
provinces of Canada, and In Great
Britain women have the right to par
ticipate In local elections. This Is a
statement of results actually accom
plished, but It does not fully Indicate
jthe progress of the movement, since the
campaigning Is being carried on with
great vigor In the chief countries of the
world and Is making recruits rapidly.
CONFIRM bLB NW1TIVB;
thxer fiKvr a Pufrco S0S
WORLD'S LARGEST STACK.
The Kataasfaasan Kagalanggalang
Kattponan hi the name of a Filipino se
cret ascletj If the password Is of like
lengJh they must have hard work get
ting a trneruro before the hour of ud-Jmimaacna,
A man and his wife quarreled over
feather bed; tho man's wii'e left him.
and he went eat Into his back yatd
arnd tolew bis brains out. Now he has
M use fer the feather bed. How easily
aesno t kings are settled, after all.
New York millionaires are buying
komes fn Paris. Where will the East
era movement cense? The millionaire
makes his money In the West and can
not be satisfied until ho has u homo on
Fifth avenue or near It. Then ho ls
Sins te want te lire In London, and
after London Paris appeal to lilm.
From Paris ho nicy go to Turkey or
Persia.
Numerous Inscriptions In Lntln were
cut ea the new building for the Depart
ment ef Agrlcnlturo In Washington.
The bend of the department discovered
the ether day that some of them are in
bad Lntln, and ordered them all erased
and recnt hi plain English. There Is
m better reason for Inscribing Ameri
can public buildings with Latin than
tbere would have been for putting in
acrtpttons In Greek or Sanskrit on the
jrabtie buildings In ancient Rome. The
theary that there hi a peculiar virtue In
foreign tongue Is widely held. It
gpea as far as te lead to the singing of
French translations of German and
Italian operaa tn American opera
houses, translations made at the de
mand af music-laving Frenchmen, who
insist that they shall understand the
language sung te them.
Tbere la a large class of citizens In
every eonntry who distrust banks or
dislike to go to them with small sums.
Ttea result Is that a great deal of
money Is kept out of circulation by
hoarding. In the United States the
amoant thus carried on tlie person or
aecreted la not less than $500,000,000.
Its owners would be willing to let tho
government have the mouey, and there
would be no panicky runs. At any
postofflce funds can be withdrawn at
any thne, so the account is virtually a
national letter of credit. In England
the rate of Interest paid Is 2V4 per
rent, and the minimum deposit received
Is 1 shilling, though thero Is a provis
ion for penny savings, by means of
-asds en which stamps are atlixed a
penny at a time up to a shilling, when
a regular" deposit can be made. No
one can deposit more than $250 In any
I'oonrtatlon for Wonderful Sraoko
Conveyor la Proajreaalaar.
Ten thousand tons of concrete Is
being used In the foundation for the
5(K5-fot smokestack In course f con
struction by tho Boston and Montreal
Mining Company at Indian Point, Just
ncross tho river from Great Falls,
Mont., says the Seattle Post-IntellW
gencer. When completed the stack will
ho the largest In the world, having a
diameter of fifty feet Inside at the top.
Under chnrge of Chief Engineer
Seotten of the Boston and Montana
Company, In this city, the wort of
making the foundation has been start
ed, and the great concrete mixer Is
pouring 250 tons of the mixed article
dally Into the great hole Which marks
the foundation of tho big stack.
The building company agreed to have
the stack ready for turning back to the
smelter company Nov. 1 of this year,
but It Is not certain that tho work will
he completed In tho time originally
specified.
Although the foundation lies In sight
of tho city, and within a few minutes
of the street car line, but few people
have seen the starter for the big stack,
or realize Its proportions.
Ono of the necessities for the build
lng of the big stack was the building
of a railroad to the top of the bill for
the bringing up of supplies, which was
not completed until a few weeks since.
The new road, with Us branches, Is
about four miles In length.
The stack will be the highest struct
ure of slmllnr kind In the world, ex
cept the Eiffel tower In Paris and the
Washington monument In the nation i
capital, being but about forty-nine feet
lower than the latter. In the scaffold
ing necessary to building there will be
500.000 feet of lumber. When complet
ed It will be tho eighth wonder of the
world, and already is attracting the
attention of scientific men throughout
the country.
More and more corroboration of the
historical data of the Old Testament Is
derived from archaeological explora
tions In Palestine. Enthusiasm In hl8
work was greatly stimulated by the dis
covery and deciphering of tho Moabite
stone and again by the finding of the
Blloant Inscription. Both these achieve
ments threw a strong light upon some
obscure points In the ancient toiogru
phy of the Land of Israel. Now we Have
a discovery, equally Important and per
haps more so, In that It Identities he
city of Gezer. of which Iloram was king
-whom Joshua smote, "hlin and his
people, until he had left hlni none re
maining."
-rt, f the Palestine reparti
tion Fund have uncovered the Site of
Gezer and have found tnere
sole signs of Its existence, its greatness
and the thrilling nature oi iv
Its inhabitants and Its king, wn.sn
.T,h,,n tmiote them, were Cannanltes.
i.t,.,n the c tv and lanu bij-i-
tnlnlng to It to the children of Israel,
"for a possession according io
visions," but did not kill or eSpel all
f the Cannanltes. The expression In
the text, "until he lert mm no..
malnlng." doubtless refers to King Ho-
onlv. for t s uisiii"
in .Tmiircs. 1. 20. that "Ephralm
th trthel drove not out tlie inaim
l. !n7nr hilt til ft
Cananltos
dwelt In Gezer among them.
Horned by rhnrnoh.
ti.o rihr rmmcr was allotted after the
conquest by Joshua to the Kohathlte
Tit hut thev nimear never io uj"--
n7.minel the Canaanltes within Its
walls. Even to the time of Solomon the
rnnflnites were still dwelling mere, n
la minnosed tht the city had become
practically Independent of Isrnel, al
tiMih nossibly it was still nominally
under the hitter's rule, one oi i"
rharaohs burned the city and slew the
rnnnltes. This statement in J
Kings would seem to Imply that the
Cananltes had absorbed or assimilated
the Hebrews who had dwelt with tnem,
HI,....!! thun irnvA the CltV to bis
ft lin I taw. ....- - -
ilnuehter. one of Solomon's wives. Solo
mon Immediately rebuilt and roruuwi
It.
The search for Gezer has proceeded
for several generations. Though many
tmes referred to In the Old Testament,
It Is nlways with such extreme vague
ness that the situation of the city could
not be determined thereby. It Is known
now that Its site was on the Hue of the
great highway between Egypt and Sy
ria, commanding the nppronch from the
south to Jerusnlem. Its very great rel
ative importance Is therefore apparent
There is no doubt that eager efforts
will be made by archaeologists to ob
tain further significant relies from Its
site. Those that have already been
brought to light by the agents of tho
Palestine Exploration Fund may justly
h reirnrded as Invaluable. There Is
abundant ground for the belief that
Gezer was the chief city of the Canaan
Ites. 'It seems to Have Decn tne cen
tral town of the Philistines when Da
vid made war upon them. In I Chron
icles It Is recorded that "David did ns
God commanded him; and they smote
the host of the Philistines from Glbcon
even to Gezer."
A few years ago It was pretty well
screed that Tell Jezer, near the village
of Abu Shur8heb, four miles from Am-
was, the ancient Nlcopolls mentioned
where Chcmosh Is spoken as as "the
abomination of Moab."
COTTON PICKIK3.
BCEKE3 ni MOORISH BATTLES,
Southern N'ltrn In Thin Particular
Una No t'fiml.
I?v the middle of December the cot
ton picking season In the South Is gen
erally brough'. to a close, but this year.
on neeount of tlie great scarcity of
labor throughout the cotton States,
Christmas will find a great quantity
of the fibre still on the stalks. The
planters are paying from 50 to 00 cents
a hundred pounds, and as a good work
er nicks 400 pounds n day, the Income
Is considerable.
Hy far the best pickers are negroes.
Each picker Is supplied with a basket
and a bag. The basket Is left nt tlie
bead of the cottnu rows, and the bag
Is suspended from the picker's neck by
a strap, and Is used to hold the cotton
as It Is taken from the boll. When tho
bag Is filled It is emptied Into the bas
ket, and this routine Is continued
through the day. When a basket Is
filled It Is dumped Into a wagon, and
when there Is n load ready It Is hauled
to the gin bonne, almost every large
planter having his own gin.
Almost from the time the pickers
enter the field and adjust their sacks
around their necks they begin to sing.
Few negroes can pick, cotton without
singing. The negro as n rule works by
music, and the picker who doesn't sing
will prove himself a mighty poor hand.
The singing Is music the like of which
you cannot hear nt any other place,
or under any other circumstances a
low, soft bum, delicately intoned,
rhythmic, mellow and soothing. Thero
is nearly always u "leader," and the
others Join In. While from other coun
tries may come laborers to aid lu our
agricultural developments, none will
ever be found who can take the place
of the negro as a cotton picker. To hlni
It comes natural, and at the close of
a day's bending over the cotton rows,
with nimble fingers drawing out the
long, fleecy staple, he- Is as fresh as
when he began his work In the enrly
morning. Ills songs are continued nt
nightfall when be returns from the
fields with well-filled baskets of cotton
upon his head. There appears to be no
such thing as .unking hlni tired, but
with tho coming darkness he Is ready
to take part In corn suucklngs, dances
and socials, and If he gets to bed by
1 o'clock he Is lu luck. No difficulty- Is
experienced In getting th6 pickers up
early and off to the cotton fields. The
picker knows that an early start means
much to hlni, from the factthat the
heavy dew on the staple will make It
weigh. The pfcker gains ninny pounds
by getting Into the fields by daylight
and working like a trooper until the
sun has dried off the dew.
When the crop Is In, when tho pick
ers have worked right up to Christmas
eve, the planters pay them off In good
coin of the realm, and then they are
ready for the Christmas festivities,
and the southern darky gets about ns
much genuine pleasure out of the holi
days as the next person. In the South
tli Christmas festivities last a full
Stand imhmr f
In cvldcuij
: x.Www--il!- . .; 'J, ,'J ..fZ 7 W -".1 ..oator nra Town nnrt t'ountrv. V
'W&W L.!JhMf. 3a tV&A"Ji33i Jl i nn.ler lt iratcM! shelter one looks
vmtrm- , ;.r.i ,.. wweb have
r tM&Jl. ;&W&J, Plred such masters of the brush
vv. B-fM W-sVM Dnveneck. Twachtman. Chllde
Y;?V&W flfffiWi .d a -ore of others, who In y
- ' - ?&8VmmiM Past have set up their easels and fo
VKPM Vi a tmlnter's Joy In the wealth of
mfmmMS fW W M - J variety and picturesqueness of this
s:?'.Mt&&&& -.. i.v the aos. More than 200 ye
Mmmmmmmmwmr ; over us spires, s .
mmmMm!mm lmZ-$?V i U. dulling into perfection
.ttXcjrl MKZ TROOPS WIXH
D 'VI 12 E MTTFJB.V WPVS-TKG Jk
Oaaln Town In Maaaochnaetta
Where Artlata Find Open ("
Nowhere on the Now England
la ihn tL-hlio linihrolln more
than In the quaint old town of Glou-
rora
out
In-
ss
Hassain
ears
und
color.
old
ears
ml
those
iini, viii.h nniw time can norfect. Not.
only wharves and ships are transferred
to the canvas, but quaint streets, with:
their houses perched upon rocks, 'MfQ
crop out In a maimer almost perllouB
to the passer-by. Old-fashioned gar
dens glowing with color from early
c:
fell- trill af-i t,-iK
veil . r r r jvi"'-"
1
4 TJR&OPS' -WITH
Jfcx:M HjiTiD jtslut JXEieia nsztt ,
J'UlTJXK OF 2TOSOCCO IK TLCZQF
June, when the heavy-headed, white,
red and pink peonies open to the sun-'
shine, until late September, when the
tall and stately dahlias stand guard
and gorgeous masses of golden glow la-;
cite the artist to pause and empty hlai
tubes of precious cadmium upon the;
canvas. ;
All this for the asking. "May I paantl
In the beautiful garden?" "Shall I be)
In the way upon the wharf?" Just a'
hint of courtesy is the open sesame, for'
the dwellers of Gloucester are courte-'
ous and kindly disposed towardithe
painter, unless he be a careless one'snd
leaves behind him his paint rags, which
the family cow takes as a perquisite
and which promptly causes her death;
or, should smudge of paint bo found on'
linen bleaching lu the sun, the smiles
of the welcome are no more and tho
inuoccnt must suffer with the guilty.,
A few modern studios there are, but
for the most part the artist must band
up his canvases In the old fish houses
on the village street; or, If he is very
fortunate, he may secure for an atelier
an old barn ,at the foot of a grassy
slope, bordering on the very edge of
the water, and long known as "The'
Steerage," a studio shop for a number
of years, and frequented by all visit
ors who wished quaint and artistic sou
venirs of Gloucester.
THE ART OF LOBBYING.
week, aud to get any work out of a
by Euseblus, lying to the right of the negro during that period would be Im
road from Jaffa to Jerusalem, about 20 possible.
Taa Story of a Shark.
While cruising among the South Sea
Islands thirty odd years ago In our
private yacht, the Haute Flyer, we
wero much annoyed by a large Irish
setter shark that persisted In following
the ship. During the night the shark
would often climb up on deck and tip
over tho garbage can. At one time
Henry Williams, a sailor before the
mast, was bitten en the leg by the
brifte. He aimed a kick at the shark,
who growled, showed his teeth and
sunk bis fangs In Wllllairs' limb be
fore leaping over the rail Into the sea,
One day the cook, annoyed at his
miles from the latter city, was a prob
ahla site of ancient Gezer. Blocks of
unhewn stone and piles of broken pot
tery marked the snot Here were found
by M. Cleruiont-Glanneau two Inscrip
tions on a rock; one containing me
name Alklus In Greek letters, the other
the words, 'The Pouudary of Gezer" In
the Hebrew character of the Maecabean
period.
Here was enough on which to, base
the belief already mentioned, but not
to Justify a feeling of certainty. The
agents of the Exploration Fund recent
ly excavated tho ground in question.
The results have been very remarkable.
r.ewr was a "High Place," a center
Keep a !! ' Gamblera.
The chiefs of police of the EuroiteaB
capitals have prepared a directory or
gamblers Index containing tne names
of the professional gamblers and card
sharpers of Europe. Ibis directory Is
In the form of a small lithographed
book and It has been placed with the
authorities of oil the principal cities
and resorts of Europe.
More than 1,000 names are contained
In the Index, among which are a num
ber of Ijlgh-soundlng titles, such as
prince, marquis and count. Rome of
these titles are known to be nctltlous.
while others are genuine.
Knch name Is accompanied with a
of heathen worship, such as the Jews I personal description and some biograph-
alarui clock which persisted In going
one year, nor more than $750 as n to- off frlou8l' nt 0,1 uours of tho n,Kut
t .n hf.n thn nrinri-Mil an.i int..-. threw the timepiece overboard. The
eat reach $1,000 Interest ceases, which
rule Induces the depositor to invest hU
$1,000 otherwise. Py the British sys
tem the empire In tho bank, with every
poetoffice a branch and all postmasters
agents. Through their (Ktstotllces the
people may Invest In national securi
ties. Insure their Uvea or buy govern
ment annuities.
The older leaders of tbo womau suf
frage movement lu the United States
had to suffer many serious disappoint
ments. In fact, after devoting their
Uvea to the cause, they , found that It
had made little progress, and to-day
Ida Husted Harper, writing for the
North American Ilevlew, declares that
tuoagb there has been the longest and
hardest struggle for It here the suc
cess of the effort bus been small. She
says that It does not tend "to stimu
late an American woman's national
pride to reflect that this may be the
last of civilized countries to grant
women a voice in their own govern
meut" And she adds: "Ui this fact
be remembered it Is the only one
where women have been left to Hht
this battle ulone, with no moral, fin un
cial or political suppoit froui the meu."
This rebuke comes after a review of
the fight for wouan suffrage through
out tlte world, from which we make
the following lbt of countries that
hjive ir,:uicil ti.e Cexaud fvr It hi
shark, always on hand for dainty tit
bits from the galley, took tho time of
day at ono gulp. For two days after
that we heard the clock going off In
a muffled way from the Interior of the
surprised shark, who was often seen
with one fin on his head and the other
on the pit of bis stomach, evidently
trjinu diagnose bis clock case.
Wo were standing on the stern of
the ship one evening watching the
shark, who was evidently feeling pret- '
ty sick. Suddenly the clock went off
on him, and the sailors, counting the
strokes, noticed that It struck twenty
three. When the shark heard this he
turned up and died before our eyes. .
Minneapolis Journal.
Literary Hem.
"They say very few authors sleep
more than seven hours a day."
"Put think how much slumber they,
furulsb other people"
Ixit a man practice industry, thrift,
temperance and dency, und ho cannot
very well ovoid being prosperous, If bo
keeps bis health. The unfortunate are
nearly always thoso who do not accept
the lessons of txpcrltivee. They lot
"agents" give them advice; nnd
"agents" always make a profit on ad
vice they give.
Money must lie tight wa ma lr
shy of loose chaugu.
were frequently commanded to destroy
The ordinary furniture of the Canaan
lte "High Place," or shrine, consisted
of an altar, near which stood a stone
pillar, the Mazzebah, nnd u sacred tree,
the Asherah probably connected with
tlie primitive practice of tree worship
and stone worship. "Asneran is ren
dered "groves" In the English Bible.
Architectural Itemalna.
. Among other things was found a cir
cular pit close to a shrine which has
provoked wide speculation. Within the
ult was brought to light n small bra.en
serpent like a cobra. ' This bus led to
tbo conjecture that the pit contained
wacred snakes and that the shrine of
Gezer was a parallel to the famous sa
cred resort of Cos.
The discovery of the Moabite stone
was made amidst the ruins of Dhtban
one of the vanished cities whose re
mains strew the lofty plains of Moab
beyoud the Jordan, now the camping
ground of the Bedouin Arab. This mon
ument is a slab or block of basalt, about
three and a half feet long by two feet
In breadth and thickness, bearing on
one side an Inscription tn Phoenician
character. The language closely re
sembles the Aramaic. Tho Inscription
Is supposed to belong to the ninth ce?-
tury before Christ. ' Tho tablet tells
its own tale. It Is a historical memo
rial, erected by Mcsha. King of Moab,
recounting bis wars with Omrl, King
of Israel : the capture of Ataroth, a
city of the Gadditcs. the slaughter of
tho men, the reservation of tho wouimi
and tho carrying away of the vessel
used in the worship of Yah veto. (Jeho
vah) as an offering to ('heniosh, the god
of that country. Tho Inscription fills a
gap In the account of the reign of King
Omrl given In the book of KJug-,
leal details. Iteference Is made to the
particular method and tricks employed
by ench, whether railway card snurp
ers, billiards, playing dark, false cards
card sharping with accomplices, etc.
The American traveler In Europe can
now acquaint himself with the names
of some of tho affable gentlemen who
delight In "showlug" visitors a good
time. Harper's Weekly.
Ilroucht to Term.
In the Drayton household It Is said
that the father of the family has a
way of presenting alternatives to his
children that never falls to bring them
Into line.
"I wish you would speak to Bobby,
said Mrs. Drayton one nigiit. I ve told
hlni to take his medicine and then Jump
luto bed, and he wont do It. lie Just
hops round, and says he doesn't want to
take the medicine ana lie uoesn i waui
to go to bod !"
Mr. Drayton stepped to the door of
Bobby's room, and stood there, tall,
grace and Impressive.
"Bobby," he said, firmly, "if you
don't take your medicine at once and
then Jump Into bed, you will bo put
to bed, do you bear me, put to bed.
without having your medicine at all!"
I'pon which Bobby, alarmed and con
fused, swallowed his alloted portion and
meekly retired for tho night.
Tlie I.ovrra.
First Friend I see Jack uud Molly
have made It up agalu. Why was the
engagement brokeu off?
ciond Friend They bad a quarrel
as to which loved the other the most.
How National l.ellator Can Be
Coaxed or Driven aa Demlred.
Lobbying Is like driving cows. There
are times when it Is best to say : "Suh,
boss I Come, bossy! Nice bossy!" and
to shake the peck measure Invitingly,
Bays Gllson Gardner lu Success. Aud
then tbere are other times when the
only thing to do Is to get behind nnd
holler and throw sticks Into tho ulr.
At heart Congressmen ro timid crea
tures, and a big noise Is often mistaken
by them for big danger.
It was the "big noise" method that
was adopted by the railway brother
hoods to "shoo' the Senate back from
passing an antl-pnss bill which would
cover railway employes aud their
families. A representative of the or
ganization who sat dally In tho re
served gallery sent out a telegram of
warning. The resionsc was spectacu
lar and historic. It Is knowu as the
"rain of telegrams." They began to
come early In the day. They confin
ued until dark, and the desk of every
Senator was piled with scores of per
sonal entreaties. All that night they
kept on coming. The Western Union
Company was swamped, und Superin
tendent Collins called ou Philadelphia
and Baltimore for operators. All that
night and the following day the tele
grams poured lu. It Is estimated that
tbere were no less than 10,000, and
the tolls on them amounted to $110,
000. And In the Senate Democrats
vied with Kepubllcaus for n chance to
get the floor and to offer an amend
ment exempting the noisy clasa It
was never Intended, they explained.
that railway employes should be made
to pay their fares, nor yet their faml
lies, nor railwuy lawyers, nor railway
doctors, nor their families; nor tho
sick, nor the Indigent, nor the home
less, nor any man looking for a Job In
the grain fields. And so the Senate
framed up that momentarily foolish
list of exceptions to an otherwise good
law.
HISTORY OF LEAD PENCILS.
clents Is also proved by the fuct that
it is mentioned In the book of Job.
During the year 10i5 there was a
description of the black lead pencil
written by Conrad Gesner. He says
that pieces of plumbago were fastened
In a wooden handle and a mixture of
fossil substance, sometimes covered
with wood, was used for writing and
drawing. About half a century later
a good account of this mineral was
given, and It was then used in Italy
for drawing and mixed with clay for
manufacturing crucibles. We are In
formed In Beckman's "History of In
ventions" that the pencils first used
In Italy for drawing were composed
of a mixture of lead and tin, nothing
more than pewter. This pencil was
called a stile. Michael Angelo mentions
this Btilo, and, In fact, it seems that
such peucils were long used In com
mon over the whole continent of Eu
rope. At this period the name plum
bago or graphite was not In use. but
nstead. the name molybdona or molyb-
dolds, which Is now applied to an en-
irely different material.
Graphite or block lead is formed In
the primary rocks. In the United States
t occurs In felspar and quartz. In
Great Britain In greenstone rock ond
enelss, and tn Norway In quartz. The
mine at Barrowdale, England, has sup
piled some of the finest black lead in
the world, but the quality varies,
owing to the Irregularity with which
the mineral occurs.
The Jews were for a while the only
manufacturers of pencils. It requires
great skill to perfect the manufacture,
according to the degree of hardnees or
softness required. Of recent years the
manufacture of pencils hns Increased
to such an extent that the price of
these articles has decreased propor
tionately. Graphite and pure clay are
combined nnd used In the manufacture
of artificial black lead pencils, and, on
the other hand, tho greatest perfection
Is attained In tho making of the higher
class pencils. Graphite Is exposed to
heat to acquire firmness aud brilliancy
of color. Su!phur Is also used to se
cure a more perfect color. Scientific
American.
Beea at Every Blan'a Door.
Bee hives on every front porch, giv
ing each family a supply ef dellcleus
honey close at hand, while at the same
Tho people whj hear disagreeable
things about their fi lends usually help
along by "talking" a little.
teed tn Primitive Form Back la
the Middle Asea.
It Is difficult to determine the exact
period In which "black lead" was first
utilized as an Instrument for writing
or drawing, as It baa been confused
with other mineral bodies to which It
bears no relation. The ancients used
lead, but the metal was formed luto
flat plates and the edges of these plates
used to make the mark. If an orua
menetal design was desired the trnn
scrlber drew parallel lines aud traced
their Illuminated dealgns, usually
with a bard point, but also with soft
lead. That lead was known to th an
Tha Foreat Spirit.
The editor was criticising the jioom
Just brought In oy the literary contrib
utor.
'You speak of the 'spirit of the for
est, " be said. "Do you think there U
such a thing as a forest spirit, as dis
tinguished from any other klud?"
"Yes, sir," fiercely responded the lit
erary contributor. "Didn't you ever
bear of such a thing as wood alcohol?1
Chicago Tribune.
When the members of a church can
say anything else complimentary about
their preacher, they say he la a "good
mlxtr."
me the bees will Inculcate theii lessoa
.... t , . .1..
or inuustry, are a possiuniiy iur uw a
Department of Agriculture has sue-jj'
ceeded In Importing from abroad what,
ay be termed a peacerui nee, ryoita
finds our fickle climate to its Uknig.
The newcomer Is known as the Can-j
caslan bee. The name Is derived from 1
Its native locality, and Is emphasized f
by habits of life which rank It dls-
tlnetly as the white man's bee. It Is
clvUizeS, dignified, and high toned. It L
rushes with reluctance into anything .
that smacks of warfare, having, la!1;
nlnro r.f the belligerent instincts of oth- ' :
ers of ifs class, a predisposition to ar- X
hltrntion.
It must not be Inferred, however,' )
that the Caucasian bas no stlas at alL.
7 -v a
Physically it is constituted muen asr
other bees and has an equal cnpaqkA, .L
for Inflicting a wound, but Its weapon
Is sheathed In peace and used only In
cases of extreme emergency. .
There Is a truly stlngless bee, which
Is a Latin-American, but which has a
strong Indisposition to work, and when
temporary fits of Industry seize It 1U-'
labors are done In a half-hearted son,
of way, nnd without plan er system.
It will follow no architectural plan In
storing honey, and all efforts to crosii
It with Its Caucasian relative havo
been unsuccessful.
W hr Safetr Matches Strike on Claaa,
There are two reasons why ordinar
safety matches can De struck oi
smooth glass. The head of the safetl'
match Is composed of a mixture f
sulphide of antimony, chlorate of pc
asslum and powdered glass. A eon
p.iratlvely small lncreaso of temper-
turd will cause this to ignite. No
g'ass Is tt bad conductor of heajf
tho rapid passago or tne mbm ?
over it raises iue u-iuin-iaiure f
substance sufficiently for that purpot,! 1
When the glass Is rough the frlctb;
crumbles away the loosely comblmL
mixture before the temperature rise
to the point of Ignition; hence, ;;vea
tUe composition of the match bead, the
two circumstances which answer tbe
question are the comparative smooth-'
tif-ss of tbe glass and its Impe aaCf ron
d-ictlvlty of heat. 7
IMcture Waa All Hltfht. '
Kathleen Well, mother, do you think
It a success? Is the palutlog like mtt j
Mother Yes, the portrait IsVixeel- f
lent; but no one would think that.drcsS,'
cost your poor father 50 guineas. Lo.
don Tattler. i
The longer we live, the more we ad
mire agreeable people, and the less wt,
thluk of a grouch.
I
I