GYROSCOPE jSIONOBAIL CAU DECLARED THE INVENTION OF TEE AGE.
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Opinions of Great Papers on Important Subjects.
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TUt MONORAU CAWL1AGS :r7Tr
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What Is calculated to revolutionize
railroad building making construction
one-tenth cheaper Is a new method
of locomotion, the Brennan monorail
system, exhibited by Its Inventor at the
Royal Society In London. Construc
tion will be cheapened because a wire
cable will serve as a bridge, and but
one track need be used.
POWEB OF PULLEYS.
"Ito niocka 'Will Enable s Man to
Lift Sixteen Hundred Pound.
If you were commanded to lift 1,000
pounds when your normal lifting
trength was equal to only 100 iwunds,
how would you go about It? How
would you Increase your strength slx
. teen times?
It can be done easily. Have you ever
Studied the effectlvencrs of pulleys; do
you know that the average man may
equal a Sampson simply by employing
a roue and a few pulley blocks?
As early as the slxtenth centnry
methods of augmenting power through
pulleys was demonstrated. Since then
this wonderful mechanical aid has
proved of vast benefit to man.
The man, then, who would rival the
(eats of Samson must call the humble
Vat powerful pulley to his aid.
Of course, he can do a great deal
with the lever, although he may not. as
Archimedes believed could be done,
loosen old Earth from her moorings.
Still, for an example of gradually but
powerfully augmented strength he
would turn to the pulley.
Suppose that by the use of two pul
leys you were able to lift 100 pounds
from the floor, and you wished to lift
Jwlce the weight. Were you to take a
double block and use It above one single
block, you could lift 200 pounds.
' By the use of two single pulleys the
load Is supported by only one rope; by
tho use of a double pulley, thus doub
ling the rope back on itself. Its lifting
power, as well as your own, Is In
creased. If you used two double pulleys, you
could Increase the lifting capacity to
800 pounds by doubling the lines
around the pulleys. In proportion to
the number of ropes supporting the
load you can Increase the weight.
To lift 400 pounds you would merely
bave to double your blocks. In draw-
DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATIXO
lng the rope a man pulls It In an oppo
site direction from the movement of
the weight Were you to get above the
pulleys and pull upward, the weight of
the rope however slight would tlgure
In the calculations.
No doubt you have often seen men
lifting great loads and Immense boxes
by means of pulleys and wondered how
it could be done.
In building, the pulley Is one of the
most valuable pieces of mechanism.
While looking at skyscrapers have you
not wondered how the great Iron beams
were lifted to the dizzy heights?
Here, again, the pulley has done al
most Incredible work.
Still another way of using pulleys Is
to Increase the numoer Instead of
doubling the winding capacity of single
blocks.
By using two pulleys you will lift,
possibly, 200 pounds, if you add anoth
er single pulley, you will be able to lift
400 pounds, twice the weight, without
xtra exertion.
By the use of four single pulleys you
could lift 800 pounds, and with five pul
leys 1,000 pounds.
Of course, the facility of lifting a
heavy weight and the ease of Increas
ing It depends Uxm the bearings of the
pulleys. It is luiHrtnnt that these be
delicately adjusted and well oiled.
From a purely mathematical stand
point the flue elements which enter Into
the facility of Increasing weight with
out the necessity of additional lifting
fore are numerous.
A great deal depends upon the elas
ticity of the rope. With a stiff rope you
would And much more difficulty In lift
ing a weight than with a flexible one.
Even the friction of the rope as It
jltdes over the pulleys must be taken
Into account
The use of pulleys was demonstrated
by Scvtna, a Dutch engineer and physl-
r.'t-a- r.v. ns. F.-.t. r.ft.r r.- a
itdlioWAL view ctf
SKETCHES OF NEW TRANSl'OHTATlOX
The cars balanre like bicycles. This
Is rendered possible by the use of the
clst, who was born In Bruges In 1548.
Philadelphia North American.
THE MULE WAS CURED.
Drop of Forty Feet Knded Ilia Stnli
bornesM. "It was twenty years ago when I
was In the building and contracting
business," said the man, with two
watch chains, "that I took a mule as
part payment of a debt. It was soon
reported to me from the lumber yard
that the animal was the meanest and
most cantankerous 'specimen of his
tribe. Hitched to a wugou no one could
do anything with him. If yelled at to
go he would back up and stand there
with his feet braced. We bothered with
him for a couple of weeks and then he
was labeled 'For Sale. Cheap.'
"It happened that at the time I was
building a chimney for n factory. When
we had' run the brickwork up forty feet
high we got out of material and had to
lay off for a few days. It was during
this interval that a little Irishman iu
my employ came to me one day and
asked :
s " 'Mr. Blank, do you want that mule
cured of his ways?"
"'If It can De done.'
" 'Give me leave and I will either
kill or cure him.'
" 'Go ahead.'
"What he did was to get help and
hoist that mule to a platform on top of
tho chimney. The animal made no ob
jections. When up there he gazed
uround as If he really enjoyed the land
scape. After about Ave, minutes the
Irishman calls to him:
" 'Gee-up with ye, ye lazy, good-for-nothing
son of a gun !'
"The mule laid his ears back and
commenced to retire his body to the
rear. When he had backed three feet
over he went Those on the ground
said he turned about six somersaults
before bo landed on his back on a soft
spot. He lay there a minute nnd then
THE POWER OK PULLEYS.
he got up and began to canter about
When bitched up to the wagon he want
ed to pull the whole load, and from
that date on he was the most Indus
trious nnd ambitious mule !n the State
of Ohio. We had to fairly hog of him
not to kill himself with hard work. I
don't know how It would work In other
cases, but If I was a poor man I'd go
Into the business of backing perverse
mules off the top of forty foot chim
neys. Ten dollars a mule, and no cure
no pay." Cincinnati Enquirer.
The Mfe Plant.
Visitors to Bermuda often bring bnck
to this country as a souveulr of their
trip the leuves of an Interesting plant
of the house leek family. It Is known
as the life plant, and when the leaves
begin to shrivel and fade they send
out little rboots which In turn hour
leuves that continue to grow and re
main fresh and green for mouths. Tho
leaves are about four Inches long, rich
green in color and of a smooth waxen
texture. If you take one of tho leaves
and pin It to the wall Indoors, It will
beglu to sprout within three or four
days, be It winter or summer. At first
the top iwrtlon of the leaf will begin
to wither and shrivel up, nnd this is
likely to continue until the upper half
has lost Us green color. Then tiny
white roots will sprout from the edges,
and In time diminutive green leuves
will appear on these. These little off
shoots will sometimes grow to be un
Inch long and contain several pulrs of
leaves. The limit of their existence
seems to depend upon the amount of
heat and light they cau obtain. St.
Louis Globe-Democrat
It Is so nurd to keep from figuring
things from one's own viewpoint The
man who never gives anyone a squar
deal otver expects one himself.
HOW TKt CAMPOS
MADt, To StAXO'
VBHICt - E AND PORTRAIT OF ITS IVEKTOR.
pyroseope. The enrs renin In erect on
the rail, owing to the presence in tho
CZARINA AND HEIR
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Russian terrorists, It Is stated, are making greater efforts than ever be
fore to carry out their plot to blow up the Czar's jwlace and kill tho royal
family. Dissolution of tho dunia has added to tlwir hatred. The latest pic
tures of the Czarina and the Czarevitch, who was bom Aug. 12, 1904, are
shown above. The heir to tho throne has four sisters, tho eldest 12 years
old.
YANKEE KINO IN AFRICA,
Ilolea Ov r a Settlement with a Pop
ulation of 400.
A New York capitalist who has re
cently returned from a trip to the Kon
go Free State, where he Is Interested
In the rubtmr business, told an Inter
esting story of his meeting with an
American exile In that far-away coun
try, who Is the "boss" of a small Kon
go settlement says the New York
Times. After describing a visit to
Buma, the capital of the Konko Free
State, be continued:
"With my party we took the steam
boat and started up the Kongo River
toward the center of Africa. The
scenery was never monotonous. Now
we come to lilgli, white cliffs, now to
low, Bandy shore. Here were found
heavy forests, whose edges ended ap
parently In the midstream, and there
the low bush, which only half hid
treacherous swamp land.
"Soon we reached a station on the
French sliore of the Kongo and landed
by way of a giant tree trunk In the
midst of a fuiry settlement. The first
thing to welcome us was a gorilla, who
turned three somersaults aud then ex
tended a hairy, long-nulled paw. At a
swinging gait the well-trained ape led
us over a barreu hillock to a little set
tlement culled Maar.
"The sight of the place I shall never
forget. We walked beneath an avenu
of carefully planted trees, snd arojml
us we saw signs of clvillaatlon not to
Is witnessed In any other corner of
(the world. Neither America nor Eu
rope can ever hope to produce such a
settlement. Orange trees, heavy with
fruit scented the cool air; a great
white fountain, half hidden by clouds
of fluttering doves, splashed lazlx In
an open square. All around were srla
rica, walled with wld-nieshed wire
aud filled with fluttering, chirping
fa.. .
car of two rapidly-revolving flywheels,
which, like the spinning top, resist be
ing moved out of their plane of mo
tion. Louts, Drennnn, who Is known ft'
the Inventor of n torpelo which the
British government bought for J5T0,
(XK), ht3 set up nn experimental rail
way In miniature, with cars large
enough for children to rid In. Rren
nan predicts that the future railway
carriage will bo much larger two or
three stories high, nud wide In pro
portion; that speeds will be from two
to throe times greater, and that acci
dents will bo almost Impossible.
The thought occurs that If the
gyroscope should stop gyrating that n
terrible disaster would occur to a
coach Inden with passengers. How
ever, the Inventor says that tho gyro
scojie will be rotating in a vacuum and
therefore will not run down for sev
eral hours after the power Is lost, so
tl'.ere would be plenty of time to seek
safety or muke repairs.
TO. RUSSIAN THRONE.
birds. Occasionally, Instead of birds,
we found monkeys, apes, a leopnrd or
a snuke.
"The settlement had a population of
some 400 Kongolese, and you can Judgo
of my surprise when I found that a
Yankee was the 'king of the settle
ment He said his name was Alexan
der Fisher. . Ie had made a collection
of the country's birds and animal life,
so that we could see them without trou
bling to hunt
The bungalow In which he lived was
clean, roomy and well furnished. The
well-uplwlstored furniture was comfort
able and dull moments were enlivened
by a flrst-rato graphophone and music
boxes.
"Mr. Fisher beamed with hospitable
Joy. He dined us and showed us all
over his settlement The place Is a
trading store. Fisher said that busi
ness was dull, but he did not sigh from
bis luxurious exile. He loved his birds
and ape aud live slink more than he
loved Yankeeland and his wish was to
be burled beneath the shadow of an
orange tree, facing the river, In tho
center of the open square of his little
kingdom.
"He told me he was born in Texas
forty-eight years ago. By a few re
marks which he dropped I Imagined ho
bad got Into some nerlous trouble In
Texas and fled the country. It's not
likely that Fisher Is his real name.
He was a man of fine physique and
appeared to be well educated. He had
complete control over his black sub
jects aud could speak their language
perfectly."
Foolina; the Ilea.
Yeast Any of your garden seeds uj
yet?
Crlnisonbeak No; It's been so cold
I gu&is our neighbor's hens haven't
got on to tho fact they're planted yttl
Youkers Statesman.
THE ART OF CONVERSATION.
I
aO people so greatly change?
D
ir5
versation a lost art? Was there a time
when everyone In society was gifted Ver
bally? One of the chapters of the revised
edition of "Manners and Social Usages" Is
deToted to "Society's Smull-talk," and con
tains the observation that while there are
persons who gain a reputation of being most agreeable
people, because they talk syuipathetleully to anyone with
whom they are brought Into Juxtaposition at a dinner or
other social function, "there are others, deficient in this
gift who can only say 'Really, 'Indeed' nnd 'Oh' people,"
the writer affirms, "are the despair of the dlnner-glver."
But these people do not constitute a new species. Lord
Edward Bulwer-Lytton, In one of his essuys, more than
half a centnry ago, complained that "Humming, hawing
and drawling are the three graces of our conversation."
To pre; re for talking, one must begin thinking. A
man or a woman who Is Interested In people. In events or
In books, should have no difficulty In finding subjects of
conversation or In making observations likely to be well
received. The best talkers naturally, are people of cul
ture, but culture may be acquired out of college as well
s In, The days of the French salons are gone never to
return. The habitues of the salons were men nnd women
picked for their brilliancy of mind and speech, or for
some other trait that made them Interesting In society.
But not all of them were equally gifted, some of
thera were better listeners than talkers. There
Is a refuge for the individual addicted to society,
but without hope of succeeding as a talker let him lis
ten sympathetically to others who talk, and he will not
lack appreciation. Milwaukee Wisconsin.
PLAIN SENSE FOR AUTOMOBILISTS.
1 110 nutnmnhlle Ik not irolnc to he romilnfnd
I by persecution.'. It has
1 I may be largely used for
uui us ii, u-wciii viiiue is iiiuuuesi miti in
sures Its iHTinaneiico. When n business
man can cover twenty to thirty miles In an
hour or two und do In that time work that
It would take him a day to do with a horse and buggy,
It Is Just as Idle to attempt to suppress that advontage
by legislation us to attempt to suppress the Introduction
of railways or any other labor-saving device. Tho more
reasonable the law and by that we do not mean the
more lenient, but the greater the liberty allowed consist
ent with the rights of the rest of tho community tho
more satisfactory will be the results to the non-automo-blling
portion of the community. An excessively high
speed ought not to be tolerated where It endangers any one
but tho occupants of the automobile; but what consti
tutes a high speed ought not to measured by the per
formance of some broken-down cart horse.
On the other hand any automoblllst who habitually
end unnecessarily puts in jeopardy the lives of others,
who ruus at high spoked over narrow roads whero the
shying of a startled horse may cause an upset, who
dushes through crowded thoroughfares or past cross
streets where tho approach of another vehicle Is ob
scured, ought not only to be dealt wltn by the courts
much more severely than is. customary, but to be made
to feel that he Is an outlaw among representative auto
ooblllsts. An enlightened selfishness dictates such a
course no matter how disagreeable It may be; for the
conduct of those automohlllsts wlio do offend Is so out
rageous and so Inexcusable that unless It is clearly dem
"In the early part of one September,
I announced among the Apaches that
my daughter, Eva, having attained wo
manhood, should put away childish
things and assume her station as a
young lady," says Geronlmo, tho fa
mous old war chief of tho Apaches, In
the story of his life. At a dance of the
tribe Bhe would make her debut, and
then, or thereafter, It would bo proper
for a warrior to seek her hand In mar
riage. Accordingly invitations were issued
to ail Apaches and ninny Coninnches
and Klowas to assemble for a grand
dance on the green by the south bank
of Medicine Creek, near the village of
Nalche, former chief of the Chokonen
Apaches, on the first night of the full
moon in September. The festivities
were to continue to two days and
nights. Nothing was omitted in tho
preparations that would contribute to
the enjoyment of the guests or the per
fection of the observance of the relig
ious rites.
To make ready for the dancing, the
grass on a large circular' space was
closely cut When the night came the
singing was led by Chief Nalche; and
Geronlmo, assisted by his 'medicine
men, directed tho dance.
First Eva advanced from among the
women and danced once ronnd the
camp-fire; then, accompanied by an
other young woman, she again ad
vanced and danced three times round
the camp-fire; the next time she and
three other young ladles advanced and
danced four times round the camp
fire. This ceremony lasted about an
hour.
Next, tte niedlclne-men entered.
stripped to the waist their bodies
painted fantastically, and danced tho
sacred dances. They were followed by
clown dancors, who amused tho audi
ence greatly.
Tlwn the members of the tribe Join
d hands and danced In a circle round
the camp-fire for a long time. All the
friends of the tribe were asked to take
part In this dance, and when It was
ended many of the old people retired
and the "lovers' dance" began."
The warriors stood In the middle of
the circle, and the ludles, two and two,
danced forward and designated some
warrior to dance with them. The danc
ing was back and forth on a line from
the center to the outer edge of the clr
de. Ths warrior faced the two ladles,
and when they danced forward to the
center be danced backward ; when they
danced backward to the outer edge he
followed, facing them.
This lasted two or three hours, and
then the music changed. Immediate
ly the warriors assembled agala in the
center of the circle, aud this time each
woman selected a warrior as a part
ner. The manner of dancing was as
before, only two Instead of three
danced together.
During this daxi:e, which continued
Is sprightly con
fields
alone;
come to May. It
pleasure Just now,
Alinr.T
until daylight the warrior, If dancing
with a maiden, could propose . mar
riage; and If the maiden agreed, he
would consult her father soon after
ward and make a bargain for her.
Upon all such occasions as this,
when a dance is finished, each war
rior gives a present to the lady who
selected him for a partner and danced
with htm. If she Is satisfied with tho
present, he says good-by. If not, tho
matter Is referred to some medicine
man or chief, who determines the ques
tion of what is a proper gift. For a
married women the value of the nres-
ent should bo Two or three dollars ; for
a maiden the present should have a
value of not less than five dollars.
Often, however, the maiden receives a
very valuable present.
During this "lovers' dance" the med
icine men mingle with the dancers and
keep off the "evil spirits."
WIVES WHO LIVE IN FEAR.
If Tbelr llaaband Arn Enajlneera
Tber Are Alvrara I'neaajr.
When railroad wrecks occur the fire
man may Jump, but tho engineer, if he
Is faithful to his trust must stay by
the throttle. To do this means death
In many cases. No one knows this better
than tho engineer's wlfo. The engine
men say that they become indifferent
to danger and lose all dread of aeci
dents and death. Tbelr wives, h
seems, are the ones who live most
fear.
Is
Engineers' wives are not happy-
-If
of
they love their bushauds. Many
them will admit that a shadow rests
on their lives if you ask them In con
fidence. Their husbands, perhaps, do
not know it
"I do not care to make my husband
miserable, what little time he Is at
home, complaining of his profession,"
said an engineer's wife. "I never knew
of an engineer quitting the business for
his wife or anyone else but once. I
heard of a man who gave up the road
at tho solicitation of bis sweetheart.
But after they bad been married a few
years he went back and was killed In
a wreck."
"My husband has been un engineer
on a fast mall train for nearly thirty
years," said a woman with an unhap
py race. "1 nave round mat ucing an
engineer's wife la kind of semi-widow
hood. The only time that I am abso
lutely sure that I am not a widow Is
the two or three days out of eucli week
that my husband Is at home.
"When we were first married he ran
a switch engine lu the yards and was
at home every day. There wasn't so
much danger of accidents in that.
hoped that be would always run one
of these busy little engines with
headlight on both ends.
"But my husband was ambitious like
other engineers. He was not satisfied
wKh work In the yards. I shall never
forget the day that be came home and
told that be bad been promoted to the
road. He seemed very much pleased.
I bid niy feelings and made an effort
to anare bit pleasure with him. lie
onstrated that automobllists as a class will not protect
tho offenders the demand for restrictive legislation will .
become even more g-ntrsl the (t has been. The autlst
needs to exercise comu.cn sense as well as the authorl.
ties. St Taul Pioneer Press.
THE COST OF WAR.
VERY century lives are wasted In war at
J I the rate of 20,000,000 In Europe. alone an
P I average of 2C0.000 every year. Two and a
W I i.ij i m Aii Am c l.wi.
during the first half of last century
and this slaughter cost Europe tho
colossal sum of $15,830,000,000. Each victim
cost $2,(100 to kill.
In the Boer war each Boer killed cost England $25,000
The dally expense of the Russo-Japanese war amounted
to more than $1,000,000 every day on the Japanese side;
while the Russians had to foot a bill for $2,500,000 every
day and this for a period of eighteen months! Nor
try to figure out what this war cost Russia and Japan.
To the actual cost of carrying on war must be added
the ex;ense of preparation. The greater European na
tions every year spend many hundreds of millions of dol-;
lars each, preparing for war. It costs $5,000,000 to build
a modern battleship. A hundred-ton cannon costs $75,
000 a single discharge of these monsters burns up
$1,500, and they can be discharged only a few hundred
times, then they are worn out
Is this not an insane waste of both human lives and
money? Why do nations go to war, anyway? Because
of Jealousy, mostly. The great commercial nations, es
pecially, are mutually distrustful, always afraid that the
other will gain greater wealth and territory. Japan is
looking with Jealousy upon America, since we have ter
ritory (the Philippines) near Its doors. England Is Jeal
ous of Russia. Germany and France are always ready to
fight should one or the other extend Its Influence In
Africa. Illustrated Home Journal.
THOUSANDS FIGHT AND TRIUMPH.
A dnT nnnnoa that ttm nnwinsiupt
HI of tills city do not report one or more sul
I cldes or attempts at suicide. In tho vast
majority or cases "despondency is given
as the cause. That one word eloquently
sums up tho story
But all the despondency that triumphs la
this way over the weakness of the few Is Infinitesimal
compared with that which is dominated and beat down
by brave hearts every day of the year. Those who want
to take their own lives have no monopoly of this feeling.
Thousands and thousands of men feel It come over 'them
at times. The causes of It are Infinite. But they do not
yield to It because they conot afford to. The husband
with a wife and children to provide for bravely puts It
aside for their sake and his own. The woman whoso
life is of ton a mere mechanical routine fights It down
that those whom she loves may ot be Infected with her
cheerlessness. , . '
These are the' si lent wars of which we do not read la
the newspapers, but In which men and women reach the.
supreme heights of heroism. The other kind of war
has more of noise and pageant and music. But In real
grandeur It cannot compare with the victory of a single
human soul over the weakness that leads to despon
dency or the despondency that ends In death. Chicago
Examlnep.
ran a freight engine for a few years.;
Then he was advanced to a fast pas
senger engine."
The woman stopped talking for a mo
ment and looked at the clock.
"It's 8 o'clock now ; let's see. ne la
near tho town of L now. A few
miles this side of the place Is a bridge
across a river. I am always afraid
of that bridge during high water."
She said that sho bad learned her
husband's schedule by heart Every
hour of the day she knows Just where
his train should be at that time. She
has been over his run many times and
know the location of every bridge,!
every high embankment and every dan
gerous curve.
"The life of an engineer's wife is
made up of many sad farewells. Each
time that I see my husband leave it is
with the thought that this may be his
last trip. I believe that I owe my
gray hairs to those hundreds of times'
that I have had to say good-by." Kan
sas City Star. - ,
Pa'a Honaecleanln'.
When the April sun's a-shlnin' hot an
things is nice and frejin.
When the wlllrr'a droppin' tossels an
the blackbird s in the bresb.
An' pa comes in for noonln' an' the
floors Is wet as souse,'
Thca It's "Laws-a-massy on usl Your
ma's a -clean In' bouse."
Then me an' Jim is aura to find rag car
pets in the aun
When we'd planned to go i-fiahln' fer.
the suckers in the run :
But while pa takes his noonln' an' the.
bosses eat tbeir snacks.
Us boys can beat them carpets while
we re restln' up our backs.
I
An then next day pa'a certain sure t
have to go to town ;
But be always loaves ua orders, "Help to
put them carpets down.
An' at night, when he gets noma again.
you d think, to hear him groan
About the hardship of it, that he'd done
the Job alone.
Poor ma! She haa it awful hard, she'll
work uutil she drops,
Ad' pound her thumb nails half way off,
an' wet her feet with alopa:
She'll get so hoarse that she can't speak,
an' sore at every bone;
But pa, be aay if it was him he'd let
the house alone.
Ad' when that night the kida la aick an
baa to have a drink,
An' ma she can't get up because her
back's in such a kink,
It pa should bang the furniture whilst
gropln' far a cup.
You cau feel him gnttin' mad enough to
fairly eat her up.
So me an' Jim waa saylo', if the time
should ever come
When pa en' ma abould change their
work an' pa should stay to hum,
I wouldn't like to be a boy, but Jest a,
little mouse
To hear what thlnga pa would say U he
waa cleanln' house. I
Womau'a Home Companion,
Being a True Sport isn't much of
nconunendaUou In any other line. '