TIIAW TRIAL BEGINS.
THE OREAt OHIO VALLEY FLOOD
The Ohio basin embraces on area of 1!0 1,700 square
miles, or 10 per cent of the (Trent Mississippi Valley.
The valley Is divided Into Ave divisions, of which tlie
Ohio and ItH trtbulnrlPH lire senond only to the Missouri
twain, and Include a watershed of .'!5,000 square miles
more than that of the Mississippi Itself alove the Mis
souri River.
Waters from fourteen States find their way to the
Oulf of Mexico through the channel of the Ohio great
drainage system. It stretches as far northeast as New
Tork and an far south as le "ila, Alabama and Mis
sissippi. At no point on the Ohio or the Mississippi In what Is
HUNDREDS DIE IN WRECK.
-, ro.t1 of the Vailed Hint Fare
rerll of Itallwar Disasters.
The people of the United States hare
"new peril" to try their nerve and
wrench their hearts. It is a peril of tlio
new twentieth century the peril of rail
road travel.
Approximately fi0 passengers have
' been killed in the last few months in the
most appalling aeries of railroad acci
dent the. country, It is charged, ha ever
. known, brought about by the desperate
eCcrta of the railroad eompanfc-s to make
more money. It has not been a question
of signals and switches and regulations:
it has been a question of hurrying tra'ns
through the ilyer, the fast freight of
gelling from ono end of the line to the
other, so that they ran be started back
ngain. Railroad employes have admitted
on the stand that they disregarded signals
-that they had to, to mako schedules.
Twenty years ago persons traveled on
railroad trains with comparative sfety.
There were some accidents, but few men
dreaded a trip by mil. Even ten years
ago the peril was not great. In 18!7 oidy
222 passengers were killed. Hut look at
the last four, months ! A total of WH)
human beings, passengers on trains in
the United States, were torn and man
Hied, scalded and burned to death in
railroad wrecks 22.) per cent more
-deaths in four months tlmu in the whole
of 1807.
The slaughter of the toll of 1!K)7 began
with torriblo mortality. The railroads
are overworked, overcrowded and over
capitalized. 1'arnings that should be de
voted to improving and rep.onlshing the
equipment and pitying for a better class of
labor are diverted to dividends to keep
up the value of watered stocks
The accompanying tnble gives the worst
f t lie recent railroad disasters. There
were many more the country over where
the casualties were One, two, or three.
In-
Date Killed. Jored
Nov. 12 Wooilrlllo. Intl.. Unit!-
mora & Ohio, collision.. 61 HO
dept. 18 Dover, Okla., Hork Isl
and, passenger train,
through bridge S3
Oct. 28 Atlantic City, N. J.,
Wm .Tnrnfv Jk Rpaithora
Electric, open draw.... 03 18
Hot. 20 Lawyers, Va., Hnuthern
Hallway, Sum'l Npencer,
President of Southern,
among victims T
Dec. 8 Danville, Va., Southern
Hallway, pssnger and
freight coIIIhIou 5
tc. 11 Vergennea, Vt., Rutland
Hallway, passenger ami
freight, collision 0
Iec. 23--iOndeilln, N. P., Milwau
kee & Kt. Paul and Hie.
Mario, collision 10 97
Is. 80 Terra Cotta. D. ('.. Ila-
tlmoro & Ohio, collision. 53 00
Jn 9Vnllnnil Kan.. Itork Isl
and, collision 33 (15
Jan. 13 iturnpy. N. M. nock
Inland, open switch.... 5 8
Jan. 15 Wuldron. Mo., Hock Isl
and, collision 8
Jan. 19 Ohspo. Minn., Ilreat
Northern, rails spread., 8
Jan. 10 Kowlrr. hid., ltlit l'our.
colliHloD 24 10
Ian. 10 Handford. tnd..I!lir Four.
powder explosion 40 25
8WETTENHAM QUITS POST.
Jamaica Governor Also Apologises
for Letter to Davis.
In London Friday it was announced on
unquestionable authority that Gov. Swot
teuhain had eeut au apology for his letter
to Admiral Da via to
the colonial secre
tary, by whom It
w a a transmitted
through the foreign
secretary to the
State Department at
Washington. and
that Gov. Swetten
ham bad also placed
hia resignation in
the hands of the co
lonial secretary.
It has been freely
gov. bwbtteniiau. atated tlie Rritisn
colonial and other government ollices that
It was quite impossiblo for Sweltenham
to .-otitlnue in office not only because of
the incident involving the withdrawal of
the American warships from Kingston hot
also on account of the protests against
hia conduct received from the inhabitants
from Kingston.
All Aroond tUa Oloba.
The Japanese budget for the next fiscal
rear, which the government expects to
vrccut coon, provides an expenditure of
611,000,000 yen (about 303,000,000).
The control of fhe New Orleans Item
n afternoon daily for the past thirty
years, baa passed to the bands of J. N
Thompson, former publisher of the Nor-
fo! (Va.) Dispatch.
Tae sentence of W. C. Anderson, the
,ubeMling teller of the First National
tank of Kansas City, waa reduced by
Judge Wofford from four yean U two
fears and nine month.
Known as the "danger line" a high as at Cincinnati,
where no great Impediment to transortatlon or Incon
venience to resident Is occasioned until the 50-foot
stage Is reached. At othor jsilnts the danger line varies
from 22 feet at Pittsburg to 4." at Cairo, 111., and Vlcks
burg. Miss., to Hi feet at New Orleans.
Although the highest known stage at Cincinnati in 71
feet Inch In 1S.S4, the M Mississippi and Missouri
floods of RHffl forced the water to a height of 82 feet
at Arkansas City, Ark., W feet at New Orleans and 100
foot at Melville, Jjoulslana.
The shaded portion of the center of the map indicate
the flooded region.
fjjg anajaxssasMasanmrnssananaiaMi
'mk --a c 'Win"
llw-i W- m im
pJm - J ill
itil HV)is 5 v kilt's yMr
nsiiaaaaiM i iimii -
CANAL BID IS HELD UP.
I'nleaa (Hirer (eta Partner lulled
Slatra M it y 1 the Work.
The bid of Oliver & Hangs to complete
the -Hiustructiun of the Panama canal for
0.73 per cent of tlie cost has been rejected
so f'ir as Anson M. Rang of New York
Is concerned. Rut If Mr, Oliver can
eiiter into a satisfactory iirrangetueut
with some other contractor, who is linanv
dully responsible, ho will be given the
contract, it Is said.
Some of the Washington correspondents
seem to think that the government will
build the canal Itself without subletting
any portion of tho work to contractors.
While doubt was expressed as to the ad
visability of pursuing the contract plan
any further, It was virtually decided to
advertise again for bids, although not in
the belief that any of them would prove
acceptable. The chief purpose in rend-
vertising Is to afford Mr. Oliver an op
portunity to enlist new liiiauclal backing
and submit another bid.
W. J, Oliver of Tennessee and the
wilderness, is t lie largest employer of
negro labor' In the world. Ho has forty
contracts now on hand, which Include tun
neling Lookout mountain, damming the
Tennessee river and thrusting railroads
through Louisiana cypress swamps. If
his hid Is successful he will go down to
Panama with an npuy of 5,000 southern
negroes who have long heeu in his employ,
organised like uu army, with a trained
supeiinteiideut at the head of each di
vision.
It wns Intimated that Mr. Oliver might
arrange to co-operate with McArthur &
Gillespie. It is known that the linnuelal
credentials submitted by Mr. Oliver and
the McArthur syndicate have been found
satisfactory, and the statement is made
that a compromise proposal will be con
sidered, provided Oliver succeeds In mak
ing a satisfactory arrangement with Mc
Arthur & Gillespie. The Oliver & Rangs
Lid was tl.7. per cent, while tho McAr-thur-Gillcspie
bid was 12.50 per cent.
Knrelun t'ouiiueree Convention.
The lirst untioual convention for the
extension of foreign commerce of the
I'uited States was in ucasion three daya
at Washington. . Every State in the
l'n ion was represented, aud the move
ment was started by the New Y.-k board
of trade and transiMirtatlou. The tariff,
ship subsidy nnd other ierfinent plutis
were discussed, and addresses were made
by Secretary Root and tho President.
Filipino Kranehlae Falla.
The report of the Filipluo commission
for the last fiscal year saya that peace
aud order prevail except in Samar and
lyle. I'uder a limited franchise the na
tives have elected governors in twenty
nine of the thirty-eight provinces. It ap
pears that these electioua, though orderly
in form, w ere attended with much ex
citement, aud many had to be protested
and annulled because of fraud, intimida
tion and bribery. Gov. Gen. Ide says
that if there has been error it has been
in the granting of a larger measure of
self-government than tht natives were
prepared for.
mii i rr" -' 7?ir I
SHEA CASE WAS COSTLY.
DUuitreeiiient of TO,000 Jorr Majr
Knit Prosecution.
It is claimed in Chicago that prepara
tions for a new trial in the Shea con
spiracy case will begin at once. The
$70,IHM jury in the celebrated case failed
to reach an agreement nnd was discharged
after deliberating for fifty-four hours,
with the ballot 7 to 5 for acquittal.
The defendants, while claiming they are
anxious for a new trial, do not believe
tlie case will ever be prosecuted by the
Stato because of the greut expense to
rijrve;
WlMStisk' (
which the county has been put already
and to the difficulty in securing another
jury.
KAISER A VICTOR.
t'oloulal roller of Natloaal Bstaa
alon Indorsed.
Emperor William's policy of colonial
extension aud national growth won
sweeping victory in the general election
of members of the new Reichstag at Ror-
1 in. The radicals, the conservatives and
the national lils-ruls who voted for the
government's measure when tho Reichstag
was dissolved lec. 13, r.SXI, materially
increased their representation at the ex
pense of the socialists and the clericals,
1 he socialists will lose seventeen or
eighteen seats.
The result Is a complete justification of
the colonial policy advocated by Chancel
lor Von Rulow aud 1 1 err lleruburg. The
chancellor's apiwal to Gorman patriotism
was answered by an avalanche of vote
which approves of the expenditure ot auf
flcleut sums of money and ot the uh of
euough soldiers to maintain the nation's
position In world politics.
Major Charles R. Krauthoff of the sub
nlktence department, U. 8. A., baa been
authorised by the American National Red
Cicsa Society to purchase 000,000 pound
of flour to be used in China amonj the
famine suOorera.
fj j -..la .Jvi
.:
IV
4
t. fnr.x
j WORK OF ?
j I CONGRESS j
The Senate Tuesday passed the com
promise Koraker resolution authorialnfl
I lio Committee on Militnry AITuirs to In
vestlgate the fncts of the affray at
Hrownsville without questioning the le
gality or justice of nny art of the Presi
dent in relation ther Mo. Several substi
tute measures were voted down. One by
Stnator Mallory, declaring that the I'res-
Idint had authority for his course, was
tabled by a vote of 4.1 to 22. .Another,
hv Senator MeCumher. sim)ly providing
for an Investigation with referenee'to the
President, was tabled by a viva voce
vote. A third, by senator I uiurrson, sim
ply indorsing the President's nction and
pioviding for no investigation, was tnUleri
hv a roll call vote of 4i to Senator
Si:tiierliind oc-upied tho first three hours
with a speech defnnding the ri;;ht of Kr":l
Siniiot to a pent in the Senate, 1 li"
Itrownsville ilebnte then followed. The
House unused the diplomatic and consular
appropriation hill, which carries over $ ',
I M M , MM , and the military academy appro
priation bill, carryiug fl.Plo.tS.'t. Dorin?
the consideration of tlie diplomatic bill,
speeches were undo by Representative
Sherley of Kentucky on the "treaty-mak
ing power;" Representative Slnyden ot
Texas, who urged a more liberal recog
nition ot the South in diplomatic appoint
ments. The Senate Wednesday accepted tht
House j.roposition to increase the salaries " t"-r - "
of Senators, members and territorial dele- on an opaque sheet of glass, but the
gates to ST..") annually, und those of curious had waited hours to see tlint
the Vice President, Speaker of the IIo-.Hfl shadow and they were satisfied,
and cabinet memiiers to $12.HH). by aj Thaw came to his trial -for the mur-
voM of WJ to 21. Amendments confining jer of Stanford White on the roof of
the Increase to cabinet officers mid tho Ma(1son square Garden on the night
priding officers of the Senate and House . rf June lni)Iif)nnIrc
.MSidrrosevel't S Prisoner believed that White was seek
his views in advocacy of ship subsidy in ing to separate him from his wife, the
a special message. Senator P.everi.lge beautiful Evelyn Nesbtt Thaw, the art
began an extended address in support of 1st model. Emotional Insanity Is tho
his pending bill prohibiting interstate defense offered to save the young Titts
coinmerce in articles the product of child bur(? youtu from the eot.tl.(. (.ll!llr
labor. An nrgut deficiency aPPKWia- WheB Just,eo ntzgipnld took hIs
The pension" a ropHaUon' biU afforded
v. (.poitunity for .speeches by Mr .
Ilnyes of California favoring tlie exclu
sion of Japanese coolies: by Mr. Gros
venor of Ohio on the tariff and by Mr.
Crumpncker of Indiana and Mr. Taylor
of Ohio on pension legislation. Without
reaching the pension appropriation bil'
tinder the five-minute rule, I lit? House ad
jouined.
The Senate, upon assembling 1 liars
day, was notified of the suddon death of
Senator Russell A. Alger of Michigan,
and after passiug appropriate resolutions
a mark of respect, immediately ad
journed. Tho House passed the pension
appropriation bill, currying a total of
$1:58.000.000. An amendment ottered n.v
Mr. Dnlzell restoring the number of pen
sion agencies to eighteen wns defeated
bv a vote of ."S to 114, anil one by (tar-
diner of Michigan to abolish all agencies
nnd centralize the payment of pensions
In Washington was adopted without, a di-
ision. A message from tlie President
Was read relative to insurance, nnd at
2 :.'!0. out ot respect to the memory of
the late Senator Alger of Michigan, th.
House adjourned.
Resolutions to check naval officers from
'lighting a tire under senators and mem
bers to compel the enactment of the naval
ptrsonnel bill at this session were pre
sented in the Senate Friday by Senator
Utile. The urgent deficiency appropria
tion bill, willi an amendment granting n
loan of $1,000,000 to the Jamestown
exposition, was passed. Pension bills wen
thin discussed. The Mouse passed a
number of bills of a local nature, includ
ing' :t private pension bills. 1 lie agri
cultural appropriation bill va then taken
up, and Representative Kami ot I alifor
nin addressed tlie House on fire insur
time companies and their relation to the
San Francisco earthquake. 1 lie ques
tion of tlie free seed distribution occupied
he remainder of tho day.
Tlie Senate was in session only for a
little more than an hour Saturday, tho
early adjournment being tnkeii to permit
attendance on the. itinera i oi uie m --
ator Alger. A tew tuns i iihi" miii'-
.,!,... u-i.re oassed. and Senator Hales res
nlotu.ii fur an inquiry into the personal
i..i.....u ..iiinlfnsteil bv naval olncers in
Hi. nnvv nersonnel bill was referred I-:
tl.a I 'onini tlee oil .MlVlll .VI1U11S. i
1 lease spent the greater part ot tno on.,
debating the agricultural appropriation
bill Action on tlie question of tlie live
.i:. .. si.... ,.f ,b. bv a vote of il to
II!) v.ns postponed until .Monday. 1 no
Seiuite bill incorporating lite iuteruatioii-
ii I Sundav School Ass.s-littioil or .im-r-
icl was passed. . 1 He liver ami imi
il; was reported.
. N.ll..iuil tupltal Note.
Tho President nominated Richard A
i:lltii..er of Seattle, Wash., ti be com
missioner of the. general land ollice, to
M.,.....,l W. A. Richards, who is lo retire
March 1.
The bill appropriating $1,000,000 as a
loan to the Jauieslowu exposition wast
added as a rider to the urgent deficiency
bill by liie Senate appropriations com
mittee.
Petitions from the. National Easiness
League of Chicago protesting against tho
Lotiue bill carrying amendmeuts to the
consular relorm act, and asking a revision
,..,,1 nf certain parts of the land
laws were presented to tlie Senate by
.senator Cullotu.
w w w..ml-otlichillv announced that
ItrU. Oon. William S. McCaskey, com
.minding the department of Texas, will
lit 11 is. muted to the grade of major gen-
oral on the statutory retirement on April
it of Major Gen. James I', atle, com
niandiug the Atlantic division at
York.
New
A is'litioii for a writ of certiorari wan
i.Heived bv the clerk of the Supreme
Court in the case of Edward Ij. Flick
in-er. und'-r sentence in Ohio to seven
years' tiupt isoumeirt on tho charge of coa-K-M-iiii
to wreck the Gallon National
bflnk.
R. J. Psrtello, confidential ageut of the
Ti.wiMiit-v lleiairtment at Uerlin. tier
many, will he retired Feb. 1 "for the
.,! of the service." It is understood
Secretary Sha.v believes Mr. Partello get
his name in the uewspaMrs too orien,
Tim President and Mrs. Roosevelt en
im-ImhhhI ut a diuuer and musicule iu
honor of the Secretary of Commerce and
l-.hor and Mrs. Straus. Other guest in
r uded Assistant Seere:ary of War and
Mrs. Oliver, Assistant Secretary of the
Nnvv and Mrs. Newberry, lien, and Mrs.
J. Frankliu Roll, Representative and
Mrs. Nicholas Long worth, Mr. and Mrs.
William E. Curtis and Mr. and Mrs.
MILLIONAIRE CHARGED WITH
MURDERING WHITE.
Oaa of the Most Remarkable Trials
la the Crlmtaal Hlstorr of New
York Rennlt Watched far Kot.
bias la Two Continents.
The great Thaw trial Is on In New
York. The fight to save Hapr Ken
dall Thaw from death In the fleet rlc
chair for the alaylng of Architect Stan
ford White began Wednesday morning
before Justice Fitzgerald. The drawing
of the Jury to try the young rittsburg
millionaire, began with the opening of
court,
ljmg before the hour Ret for the
trial, rowds flocked to the Crltmiml
Court! building and filled the rotunda.
An hour before the trial bepan the
crowd wns driven Into the street ntid
every entrance guarded by police. Only
talesmen and reporters were allowed to
enter tlie courtroom. The trial over
shndowed the Molinemix anil Patrick
trials. Over 200 newspaper men made
application for admission to report the
trial. No spectators were allowed in
the trial room. There were correspond
ents from Purls, I.ondnn and Rcrlin
and on the lower lloor of the building
cable and telegraph oilices were In
Stalled. Outside, crowds waited to p.-t n
glimpse of tlie prisoner ns he pu-isnl
- .,, .,
-at I. court and Harry Thaw had been
brought from the prisoners' pen to his
seat beside the counsel table, a trial
was begun that will remain perhaps
forever on the pages of criminal his
tory In New York without a parallel.
All tho elements of n tragedy are
woven In the warrj and woof of his
case. All the characters of tho stage
world and of the g:iy Eohemiii of a
great city; a titled sister, n countess;
SCENE III THE COURT ROOM WHEN EARRY K. THAW
In the foreground is shown D. M. Dclnins, the lawyer engaged to save the life of Stanford White's slayer; sitting
facing him is District Attorney Jerome; to the rear of Mr. Delinas and a little to his left is the defendant; back of
him sits his mother; at her left is her daughter, the Countess of Yarmouth, who came from England to aid her brother;
on her right is Evelyn Neshit Thaw, wife of the defendant, whose beauty incited the enmity of the two men that led to
the shooting in Madison Square Garden.
n beautiful model known all over tlie
world; a famous architect whoso love
of youth and beauty brought him vio
lent death, ami n youthful spendthrift
IIARIIY K. TIIAW.
millionaire play leading parts in this
trage-Jr that had for its ending the
snooting of Stanford White by Hurry
Thaw on the crowded nuil gaily-lighted
roof of Madison Square Garden. No
mystery veils this remarkable case.
Thaw killed his man where all might
see, and held the smoking revolver In
bis band until an otflivr took him by
the arm.
In the Thaw party were Mrs. Wil
liam Thaw, mother of Hurry Thaw;
f Mrs. Evelyn Nesblt Thaw, the artist-
model wife; the Countess of Yarmouth,
the titled sister of tnt defendant ; Mrs.
George Carnegie, a sister ot Thaw, and
Miss May McKenrle, a chorus girl
friend ot Evelyn Ntwblt Thaw. The
party was accompanied by Edward
Tbaw, a brother of Thaw, and George
Ctrnejrte.
i
pi pM
I a ' v" fife)
ri'rt , :;.;0s i I
- Js&r-A ' ' t Van?) -
Sis " "ft V
EVELYN NESRIT TIIAW.
SHONTS QUITS CANAL POST. H'r-mHm , ,
1rJirzrnX ot xew Work op many I r
Theodore P. Sbonts, chairman of the J " aTATF I Ffill A fl IDFT
Isthmian canal commission, has resigned LLUlOL1 LKLo J
to become president cf the Interborough- T T
, Metropolitan Com-
pany of New York,
vice August Rel
mont. Sbonts is to
get $50,000 a year.
It was learned
authoritatively that
headquarters will be
removed from Wash
ington to the isth
mus and t hat a
high-f.alaried chair
man to serve in that
cispacity alone will
not bo named. This
TIIKO. P. SHONTS.
being admitted, it follows that John F.
Stevens, the engineer in charge of the
construction of the canal, would not be
made subordinate to another ollicitil on
the isthmus.
There have been stories of disagree
ment between Secretary Taft and Shouts
and it has been said that the President
has not been satisfied with him. Still,
thes-e stories have alwavs been denied at
the White House and in the War Depart
ment, where it bus been consistently held
that Shouts was in perfect accord with
tlie President and Taft.
When Mr. Shouts went to Washington
it is declared ho did not nt all realize
that tlie actual control over the digging
of the Panama canal bad been officially
placed iu the hands of the Secretary of
War. Out of this misunderstanding of
ollicial status there grew a social tempest
which has bubbled up more or less in ev
ery ." o'clock tea (lot in Washington.
Kuuaua Indomra 1'nriile Synleiu.
The annual report of the Kansas State
penitentiary takes a strong stand in favor
of the parole system, which has been
under c-;periaio!:t for two or throe years.
The ollicers say tlint pcrsous discharged
in this way are kept iu restraint and
strengthened iu a manner that aids them
to become gisid citzens. Few persons vio
late their parole and few are afterward
returned for new crimes. On the other
hand, two or three term persons are gen
erally found to be those who have been
discharged without restraint. Warden
Huskell says that the parole law has
passed the experimental stage ami that of
l.'K icrsons thus released ouly thirty
live violated their promise. The peniten
tiary was run at a net profit of $074,
Plti in two years. It cost 83 5 cents a
day to feed each prisoner, owing to the
quantity of food raised on the farm.
The annuil report of the civil service
commission suyt that the practice of
levying political assessments on govern
ment employes has been discontinued,
but thinks that public servant are still
far too active in silitlcs. The commis
sion held t'kNil kinds of examinations for
various positions, and of the 84.191 per
sons who competed in the educational
testa, 50,113 passed. Including the non
educational tests, l,t.t4 persons were
examined, of whom l)r,0X passed, and
41.877 were appointed. The decrease of
A.0'.MI In the number examined is thought
to reflect the prosperous condition if the
country.
Gov. Ansel of South Carolina, In his
inaugural, urged the abolition of the State
dispensary and the outlawing of bucket
shops.
Gov. George E. Chamberlain, in his
message snt to the Oregon Legislature,
urges tlie enactment of a law crealiug a
Slate railway commission.
Five hills calling for a 2-cent fare were
introduced in the Legislature at Dos
Moines, Iowa. Three hills also were sent
in calling for the enactment of a primary
law.
The lower house in Missouri at Jeffer
son City passed a bill taxing undivided)
WAS PLACED ON TRIAL.
profits in excess of 50 per cent of the
capital stock of corporations, other than
railroads.
Tho lower house of the Legislature at
Little Rock, Ark., defeated tho Senate
resolution commending President Rsse-
BTANTOHD WHITE.
veil's action in discharging the negro
battalion on account of the Rrownsvill
riot.
A bill was introduced iu the up;ir
house of the Legislature at Lincoln,
Neb., designed to prevent the practice
of tipping and making persons or cor
porations employing waiters or servants
who may demand or accept a tip guilty
of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine.
New bills in the Wisconsin Assembly
provide for a repeal of the mortgage tax
ation law, a railroad co-employe law, a
jail penalty of six mouths for autoisla
who refuse to stop on motion of a horse
man, the establishment of a binding-twine
plant at the State prison at a cost of
$100,000.
Joseph W. Railoy was re-elected to
the United States Senate by the Texas
Legislature. He received a total vote of
108 in the two branches, which balloted
separately, against 45 for all his oppo
nents. The fight to prevent Bailey from
serving another term Is not Interrupted
by tho result, but will be nroatcntad a
vigoroaar as before.
)
riasawtai lalterson.
f
