Image provided by: University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries, Lincoln, NE
About Dakota County herald. (Dakota City, Neb.) 1891-1965 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 7, 1906)
president tf Setft 04 Hou$4 of ReprttenU' Am a nation wa still continue to enjoy a literally unprecedented prosperity! snd K It probable Mi". t only reckless epecuia inn and diaremrd of legitimate business I twtaods on the part of the businesa world I ii.aterlall mar this prosperity. No Congress In our time baa done more rood work of Importance than the present Congress. There were aereral matter left unfinished at your last session, dow ser, which I most earnestly hope you Will complete bctore your sojournment. CBpsl(i Contrlbntlons. . . .. i again rccommeno w ail coriHrauona irom couirioui.ua campaign expenses ' "J i , ; IjUI THlUalH CVUinirulQ mm ... ...... , - let u prohibit In effective fashion all corporations from making contributions for any political purpose, directly or indi rectly. h GsTcraarst'a Right te Appeal. A bill which has passed one House of , the Congress and which It Is urgently necessary should be enacted into law is that conferring upon the government the fright of appeal In criminal cases on ques- tions of law. This right exists in many mt die Htates; it exist in the District of Columbia b, act of the Oongress. I can J not too strongly urge the passage of the hiU In question. A failure to pass it will result in seriously haompering the govern SDcnt in its effort to obtain Justice, ea pecially against wealthy Individuals or corporations who do wrong; and may also prevent the government from obtaining justice tor wage workers who are not themselves able effectively to contest a case where the Judgemnt of an inferior court has been against tbem. The impor tance of enacting Into law the particular fcil: in question is further increased by the fact that the government baa now definitely begun a policy of resorting to the criminal law in those trust and in terstate commerce cases where such a oursc offers a reasonable chance of sue ens. At first, as was proper, every effort was made to enforce these laws by civil proceedings; but it has become increas ingly evident that the action of the gov ernment in finally deciding, In certain cases, mo undertake criminal proceedings was Justifiable; and though there huve teen some conspicuous failures in these sue, we have bad many successes, which have undoubtedly had a deterrent effect rpon evil-doers, whether the penalty in Hicted waa In the shape of fine or impris onment and penalties of both kinds have already been inflicted by the courts. Of iw where the iudre can see his way to Inflict the penalty of Imprisonment the deterrent effect of tbe punisnmeni on oin r offenders la increased ; but sufficiently heavy fines accomplish much. Isauaaco of Injunctions. In my last message I suggested the enactment of a law in connection with the issuance of injunctions, attention nav tne been sharply drawn to the matter pj I She demand that the right of applying In- junctions in labor cases should be wholly leaned. It at least doubtful Whcth- ... .ho Uhin. altogether the use of T- . - 11 tha I injunctions in such cases would stana me 1 . a. . 1 wh ah mmM AT I course tbe legislation would be Ineffective. I iLfAraAver. I holier e It would be wrong al-1 raaKT nr wnm rnum . iu wuii-u vcaara wa 1 together to prohibit the use of injunctions. I It Is criminal xo permit sywiwu. criminal to weaken our hands in uphold- t"g the law; and if men seek to destroy should ) no impairment of the power of r . a a nmnertv nv moo viuieui:o mem 1 the courts to aeu wiiu ueta m uw iu anmtn.rv and effective Way POSSible. tlUt I so far as possible too souse oi iue power VPry abuses which were in part rcspon ahould be provided against by aome such glbiP fr the original outbreak. The one law as I advocated last year. hope for success for out people lies in In this matter of injunctions mere is lodged in the hands of the Judiciary a nee- Z W"Zlm,V?ll7e ""ii lect to tha POwMllty ,?Vrrcis."f with is a power that should be exercised witn (ollowlng ei,hor t),nt baM, creature who extreme care and should be subject to tne 0I,peaig and pnnuers to the lowest In jealoue scrutiny of all men, and condem- Btineta and pasHjoni, n orr to UT0UM nation should be metea oux ii buui bi onfc (ot ot Americans against their fel ine judge who fails to use it boldly when ,ewg or hat other ereatur(l( eq,mly base necessary as to the judge who uses u hut no hager) wb0 j a Bpirit f gUH;A, or wantonly or oppressively. There must tie t0 accumuinte or ad(1 to an areauy huge no hesitation in dealing with disorder. fortue, seeks to exploit his fellow-Amer-But there must likewise be no such abot )cftn8 whh enlioua disregard to their wel of the injunctive power as is implied in far, of tou, ftnJ bo(1 forbiddmg laboring men to arrive lurvuy.r wn oettermnt in peceiui auu ways ; nor must tne injunction ", merely to Bid some pig corporanuu u y..-. rying out schemes for its own aggrandize-1 went. It must be remembered that a pre- liminary injunction in a miwr .uc, granted wttnoux bihhjubio wlien authority can lie found to anpport the conclualoii ot ww on wniu n a v ..'..am x iiA tha fiiafilllA lounaeaj, may oi-u ,y tx-tween tbe pa run ; auu iBerov Tronerly granted may do irreparable wrong. Yet there are .many Judges who assume a matter-of-course granting of sswsasvi r . i t mm j . . .. a AM m tlsFT in llini'LIUU UI U mti wwr eary and proper judicial aisposuiou sucn cases; ami mri been flagrant wrongs committed by Judges in connection with labor disputes even ;m.. .h i.at few vears. although I think much leas often than in former I" " ... M h their unwise ac- jc.. . .ul- . u i...i. tion immensely .-r Y" . . i .- xisteoce, tor ii tne AiwrKu Itcttng labor or in matters wmi w- noratlons. it trill be well-nigh Impossible l?ra-"r. it- -htuion rrf-. .1 l,nekls. - - ' law, I call your attention and the atten- tion of the'natior. to the prevalence ot im ... and above all to tbe etll- muic --- - , , . its own shortcomings. To deal with the rim nf eorruotiou It is necessary to fcave au awakened public conscience, and to supplement this by whatever legisla tion will add speed and certainty in the execution of the law. When we deal with t.n.-iiinr ven more Is necessary. A great many white mcu are lynched, but the criiiio is peculiarly frequent in respect to tlack uiru. The greatest exciting cause i kin. I. tha nornetrstion. especially br black men, of the hideous crime of fane the most abominable in all the ealegorv of crimes, even worse than tnur- j... Vfk. freouentlv avenge the coin- mission of this crime by themselves tor- toring to death the man commuting hji Imu avenging in bestial fashion a bestial j .ieed. and reducing themselves to a level sjritb the criminal. ... Lawlessness grow by what It feeds poo ; and whan mobs begin to lynch for rape they speedily extend the sphere of ' jeir operations and lynch for many other linds of crimes, so that two-thirds of the lynchltsgs are not for rape at ail. while a considerable propottiou of tbe individ rnls lynched ere Innocent of all crime. Where any crime committed by a mem tr of one race against a member of an 'Jier race is avenged in such fashion I at it aeems as if not the individual v-iuiiuul. but the whole race, is attacked, i e result is to exasperate to tbe highest i 'ree race feeling. There is but one safe i iu dealing with black men as with ' te wen ; it is the same rule that must : applied in dealing with rich mcu and Mir men; that is. to treat each man. riever bis color, his creed, or his social .iion, with even-banded justice on his 1 worth aa a man. bvery colored man i realixo Ihut tbe worst enemy of r-rs U the ncyro crimiual, and above f urj'ro criminal who commits lbs A i-t.aie of rape; aud it should be ir rarss xx&s: ttLiz D:brrdiuan..eiftht,.h7brs,,drdy i of at.TCTepl "" r&'andiia1, ime among ns. f.nd above all to the epl- )ahor nnot be emnloved. to bother .. to fl?.0!?."!.."! STi.; iemlcof W"f,"" whether the necessary work is done by uring thi public, or existing in uch form rvringi up, now In one pa rtrfwr roun- ali(in h,atk or b ali1 meWtably to threaten Injury-for the, try. no a in another. Kach section, north, nut the wage workers of the United mere fact that a combination hes secured asJUth, east or west, has Its own faults. s f h, . d , r practically complete control of a neossnry no aoeilon can with wisdom spend its f " ' wr'eZ ln,,jHtriaI standi oint and ' """'n un'1" "-v cwxnncn show time Jeering at the fau ts of another sec- ' ," ,L,i "?J u u ? thr.t such combination was to be presumed Ii"Vif .Sm h h.i.v trvlng to amend t'omt'et'ivic standpoint It should be ,, ! adverse to the public Interest, it Is un- jVlessacje felt as in the highest degree an offense arninst the whole country, and against the colored race in particular, for a colored rnnn to f nil to help the officers of the law in hunting down with all possible earnest- ties and teal every such infamous offend er. Moreover, in my judgment, the crime of rane should always be punished with death, as is the case with murder; assault with intent to commit rape should be made a capital crime, at least In the dis- ctetion of the court ; and provision should be made by which the punishment mny follow Immediately upon the hcela or the. oflense. mere is ai There is another matter which has a dIrcct bParIn, npon tMn mnltPP of ivnch . . of tfi(, bn)(a) cr,mc wuU,h ome. timCm cag ,t lorth and at other time. merely furnishes the excuse for Its ex Istence. No ir.ore short-sighted policy ran be imagined tlinn, in the fancied in terest nf one class, tn ltrcvent the edit- cation of ano her clnss. The free public k ... . .-i-l t0 frii , pood elementary education, lies sr tnp foundation of our whole politicnl ,;itiation. In every community the poorest citizens, those who need the schools most, Bould be deprived of them if they only received school facilities proportioned to tnP taxes they paid. This is as true of nt.lll.WI, IIIC 1 ll-lllf C IUI , UlU ... I.. . ore 0f ur country a. of another. Labor and Capital. In dealing with both labor and capital, with the questions affecting both coriiora tions and trades unions, there is one mat ter more important to remember than might else, and that Is the infinite harm done by preachers of mere discontent. These are the men who seek to excite a violent class hatred against all men of wealth. They seek to turn wise and proper movements for the better control of corporations and for doing away with the abuses connected with wealth. Into a campaign of hysterical excitement and falsehood in which the aim is to Inllnme to madness the brutal passiona of man- k'nd. The sinister demagogues and lool- ish visionaries who ore always eager to undertake audi a campaign or destruc tion sometimes seek to associate them selves with those working for a genuine reform in governmental nnd social meth ods, and sometimes masquerade as such reformers. In reality they are the worst enemies of the cause they profess to ad vocate, just as the purveyors of sensa tional slander in newspaper or magazine are the worst enemies uf all men who are engaged in an honest effort to better what la had in our uncial and govern mental conditions. To preach hatred of ih. .ii, . .t, tn . ,m. I the rich man ns such, to carry on a cam- I , , , . . . . palgn of sla.ider and Invective against I mm, to sees '.o misieaa una innnme to madness honest men whose lives are hard and who have not the kind of mental training which will permit them to appre ciate the danger In the doctrines preach ed all this Is to commit a crime against the body politic and to he false to every i&neth m-innlulA nnd tradition nf Amnri. c. national hfe. Corruntlon is never I , rife communities where the dem- I ,.0gue and Ihe agitator bear full sway, K"L In :,V,"h"fJ,,,nltl. -Il Jn KhJn.:"?i7ST.. . "V" . sensationalism replace 4he spirit of sound I .. . ... . mil rrhtiiti r ani to v riAn nv narsVaAn and man hwT revolt .gainst .n. .,,nii,t aru llre ln lha en(l t0 turn towarj nny i,.uder who can restore order, and then their rPji(,f Bt Mng free pom tnB )ntol. erbln burdens of class hatred, violence, ,n,i ,1.,.,, inn., 1 i,. ,t.i. .... i.n ... for ,orae tinie h aroused to Indignation I against misdeeds by men of wealth; so ,, 111 Air Tiarinit n.w irMwth nf t ha a reolute and fearless, but sane and cool- hPttdwj advance along the path marked r r yC" by tb' 'T.00 I'Y" 7' V,Ht 9 11 "'u1'11 re,UM' t0 06 mMe& 'nto lllB pnin p(,apia whu think he me- cnnnieg, farmers, merchants, workers with i,Pad or hand, rue men to whom American traditions are dear, who love ,f ejr country end try to act decently by U)rr neighbors, owe It to themselves to remember that the most damaging blow tuat ma 00 glVrn popuiar government la to elect an unworthy and sinister agita- tor on a platform of violence and hypoc- I ws, i . ' I riny. uenevor such an issue Is raised in this country nothing can be gained ny nincuing from it, for In such case '"mocrncy is Itself on trial, oonular self. tsn mnrt f nnfit. MniiKI t a n i f I . I i a uiut u v uuiin lt-fUUIluau IUI 1111 IB 1 1" I . t n tslal 'll.t ..... ..k A4T L. f I sv vu tUHit iiiuiuwu Ul l Ufa niuu in I i iuat ag evl thln the trlumnh of I ,ne plutocracy, and to have escaped one anlg nothing whatever if we succumb to the other. Tb Klcht-lfoor Law. Bo far ai it is In our power, It should . " " ur V, I o ouf aim steanny to reduce the nuin- ber of hours of labor, witn as a goal the suuuiu uo resiuceu; just as mere are Com- munities uot far enough advanced for such a movement to be foe their wl nr tlie tropi. so situated that thee i , ...n.; w. ti.ut ..-i- ... i " ' , ' .T:;. A .I" ?.ur in ,h' .natter. On the iuthmus of I'anama, for Instani-e, the conditions are I In ..... ma His.. . ....... ... 1. .. . ,1 b sbsurd- iust aa it is absurd ,, a! ' l. I ..u . - ------- i iaoor cannot ue emnioveu. to notner . to rertion of aec.irlng the geueral observ ance ot an eigui-nour day. t'utll re ettitly the eight-hour law ou our f.slera! statute books has been very scantily ob served. Now, however, largely through tno instrumentality of the bureau of la- Dor, it Is being rigidly enforced,. Labor of Women and C'hlldre Let me again urge that the Congress I provide for a thorough Investigation of I he conditions of child iauor and of the labor of women In the United Ktatoa. More and more our people are growing to rccoguixe the fact that the Question which are not merely of Industrial but of social miiwrnu uuiweiga an otnera; and theso two questions most etuphnt- Ically come in tbe category of those which affect In the most far-reaching way the home life of tbe nation. The horrors Incident to the employment of vouns children In factories or at work anywhere arc a dioi on our civilization. Kutployers Liability In spite ot all precautions exercised by employers there sre unavoidable aevl dents and even deaths Involved in nearly every line of business connected with the mechanic arts, tvompensatlon for and dt-nts or deaths due in auv line of Indus. f nu i rti i.hial nirwlit lnH Iim1n. .L.I..I. der which Id he paid ty for the Is tarried "J " - - - ...... Ulilin m W II l .hat industry is carried on, should bv that portion of the community benefit of which tho Industry Is carried Ulipulti Belwr Caoltal and Labor. 'i'ti couuulMioa appointed by ths fresl- our oojeci to uo wuat we can lu the di- I fortunate that our present law hould tor- on- i- sit Is. by those who profit bv tha er minor dlvts Ions ot tne piste, nut nwre ronuiiion oi our curmuij i-wa. am r . .... . . . ..'.... the very peooi .u tiers an open letter to r.miieror it i '.nam Wnlri II llsmtli. InTtll. i "re many kluds of taxes which can only b. tloual bank act ha. ably wrved a great piir- Is the fact that the statutes of the l ulted ,,lr.te.l economy in tbe first place were P"1 " treatment of l'o- Industry. II tua entire trade risk is r.J-'K ,n, general government so u to pun lo aiding th eoormou business devel- Htate are entirely liisdeouate. They fall to (oreuiot to denounce the mismanagement, deuonncing russia s Wratmenr. ot lr plaMl upon ihe employer he will prompt- 0 , -at he best results, because, among opmeut of ths couulry; and wlthla ten give to Ih national government sutBcleutly BuJ ,ffcrlug which were primarily land. ly and properly add it to the legitimate other rensou. the attempt to tiupora them lu year there ha been an lncreae In rlrco- ample power, through lulled Mate court rtlle fo n,i name misdirected economy and . cost of rrodiliHlon and asses It propor- one particular 8tnte too often results mere- lotion per capita from 11.41 to l.l.'i.OH. and by the use of the army and navy, to , ,b, a,.h f preparation It Involved. Th . T.1.hpa --ho killed his wife, fionately upon the consumers of h com- iv In d ivlug the coriioratlou or ludlvldual For evrl yesr. evidence ha been account- prole.1 alien. In the rlgh s secured lo them Th, readiness nnd etUclcncy of both tb J 'V 8 v . " . t, modity It is Iherefore clear In tny mind iffeeied to ."me other locality or other mate, latlng that additional legislation I. need- under solemn treaties which are tbe law of Brm, sn,, novy ,n dealing with th. re-ent Flora Hughes, and her paramour. Join thai the law should place this entire "rUk ' """' overnm.t b. long derived ed. The recurrence of each crop season he land. hrefor. "'J,,?,"'?1' "'ll crista in t uba Illustrate afresh their parr, on Aug. 20 last, pleaded guilty to lYl trade" UPOU Ih, em ployer"11'' '"MJ L'i"..". ."L" !r,dh;...l?:mU':nd'e:d de'd", value to th. nation. aecond degree murder at Tortsmouf O. ldent CM. Ifl. 1002, at the remiest of both mw Hiliurni no coal iifri hi fi n nun u.uiier, if Inquire luto, consider anil puss upon the questions In controversy In rnnnectlon with the strike In the anthracite regions of Pennsylvania and the causes, out of which tha controversy irom, In their report, flnd lnii find award expressed the belief "lh.it the Htst and Federal governments should provide the marhluery for what may he. railed the compulsory Investigation of con troversies between employer am employe when they arias." This expression of be lief Is deserving or the ravorahle consider ation of the Congress and the enactment of Its provision Into law. A hill bis al ready been Introduced to this end. Many strikes and lockout would not have occurred had the parties to the dis pute been required to appear before an un prejudiced body representing the nation and, face to face, state the reasons for their contention, in most Instance the dispute would doubtless be found to be due to a nilsiindcrstsndlns br each of the other's rights, aggravated br an unwillingness of ell her part to accent as true the state ments of the other ns to the Justice or In justice of the matter In dispute. The ex ercise of a Judicial spirit by a disinter ested body representing the Federal gov ernment, such a would be provided by a commission on conciliation and arbitration, would tend to create an atmosphere or friendliness and conciliation between con tending parties; and the giving esch side an erpial opportunity to present fully Its esse In the presence of the other would prevent many disputes from developing Into serious strikes or lockouts, and. In other eases, would enable the commission to per- 'iad the opposing parties to come to luj.ni. Withdrawal of foal Land. It Is not wise that the nstlon should alienate Its remaining coal lands. I have temporarily withdrawn from settlement all the lands -vhfcii the geological survey bss indicated as containing, or in an proiiauu. uy containing, coal. The. nnesiion, now IZLVW'W CntUidS vide for the withdrawal nf these lauds from ale or from entry, save In certain especial circumstances. The ownership would tnen remain In the Culled Hlates, which should not, however, attempt to work them, hut permit them to be worked by private Indi viduals under a royalty system, I Control of Corporations. The present Congress has taken long strides hi the direction of securing proper supervision and control by the national government over eorporatlons engaged in Interstate buxlncss and the enormous ma jority of corporations of any slxe are en gaged In Interstate business. The passage of the railway rate bill, and only to n less degree the passage of the pure food bill, sod the provision for Increasing and ren dering more effective national control over the bcef-packlng Industry, mark an Import ant advance In' the proper direction. All these luw.t have already Justllied their en actment. It must not be supposed, how ever, that with the passu no of these laws It will bo possible to stop progress niong the line of increasing the power of the nntlonnl government over the use of capital In Interstate, commerce. Kor example, there will ultimately lie need of enlarging the pow ers of the Interstate commerce commission along several dlffereut lines, so as to give It . larger and more etllclent control over the railroads, it cannot often lie repeated that . 1 mat ra I nrir''DCe conclusively shown the impos- ,n slblllty of securing by the actions of nearly I - ,,,,,, ,-t u... ti-i-m-.. ra unu a iiuuiumi illliritrill niaifl m-iiininiuirn ,n..,i,in i.,.t i ..... i.. ..i,. i n,. JV of dealing with thn great corporations wnicu no not operate exclusively within the limits of any one Htate. In some methods, whether bv a national license law or In other fashion, we must exercise, snd that at an early date, n far more complete control than at present over these great corporations a control that will among other things prevent the evil of excessive over-capltallxatlon. and that will compel disclosure by each big corporation of stockholder and of Its properties and business, whether owned directly or through !S"?'-.7 " "P11"1" P"!n .. ring of I IFnu 10 pill B Slop to lllc serurnig 01 I inordinate nrotlts bv favored individual at I I.. . . . " . .. ... I the expense whether of the general public. the stockholder, or the wageworker. Our effort should lie not so much to prevent con solidation as such, but so to supervise ana control It as to see that it results in no harm to the people. 1 Ho the proper antidote tn the dangerous nnd wicked agitation against the men of lfl,,,,m " exacuflve action the abolition wealth as such ! to secure by proper legis. of the grave abuses which actually do obtain In connection with' the business use of wealth under our present system or rath er no system of failure to exercise any ad equate control at all. Home persons speak a If the exercise of such governmental control would do away with the freedom o'invldual Initiative and dwarf Indlvld- S a ffy0errtitahT.hUc.,rnu',,y ! io pTt'". iremlum upon Individual Initiative, Individ- ula rapacty and effort; upon the energy. character and foresight which It Is so Im portant to encoursre In the individual, nut as a matter of fact the deadening and de rrsdlnff effect nf nur. socialism, and the de struction of Individual character which they would bring about, are lu part achieved by the wholly unregulated competition which results In a single Individual or corporuliou rising at the expense or all others until hi or Its rise effectually checks all com petition and reduces former competitors to i position or utter inferiority ana subor dination. In enacting and enforcing such legisla tion as this Congress already has to Its credit, we are working on a coherent plan, with the steady endeavor to secure the needed reform bv the Joint action or the moderate men. the plain men who do not wish anything hysterical or dangerous, but who do intend to oeni in resoiuta couiinou sense fashion with the real and great evils of the present system. The reunions rlea and the violent extremists show symptoms of tolnlnr hand against us. Iloth assert, ror instance, tuat u logical, we suumu su to government ownership of railroads and the like; the reactionaries, because on such in Issue they think the people would stand "lr with them, while the extremists care rather I airliallon than to I ." .. . ; i ... ... -. I achieve SOIIO result. S u.aer o. ini:i, I nur position Is as remote from that of the I Bourbon reactionary as from . that ot the I Impracticable or sinister visionary, we noid I that the government should not conduct I the business of the nation, but that It I should exercise sucn supervision ss win in- i Interest of may be. forking men. silly of bur- I den. The actual working of our law has I shown that the effort to proiiinii su coin- 'Inatloo, good or I ' not euective. i u hu.i .ii "ke comb, taiion or isoor. is a ccr7 element of our preseut Industrial system. It la not possible completely to prevent It; I mwtA If 1. w.r, tioaalllle. BI1CD COQlllieiO IITH- nags to the uouy pun - .. . ,. I tic. What we need Is not vatmy to try to r goroua ana noeiur v......... .. ... .,mi,i.,..n..na as to nrnvent tneir i.i.i .n mnibliiatlon. lusteud of sharply dis criminating between those comiiinntions which do good aud tuose couiuiuaiion wuuu H.i avll. Uelmtes. for instance, are as ofteu due to tbe pressure of big shlpier (a was .i.-n In lb Investigation of the Standard mi enniunt ami ns uas neen suown sine bv the Investigation of the tobacco and .;,.. trusts) as to the Initiative of big railroads Often railroads would Ilka to combine for the purpose of preventing a big whlnoer from maintaining improiier auvitui- uvea at the expense of small shipper nnd of thn venerni nuonc. num ,:..iiii.iiia- tlnn Inates d of lielng forbidden by law, should be favored. In other words, it ahould lie permitted to railroad to mass agree ment, urovlded these agreements were sanc tioned by the Interstate commerce commis sion and wre published. With these two condition compiled with It Is Impossible to see what barm such a combination could do to the public at large. Inheritance and Income Tax, Thi ouestlon of taxation Is difficult In any couutrv. but It Is especially dllUcult In ....r. with lis fiulerHt srstcm of government. Sum taxes sHould on every ground be levied i .mull .ii.irl.-t for use In that district. Thus tbe taxation of real estate s peculUr Iv one for the Immediate locality In whl-b the real estate ts found. Again, thece la ti n I.AM legitimate tax for any State than I S Hint unon street railroads and lmllur cor- noratlon which operat wholly within the St at boundaries, sometimes In ou and sometime lu everal munlcipulltie or oth- tax on the franchise contcrreu ny nm dltloa to these thrr I every reason why, when next our system of taxatiou is revised. I ".. . . . . . ... . . . . . I a . .. i- . mi... - - I i i . r f i r III . m n lt lull IllFm-n. t Inn n ! nl.l i .... r I.... I i .. . i. .. . .1 .. ..... .... ... I ' . . . . . ... , f : 1 1 the national government should . Impose a graduated Inheritance tax, and, It possi ble, a graduated income tnx. The man of great wealth owe a peculiar obligation to the Htate, because he derive special advan tages from the mere existence of govern ment. Not only should be recognize this obligation In the way be lead hi dally lire and in tne way ne earn and p-ml hi money, but It should also be recognised by the way In whlrb he pays for the protec tion the Htate give bliD. (In tbe one band. It Is desirable that he should assume his full and proper share of the burden of tax ation ; on the other hand, It Is quite a necessary that In this kind of taxation, where the men who vote the tax pay but little of It, there should be clear recogni tion of the dsnger of Inaugurating sny such system save In a spirit of entire i. tlce and moderation. Whenevt we. as a people, undertake to remodel ou. taxation system along the lines suggested, we must make It clear beyond perndventure that our aim Is to distribute the burden nf supKrt lng the government more eoitltiiblv than at present ; that we Intend to treat rich man ana poor mnu on a oasis of absolute equal ity, and that we regard It a eqnnllv fnl.il to true democracy to do or permit Injustice to the one as to do or permit Injustice to the other. f am well aware that such a utw thi needs long and careful study In order that the people may become familiar with what Is proposed to lie done, may clearly the necessity of nroceedlnir with tU t.m I and self-restraint, and may make up their minds Just how far they are wllllnir to m I In the matter; while only trained InirUin. I tor ran work out the project In necessary detail. Iliit I feel that In the near future our national legislators should ennct a law I providing ror .a graduated inherltanne tnv I by which a steadily Increasing rate of duty should I put npon all moneys or other Tn i on uies coming oy girt. neqncHt, or devise I to any Individual or corporation It -nuv lie well to make the tax heavv In I Hon as the individual benefited la i-oi of kin. In any event. In mv lii,lirn,., it,. pro rata of the tax should Increase very heavily with the Increase of the amount loft to any one Individual after a certain polnt has been reached. It Is most deilr- able to encourage thrift and ambition a notent source of thrift ami ,n. i. I tup isirn on inn nirr or ih, t.-A ..... i to leave his children well nsr ti,,. ,...., ran ls attained by making the tax very small on moderate amounts of property left; because the prime object should lie to put a constantly Increasing burden on the inheritance of those .wnlUn rflHnnM u-i,i.,h It Is certainly of no benefit to this country to perpetuate. There can be no question of I the ethical propriety of the government thus determining the conditions uuon which any gift or Inheritance should Is? received. in us incidents, und apart from the main purpose Of raising rrvonnn an Inmnin tax stands on an entirely different fool Inn from an Inheritance tax; because It Involves no question of tbe perpetuation of fortunes n to an unhealthy size. Tbe qu" iion is in its essence a question of the i.iM-r nujiisinicnc or burdens to benefits. Kilaeatlnn of the Farmer. The only other nersons whose welfare Is as vital to the welfare of the whole coun try as is the welfare of the wagewor!irs ic inn uiiers or the soil, the farmers. is m o "' .:.. " ';; e "", al"?-f.ZZ" - mom ior any tailing on i n tlm nhurnffoi- mv1t -. .11 m . i . , I llnVilliitimmi . ...... . ..in n. ....... . ii in ii u, uv luiii... l. i.i .-- nun vtnuuing u. luo .ur:u- 1 lng population. During the last few de- cades this fact has been recognised with ever-iucreasing clearness. There Is no .ong- er any failure to realise that farming, ut least In certain branches, must become a technical und scientific profession. This means that there must be open to farmers the chance for technlcnl and scientific train ing, not theoretical merely but of the most severely practical type. This education of the farmer Is peculiarly necessary here In the l!nitd mates, where the froutler con dition even In the newest States have now cearly vanished, where there must l.e a substitution of a more intensive system of cultivation for the old wasteful farm man agement, and where there must be a better business organisation among the farmer themselves u t , Several factors must co-operate In the im provement of the farmer's condition. He must have the chance to be cducnted in tbe widest possible sense In the sense which keeps ever in view the Intimate relationship between the theory of eduction asd the facts of life. This is especially true of the fann er. AH students now realize that xl.ica- tlon must seek to train tbe eucutlve pow ers of young people nnd to confer more real significance upon the phrase "dignity of Intior," and to prepare tbe pupils ho that ln addition to each developing tn tbe highest degree hi individual capacity for work, tbey may together help create a right public opinion, nnd show In many ways social atid co-operative spirit. Or ganization has become necessary In the bus iness world, and It has accomplished much ror good in the world or luhor. It is no less necessary for fir men. tiuch a move ment, ss the grange movement Is good in Itself and Is capable or a well-Dlgu mnnite further extension for good so long as it Is kept to Its own legitimate business. The benefits to be derived by the association of farmers for mutual advantage arc partly economic and partly sociological. Moreover, while in the long run volun tary effort, will prove more efficacious than governmeut assistance, while tbe farmers must primarily do most for themselves, yet thn government ran also do much. The department of agriculture has broken new ground In many directions, nnd year by year It buds how It can Improve its meth ods and ciHveiop rresh usefulness. Its con stant effort la to give the governmental as sistance In the most etfoctlve way : that Is, through associations of farmers raflier than to nr through Individual farmers. Irrigation nnd Forest Preservation. Much la now being done for the States of the Itocky Mountains and tireat Plain through tne development of the national policy or irrigation and forest preserva tion ; no government policy for the better ment of our Internal conditions tins been more fruitful of good than this. The for ests of the White Mountains and Houthern Appalachian regions should also lie pre- served; and they can uot be unless fhe ueo- Ilia Ih. Mtu.ua 1. ... V. I ..I- . U lA . 1. . I. . .., iu iiii.-u uicy ir, lunniKU tnetr representatives In Congress, secure vigorous action by the national govern- ment. Marriage and Divorce Laws. I am well aware of how difficult it Is to pass a constitutional amendment. Never- theless In my Judgment the whole ouestlon of marriage and divorce should be relegated to tne autuorliy or the National Congress. At present the wide difference In the laws I or the different States on H i aublect resu t ,,-andals and abuse r and aurelv there is i nothing o vitally essentlol to lue welfare ol nation, nothing around which the . nation snouia so uend Itself to throw every safeguard, as the home life of tbe averago cmen. The change would be good from I every standpoint. In particular It would I i ill... w mitmj IllfUlll vuilf.7. nu .- I I.. .....1 I...... .. I -,....1.1 ... - ..- .- .,.. I grass tha power at oni-e to deal radically aud efflcleiitly with polygamy; and this whethVir Sot .marriage , ant, divorce are dealt wltn. It la neunur I ... i - .v.. ..n..- .. n in ui.r iiuirr ,u utiitii inv .jiiim, iui. ... IMiygamy to lie dealt wltn by tne several Htates. Power to deal with It should be conferred on the uatlonal government. hen home ties are loosened, when men a regions In our land, and classes of our population, where the birth ralu has sunk lielow the death rate. Surely it should need no demonstration to show that willful I stsrlllty la. from the standiiolnt of the ua i tion. rrom tne sinuiiponii or inn iiiiiniin I race, the one sin for which the penalty Is I national death, race death; a sin for which I there is no atonement; a slu which la the I more dreadful exactly In prowrllon as the i meu mu wuuiru Kiiiiijr miTmii mo in uhmt respects. In character, aud bodily and men tal powers, those whom for the sake of lite state it would be well to see tho fathers and mothers uf many healthy children, well brought up lu borne made happy by tneir presence. No man, no woman, run shirk tb primary duties of life whether for love of ease and pleasure, or for any other cause. and retain bis or her self respect Development nf American ablpplaa- i,et m once again call the attention of the Congress to the question of developing American shipping, l trust that a law em bodying ia su list nee tha views, or a major part or the views, expressed in tn report on this subject laid before the House at lis last session, wlil be passed. It will of course beneftt primarily our seaboard State, such a Mains, ixiuistana anu un luglon ; but what benefits part of our peo ple In tn end nenem an; just s govern ment aid to Irrigation and forestry in the West Is really of benefit, not only to ths Kocky Mountain State, but to all our couu- try. . . of Carreaoy Weform. I especially call your attention to the causa 10 leave mem . tney sr means to incur liability of business disaster, since and women cease to regard a worthy faniliy ablo to us ns a people. mid It may bo fraught fiugraeed nation; but the nation otllcc owing to the bitter personal dlf- llfe with all Us duties fully performed, and ! K' llmle"? won'Tn'tt'shJ" " win Is dlwra.1 If the obligation to de- ferellces which appear to have devel- ail Its responsibilities lived up to, as tlio . 1 "o jupat.csw people bae won lu a sin- i4 Hiiirkcd. L,, i Ufa Is-st worth living; then evil day for le generation the right to stand abreast ' rl"', , '' . ...,. do everything In Oped between the public printer and th commonwealth are at hand. There are of the foremost und most enlighten.! poo- We should as a , . . , ii,ifi your body adjourned there hi been a fluc tuation In the Interest on call money from 2 per rent to 30 per rent; nnd the fluctu ation was even greater during the preceding six months. The Ferrctarv of the Treasury hsd to step In and by wise action put a stop to the most violent period of oscilla tion. Kven worse thna such fluctuation Is the advance In commercial rates and the uncertainty felt In the sufficiency of credit even at high rntes. All commercial Inter ests suffer during each crop period. Ex cessive rate for call money In New .York attract money from the Interior hanks Into the specnlstlve field; this depletes the fund thst would otherwise be available for com mercial uses, and commercial borrowers are forced to pay abnormal rates; so that each fall a tsx, In tbe hspe of Incressei inter i est charges, la placed on the whole com merce or the country. The mere statement of these fscts shows thst our present system Is seriously defec tive. There Is need or a mange, i no not press any especial plan. The Philippine Tariff. t most earnestly hope' that the hill to provide a lower tariff for or else absolute free trade In Philippine products will be- . come a law. No barm will come to any j American Industry: and while there will be some small but real mntcrlnl benelit to the ; Klllplnos, the main benefit will come by the showing mnde as to our purpose to do all In our nower for their welfare. Ro far our titifi In the l'hlllunlnes has liern nbund .ri u.tinrl not mslnlv nnd indeed not orlmarilv beeause of the added dlgltilty it (, civ.n ns as a nation bv proving that are ranshle honorably nnd ifhVlently to hear the International burdens which n mighty people should bear, but even more Kern use of the Immense benefit that has i - onie to the neonle or me i"-:uppine isianus In these Islands we are stendlly Introducing both lllH?rty and order, to a greater degree than their people nave ever or i ore mionu, nnd next spring. If conditions warrant, we shall take a great stride forward In test tn their capacity for self-government, by ..unmnnlnir the first Filipino legislative as- sembly ; and the way In which they stand this test will largely determine whether the self government thus granted will be In- creased or decreased ; for If we have erred at all in the Philippines It ha been In pro- reeillnir too rapidly lu the direction of i.,ani nir m isrize n r iniirc ui Briinwiriiiuiriii v are building roods. We have for the Immeasurable good of the people, arranged for the building of railroads. Let us also see to It that they are given free access to our markets. This nation owes no more itnnerat ve duty to iiseir anu mnnainu man the duty of managing the affairs of all thi lalandi. under the American llag the Phi! I1C Ipplnes, Porto Rico, nnd linwall so as to make It evident that It Is In every way to their advantage that tbe flug should fly over them. Porto ftleo. American citizenship should be conferred on the citizens of I'orto ltlco. The harbor of Kan Juan In I'orto ltlco should lie dredged and Improved. The expenses of the Federal court oi rono nn-u nu u met from the Federal treasury. The admin istration or tne nnnirs oi mnu nim, gether with those of the Philippines. IIii vv.ii and our other Insular possessions. should all be directed under one executive department; by preference the department ( .iat .ir tbe drpsrUnent or war, ,,-ll. . . . .. 1 1 .. . "ri.e needs or Hawaii are n-vuuur , ncrj . . . . 1 i .... .1 . 1 . should DS given lliw ipiuutis , now wu efforts should be unceasing to develop them -lung the lines "of a community of small free'iolders, not of grent planters with ciHille-tllled estates. Situated as this ter ritory is. ln the middle of the Pacific, there nre duties Imposed upon this small com munity which do not inn in line aegree or manner upon any other American commu nity. This warrunts our treating it differ ently from the way In which we treat terri tories contiguous to or surrounded by sis ter territories or other Htates. and justifies the setting aside of a portion of our rev enues to be expended for educnflonnl and Internal Improvements therein. Alaska. Alsska's needs have been partially met, but there must be a complete reorganisation of the governmental system, as 1 have be fore Indicated to you. 1 ass your especial attention to this. Our fellow citizens who dwell on the shores of l'nget Hound with characteristic energy are arranging to hold In Heattle the Alaska Yukon Pnclnc Impo sition. Its special alms Include the up building of Alaska and the development of American commerce on the purine ocenn. This exposition, in It purposes and scope, should appeal not only to tbe people of the Pacific slope, but to the people or tne uni ted Htates at large. , International Morality. It 1 a mlstnke. und It betrays a spirit of foolish cynicism, to maintain mat an in ternutlonal government action is, ami must ever be, baaed upon mere selfishness, and thnt to advance ethical reasons for such action is always a sign of hypocrisy. This is no more necessarily true of the action if governments than of the action of individ uals, it is a sure sign ot a ouse nature nlwuvs to ascribe bnse motives ror tne nc tions of others. 1'nquestlonably no na tion can afford to disregard proper consia erullons of nelf-inteieM. uny more than a nrlvnte Individual can so do. nut it is couulW true that the averago private indl vidual In any really decent community ooes many actions with reference to other men In which he Is guided, not uv seii-intci-est. but by public spirit, by regard for the rights of others, by a disinterested purpose to do good to others, und to raise the tone of the community its u whole, similarly, u really great nation must oncn itct, Rmi as a matter or tact often does act, townru other nutlons In n spirit not In the least or mere self-interest, but paying heed ctiletiy to ethical reasons ; nnd iih tlio centuries go by this disinterestedness In International action, this tendency of the individuals com prising n nation to require that nation to act with Justice toward Its neighbors, stend lly grow nnd strengthens. It is neither wise nor rllit for a nation to disregard Its own needs, and It Is fool lull and rany be wicked to think that other nutious win disregard theirs. Itut It Is wicked for a nu tion only to regard Its own Interest, and foolish to believe that such Is ttie sole mo tlve that actuates any other nation Not only must we treat all nations fairly. but we must treat with Justice and good will all Immigrants who come here under the law. Whether they ure Catholic or Protestant. Jew or tjentlle; whether they come from Kngland or Utnnany, ltussiu, Japan, or Italy, mutters nothing. All we huve u right to ouestlon la tbe mnn's con duct. If he Is honest nnd upright In bis dealings wltb bis neighbor and with the slate, then he Is entitled tn respect ami good treatment. Kspcclully do wo need to remember our duty to the strunger withiu our gates. It Is tbe sure murk of n low civilization, n low morality, to abuse or discriminate against or In any way humlll ate stub stranger who has come here law fully nnd who Is conducting himself prop. erly. To rcmenils-r this Is lucuuilient on every American citizen, and It Is of course peculiarly Incumbent on every government oniciai, whether of I tic uutlou or or the scv cral stale aui prompted to say Ibis bv the attitude of hostility here und there assumed toward I no Japanese In this country. i his host 111 ty Is sporadic and Is limited to n very few plnces. Nevertheless, it Is most discredit pies of i'urope and America ; they have won on I belr own merits and by their own exer tions the right to treatment on a busts of full und frank couullty. The overwhelming muss of our people cherish a lively retard and respect for the people of Japan, and In almost every nuurier of the union tbe stranger from Japan la trtated as he tie i i. ... . i . m.,r., ...u, ...- . .r.-i.,.-., n iiic .iruutsrr from any part of rtvilled Kuroiie Is and deserves to lie treated. Hut here and there a most unworthy feeling bus manifested it I self toward the Jaimncse the feeling that has been shown tn shutting them out from the common schools In Hnn Francisco, nnd In muttering aguinst tbem ln one or two other places, because of their efficiency as workers. To shut them out from the pub lic schools Is a wicked absurdity, when there are no llrst cluss college in the laud. Including the universities aud college tIV 1)1 fuliforuia. whlrb do not gladly welcome Jiipuuew) students and on which Japanese students do not reflect credit. We have a much lo learn from Jupan n Japan ha to learn from us ; and no nation Is lit to teach mile It IS also willing to lenru. Through out Japan American ure well treated, und any failure on the part of Americans at home to treat the Japanese with a Ilka courtesy snd considers I Ion Is by Just so niuch s confeaslon of Inferiority In our civ I recommend to tbe t'ongres that an act IIM Bl.Mll MIMM.ISr.allv li.i.u I., Im. ... - . V. - . be P".e,l specifically providing for the nat- urallsatlon of Jane-e who come here in- tending to become American cltixens. One of Jh great eiuharrassuieni. attending the to enable the 1'resldeut, acting for the Lulled state geveruuicut, which la respou- s!h!t In our International relations, to en force the rights of alien nnder treaties. Kven as the law now I something can be done by the federal government toward this end. and In the matter now before me af fecting the Japanese, everything that It I In m r power to do wlil be done, and all of the forces, military and civil, of the United Hates which 1 may lawfully employ will be so employed. The) Insurrection In Cuba. Ijist August an Insurrection bro'ke out la Cuba which it apceJtly grew evident that the existing Cuban government wa power- less to quell. This government wa re neatedlr asked bv the then Culn govern ment to Intervene, and finally was notified by the President of Cuba that he Intended to resign; that his derision wa Irrevocable J that none of the other constitutional officers would conseut to carry on the government. and that he waa powerless to maintain or der. It waa evident that chaos was Im pending, and there wa every probability that If steos were not immediately taken by thi government to try to restore order, the representatives of varlou huropean naiions ) the Island would npplv to their respective ,,overnmciifa for armed Intervention In or- (ler , prnPCt the lives and property of thplr (.tIPna. Thanhs to the preparedness of our, -, waB n,P Immediately to send enough ships to Cuba to prevent the ntunt .on rrom becoming nnpeiess : ami t furthermore dispatched to Cuba tbe Secre tary of War and the Assistant Secretary of Htnte. In order thst they might grapple with the situation on the ground. All efforts to secure an agreement between tiie contend ing factious, by which tucy Biio.lld them selves conies to an amicable understanding and settle upon some modus Vivendi some provisional government of their own fail ed. Finally the President of the republic resigned. The quorum of Congress assem bled fulled by rtelllsrate purpose of its mem bers, so that there was no power to act on his resignation, and the govern meat came to a bait. In accordance with the so-called Piatt amendment, which wus embodied in the constitution of Cuba, I thereupon pro claimed R provisional government for the Island, the Secretary of War acting as Pro visional tiovernor until he could be replaced by Air. Magoon, the Inte minister to Pan ama nnd tiovernor of the canal zone on the Isthmus ; troops were sent to support them and to relieve the navy, the expedition be ing hnnd ed with most satisfactory speed and tfflrdeney. The Insurant chiefs Imme diately agreed that their troops should lay down their arms ana nisnsmi; ana tne agreement was carried out. The provisional government has left tbe personnel of the old government and the old laws, so far as might be, unchanged, and will thus admin ister the island for a few months until tranquility can be restored, a new election properly held, and a new government In augurated. Pence has come In the Island; and the harvesting of the sugar cane crop, the great crop of the Island, Is about to proceed. When the election has been held and the new government Inaugurated. In peaceful and orderly fashion the provisional govern ment win come to an end. i take tins op portunity of expressing upon behalf of the American people, with all possible solem nity, our most earnest hope that tbe people of Cuba will realize the Imperative need of preserving Justice and keeping order In the island. The United States wishes nothing of Cuba except that it shall prosper morally and materially, and wishes nothing of the Cubans save that they shall be able to pre serve order among themselves and therefore to preserve their Independence. The Coalereare at Illo. In manv parts of South America there has been much mlsundei-stundlng or the at titude and purposes ot the United states toward the other American republics. An Idea had become prevalent that our asser tion of the Monroe doctrine implied, or car ried with It, nn assumption or superiority, nd of n right to exercise some Kina oi protectorate over the countries to whose territory thnt doctrine applies. Nothing could be farther from the truth. Yet that tranresslon continued to be n serious bar rier to good understanding, to friendly In tercourse, to tbe introduction of American capital and the extension of American trade. The Impression wus so wiuespreao tnat ap parently It could not be reached by any ordinary means. it was part or Secretary Koot s mission to dispel this unfounded Impression, and .v.- 1. I..., hll, tlit tia hum succeeded. Trip to Panama. I have Just returned from a trip to Pan ama and shall report to you at length later on the wboie subject of tne Panama canal. The Alaret'lras Convention The Aureclras convention, which was slsrned bv tbe United States as well a by most of the power of Kurope, supersedes the previous convention of 1MH0, which wa also slgne"d hoth by the United States and a majority or tne European power, tnis treatv confers - upon us equal commercial rights with all European countries, and does nut entail a single obligation of any kind upon u, a.nd I earnestly hope it may be speedily ratified. To refuse to ratify it would merely mean that we forfeited our pnmmerclnl rlchts in Morocco and would not achieve another object of any kind. In the event of such refusal we would be left for the Urst time In a nunorea ana iwcmy vears without any commercial treaty with i,.i-.M-n nmi iiiih ai h uiue wucii . everywhere seeking new markets and out lets for trade. Protection of Far Seals ti.. inn.- for the urotectlon of the seals within the liirlsdlvtlun of the United States ne,l revision and amendment. In case we .,-. .nix m.i led to abandon the hope of mak- inir airangeuieots wirn outer joinuimuH to put an enu. iu nm "'"T.:' Incident to pelagic sealing, It wl 1 be a question for your serious consideration uow v,..,.M ....nilmie to m-otect aud main- ., wd on land with the result of continuing such a practice, and whether it Is not better to euu ine iuk terminating the herd ourselves In the most humane way possiu.e. War for the llljcbt iu. kent in mind that war Is not merely justiimoie, ouv upon bonorab.e men. upon an honorable na tion where peace can only be obtained by the sacrifice of conscientious conviction or great good, and normally It coincide with f national welfare. it . .""J HIS IWIII-t: w....... it . of a nation as It should bind the conscience of nn Individual; and neither a nation nor an Individual can surrender conscience tc ''"'r and which doe", Individuals die. reiruiu '"'"u thought for the interest or me J''""- ..... ...... ... ...tti.i no ipsa inHU ior mo Ilini aic ... . -- - --, .., . . terest ot the geuerauuu oi "-"-";,"- ..1.U.. rnnn htive -riXUI. SHCOin 'c. ...... i.. frnm selfish Indifference or from sentimentality, to sacrifice national i ......... vmi-n are viiai in vu.v.... Illiri.-.. --- . . ... - last war Is in tne long run mr u... -' .. ." .I,-- '.. most nrosncrous neact nations tsom . . - - . oiuuiueu i'Y "-"-- - . -,mi.i . . . . i... ...in .uiaiic. in wroDK or iu i i.. ii.rinver. iuoiiiii 11 for war. so for a uauou u w i"-i---- ---- ---- that It may escae the urcauiui iinu defeated ln war, yet It must always le remembered" that even to lie defeated in war iuht nc m. .-.. n..t have fought at all. As has been well oeaieii naiiw:. --' mi, imu'iir ,rLno,.T " . . . i .Laiiuniiinw. than (nr eurtn ot peai-v nu . ....-v...... - tbe free and euiignieneo pro,. -. :K!!l..mt,.,.. nevertheless strive toward - I Justice, delllierutcly to render ' Bm,e,v I .i.., MI I..uvlnir every desiiotlani and . . -l.l rk th-l. barhiiriHin u.. :,lhrl WTl. .rb "raTton: now depends mululy upon the possession by S!T.:S .k, Vbeir pur'Vf.1 fecttve. Tho Army and Navy. our T. merely that .."be"." ..t if nreHont trenctli : and this can I i It a-s rsMilflttt IhA (ibttOIPfA unit I -! i..J iiv new and coed ones, tb I 1 1 r III., l-MUni: . ......... .. . . . ...... fmm- . . . i,UUoi,..U . ... . w -......... - . g,.,,,!. f unv aliont In any navy. To stop I r'Vi.iin s'liil for one yeur mean that fori I , v,..r iu navy goe back lntead forward. In both the army and the navy there Is urgent neeo mat rveryiuiug po- :"u7.h,,i,i l done to maintain the ilgh. t .tsiuliird for tbe personnel, alike a re cards the officers und tho enlisted men. f! :.-T. ... ih. Mnanish war tha - I arlM f war were praised chiefly it tboy . ...Hi., 1 1 H-d I MHIUUII11 . 1. 111. II V9IIW- 1 I ,..u in connection with the quartermaster, I J . 1 1 , .... . 1 commissary, and medical department, was drBCtly reaponslble for most of the mis- management that occurred m the war Itself d parenthetically be It olsterved that CONGRESS AT WORK. SECOND 8E83ION OF 69TH BOOY BEGINS LABORS. Many Q nest Ion of Great fmpertaaa Ire Eineeted to Iteeelve) Consider ation Minority Mar Fere TarlC laane to the Front. Washington correspondence: The Flfty-nlntli Congress, whicU broke the recordu of achievement dur ing Its first flcsHlon, roaumed lU labors Mondny. There are Jiint three- months of life remaining to it, and ln the three- month new questions of Tltal Importance will be brought to the frout. There are, In addition, many Important measures) that were hnnglng Dre when adjournment was taken last summer, and between the new and the old, to gether with the appropriation, bills that must be considered, there is a tremen dous amount of work ahead for the na tional lawmakers. Hoth houses were called to order at noon. After some perfunctory work adjournment was taken to await the I'resldent's annual message on Tues day. In the House there was practi cally nothing on tbe first day's pro jrram, aside from the swearing ln of new members who had heen elected to fill Tacancles. Four members have died since the adjournment In June, "and resolutions were adopted and ndjourn- nent taken out of respect to their memory before the regular routine waa begun. Tbe Senate was ready to go, ahead from where It left off flve months ago. Important Issues which are to com mand the attention of Congress are the following: Inheritance tax ou big fortune. ltegulationsj of corporations. Divorce question. Hace question.. Cuban problem. Japanese question. Currency reform. Safeguarding of coal lands. Philippine tariff bill. Ship subsidy question. Campaign contributions. Postal savings banks and pared post. Child labor prohibition. Anti-injunction bill. Government powdsr factories. There is a strong probability that a river nnd harbor bill carrying about $00,000,000 will go through. The only obstacle will be possible opposition .f tbe Senate should the advocates of tlio shlp subsidy measure ln that body de mand that It stand or fall with tu river and harbor bill. The administration earnestly dcxlrc the enactment of the ITouse bill re ducing the tariffs on Philippine sngar. tobacco and rice to 25 per cent of the I Dinirlev rate, nnd ailmtrMno- frua -II I - r other Philippine products. 1 The Seuat held the measure up In the last sen- slo.n. If tbe subsidy advocates ln t he- Senate have their way, they will sup port the Philippine tariff bill and tbe river and harbor measure, which Is to contain a provision Inaugurating tbe proposed deep waterway from tbe lake to tbe gulf. The Smoot case Is to, be argued In the Senate and a vote had If possible. The Santo Domingo treaty, hanging- fire fcur two years, will also receive the attention of the Senators, together with. the Isle of Pines treaty. The eight-hour and ant!-lnJunetloi measures, the demand for which by or ganized labor, prompted the American Federation of Labor's recent excursion Into the pojltieul field, will come up for discussion during the session. Tbe- eight-bour bill has been favorably re ported by the ITouse Committee o.it Labor. Speaker Cannon's opposition, has prevented It from being placed be fore the House. The antl-lnjunctiou measure which President Roosevelt ba promised the labor people he will per sonally consider, Is awaiting action at the hands of the Judiciary Committee of the Ile.use. Tbe crealon of an elastic currency to meet the demands of the bankers aud prevent panicky conditions, owing to- I periodical stringency ln the money mar ket will also be discussed. I . , The measure mailing more nrumein the regulations governing the admission of aliens Into this co.untry will un doubtedly become a law. The quostlon of bigger battleship will be one of the most Important ques tions to bo decided. The Navy Depart ment has prepared plans for a warship to surpass the English Dreadnaught,. but the question of embarking upon such a policy was left at the last sen sleji to be determined at this one. There promises to be further agita tion of Cuban Independence. There may be a congressional inves tigation of the government printing: th matter of Ident Ropsevelfs- I nlmnllflail nnollliiff nrripr will crime till. - . o .... j ...... v. - i-- r - ..... - I president Itoosevelt will send a spe- I clal message to Congresa relating to tha- I Panama Cflnal. I I T...-. . I . .f.. r.e .. . i (.y$iui n-iui mo iu iuq iumh.. v. ond-class mall matter will be discussed the! and there will be the usual fight over the subsidy paid to the Southern Ka 1- I rona tjompauy tor iu i" I frorQ Washington to New Orleans. There will be beard occasionally tb.- I At tha tnrlfT revisionist lie WM I a I prominent In the speaking program oc tne ja8t session and hS Hot yet WOrtt ' . . t nn,a. of I out DlS arBUuiema . I wise ones Bay, however, tnat mere wit . .thin Hnllll? " I be nothing aoing. - 1 nn,- .mwuiI retrlctlon of Japanese- Fori , y A .af, ,, it.pifl,. I ImmlgTatkm. advocated by lacine- I rnfmbers, will come befor th- House. I 1st, Henryk Sienkiewici, the Polish novej- has sent to liritisb and r renin ney